
2011年以来我国1 km2以上湖泊变迁
王占玲, 曹引, 赵红莉, 蒋云钟, 李杰, 郭昊淼, 李向龙
2011年以来我国1 km2以上湖泊变迁
The Changes of Lakes above 1 km2 in China Since 2011
近年来由于气候变化和人类活动的双重影响,不同区域的湖泊发生了不同类型和不同程度的变化。采用RS和GIS技术,以第一次全国水利普查成果为基础,基于2019年GF-1时序遥感影像,通过面向对象多尺度分割结合双峰阈值法提取水体,在二次校正时利用目视解译判断出湖泊变迁类型,随后导出水体面积定量评价面积在1 km2以上的发生变化的湖泊,并对变迁类型、变迁等级与数量进行统计分析。结果显示:①全国有814个湖泊发生不利变迁,主要变迁类型包括萎缩、耕地侵占、湿地侵占、养殖地侵占、其他侵占,占湖泊总数的28.3%;②变迁类型空间差异明显,北方湖泊多以干涸萎缩为主,南方湖泊变迁多以水田、养殖业侵占类型为主;③扩张型湖泊主要集中于西藏和青海地区。研究结果为湖泊变化监测和管理提供了最新基础数据。
In recent years, lakes in different regions have changed in different types and degrees due to the increasing influence of climate change and human activities. This paper uses RS and GIS technology, based on the results of the first water conservancy survey and the 2019 GF-1 time series remote sensing image, the water body is extracted through object-oriented multi-scale segmentation combined with the bimodal threshold method, and visual observation is used in the secondary calibration. Interpretation to determine the type of lake change, and then derive the water area to quantitatively evaluate the lakes with an area of more than 1 km2 that have changed, and perform statistical analysis on the type, level and quantity of the changes.The results showed that: ① About 814 lakes across the country have undergone unfavorable changes. The main types of changes include shrinkage, cultivated land encroachment, wetland encroachment, breeding land encroachment, other encroachment, accounting for 28.3% of the total number of lakes. ② The spatial difference of change types is obvious, the lakes in the north are mostly dried up and shrunk, the lakes in the south are mostly occupied by paddy fields and aquaculture. ③ Expansion lakes are mainly concentrated on Tibet and Qinghai.The research results provide the latest basic data for lake change monitoring and management.
水利普查 / 时序遥感影像 / 目视解译 / 定量评价 / 湖泊变迁类型 {{custom_keyword}} /
water conservancy survey / time series remote sensing image / visual interpretation / quantitative evaluation / types of lake changes {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 湖泊变迁类型及划分标准Tab.1 Types of lake changes and classification standards |
划分等级 | 1-萎缩 | 2-耕地侵占 | 3-湿地侵占 | 4-养殖地侵占 | 5-其他侵占 | 6-面积扩张 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
>95% | 1-1 干涸 | 2-1 全部侵占 | 3-1 全部侵占 | 4-1 全部侵占 | 5-1 全部侵占 | |
70%~95% | 1-2 重度萎缩 | 2-2 重度侵占 | 3-2 重度侵占 | 4-2 重度侵占 | 5-2 重度侵占 | |
40%~70% | 1-3 中度萎缩 | 2-3 中度侵占 | 3-3 中度侵占 | 4-3 中度侵占 | 5-3 中度侵占 | |
10%~40% | 1-4 轻微萎缩 | 2-4 轻度侵占 | 3-4 轻度侵占 | 4-4 轻度侵占 | 5-4 轻度侵占 |
表2 单一变迁类型及个数统计表Tab.2 Statistics of single transition types and numbers |
等级 | 1-萎缩 | 2-耕地侵占 | 3-湿地侵占 | 4-养殖地侵占 | 5-其他侵占 | 6-面积扩张 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
个数 | 占比/% | 个数 | 占比/% | 个数 | 占比 | 个数 | 占比/% | 个数 | 占比/% | 个数 | |
95%以上 | 72 | 9.7 | 86 | 11.5 | 25 | 3.4 | 38 | 5.1 | 15 | 2.0 | 202 |
70%~95% | 80 | 10.7 | 19 | 2.5 | 9 | 1.2 | 18 | 2.4 | 6 | 0.8 | |
40%~70% | 76 | 10.2 | 20 | 2.7 | 4 | 0.5 | 15 | 2.0 | 8 | 1.1 | |
10%~40% | 183 | 24.5 | 23 | 3.1 | 5 | 0.7 | 36 | 4.8 | 8 | 1.1 | |
总数 | 411 | 55.1 | 148 | 19.8 | 43 | 5.8 | 107 | 14.3 | 37 | 5.0 | 202 |
表3 复合变迁类型及个数统计表Tab.3 Type and number of compound transition statistics |
个数 | 1-1 | 1-2 | 1-3 | 1-4 | 2-2 | 2-3 | 2-4 | 3-2 | 3-3 | 3-4 | 4-2 | 4-3 | 4-4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2-3 | 3 | ||||||||||||
2-4 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 3 | |||||||||
3-2 | 5 | ||||||||||||
4-2 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||
4-3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
4-4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 1 | |||||||
5-3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
5-4 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
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