
基于DEA和Malmquist指数的农业水资源利用效率分析
顾世祥, 朱赟, 李亚龙, 熊玉江
基于DEA和Malmquist指数的农业水资源利用效率分析
An Analysis of the Agricultural Water Resources Utilization Efficiency Based on DEA and Malmquist Index: Taking the Water Receiving Area in Central Yunnan as an Example
为了最大力度地发挥滇中受水区农业水资源利用效率,实现农业可持续发展,选取滇中受水区主要农作物产量为产出指标,农业用水量、综合灌溉定额、粮食作物种植面积、农业人口为投入指标。以2008年、2018年为截面数据进行静态数据包络计算分析,以2008-2018年数据为序列进行Malmquist动态分析。静态分析结果表明,滇中受水区整体及各受水片区农业水资源利用效率均DEA无效,且近年来呈下降趋势。动态分析结果表明,农业水资源利用效率TFP指数均未超过1,均值为0.911 6,且11年来呈衰减趋势。技术作为主导农业水资源利用效率的重要因素,很大程度上直接决定了全要素生产率的变化节奏,加大节水建设力度,配合合理资源配置才是提升农业水资源利用效率的关键。
In order to give full play to the utilization efficiency of agricultural water resources and realize the sustainable development of agriculture in the central Yunnan water receiving area, the output of main crops is selected as the output index, the agricultural water consumption, the comprehensive irrigation quota, the planting area of grain crops and the agricultural population are selected as the input indexes. Taking 2008 and 2018 as the cross-section data, the static data envelopment calculation analysis is carried out, and the Malmquist dynamic analysis is carried out based on the 2008-2018 data series. The results of static analysis show that the utilization efficiency of agricultural water resources in the whole and each water receiving area in Central Yunnan is invalid, and show a downward trend in recent years. The results of dynamic analysis show that TFP index of agricultural water resources utilization efficiency is not more than 1, the average value is 0.911 6, and it has been declining in the past 11 years. As an important factor in leading the utilization efficiency of agricultural water resources, technology directly determines the change rhythm of total factor productivity to a great extent. The key to improve the utilization efficiency of agricultural water resources is to strengthen the construction of water-saving and cooperate with reasonable resource allocation.
滇中受水区 / 农业水资源利用效率 / 数据包络分析 / Malmquist指数法 {{custom_keyword}} /
water receiving area in central Yunnan / utilization efficiency of agricultural water resources / data envelopment analysis / Malmquist index {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 评价指标Tab.1 Evaluating indicator |
指标类型 | 指标名称 |
---|---|
投入指标 | 农业用水量/亿m3 |
综合灌溉定额/(m3·hm-2) | |
粮食作物种植面积/万hm2 | |
农业人口/万人 | |
产出指标 | 主要农作物产量/万t |
表2 2008年、2018年滇中受水片区指标数据Tab.2 Ndex data of water receiving area in Central Yunnan in 2008 and 2018 |
区域 | 2008年 | 2018年 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
农业用水量/亿m3 | 综合灌溉定额/ (m3·hm-2) | 粮食作物 种植面积/ 万hm2 | 农业人口/ 万人 | 粮食产量/万t | 农业用水量/亿m3 | 综合灌溉 定额/ (m3·hm-2) | 粮食作物 种植面积/ 万hm2 | 农业人口/万人 | 粮食产量/万t | |
昆明片区 | 1.78 | 3 553 | 25.64 | 188 | 30.9 | 2.66 | 3 009 | 22.48 | 125 | 35.2 |
玉溪片区 | 2.63 | 3 658 | 9.49 | 117 | 22.8 | 3.11 | 3 100 | 11.11 | 115 | 25.52 |
楚雄片区 | 3.46 | 4 076 | 20.91 | 183 | 95.1 | 3.65 | 3 940 | 24.12 | 155 | 97.91 |
红河片区 | 2.60 | 3 827 | 33.11 | 145 | 70.0 | 2.73 | 3 698 | 38.33 | 143 | 73.14 |
大理片区 | 4.56 | 3 850 | 26.14 | 199 | 81.1 | 4.68 | 3 654 | 29.66 | 183 | 88.43 |
丽江片区 | 0.09 | 4 022 | 12.75 | 36 | 17.5 | 0.09 | 3 355 | 12.58 | 37 | 18.83 |
研究区 | 15.12 | 3 831 | 128.04 | 868 | 317.4 | 16.92 | 3 459 | 138.29 | 758 | 339.03 |
表3 2008年、2018年滇中受水片区农业水资源利用有效性评价结果Tab.3 Evaluation results of agricultural water resources utilization efficiency in water receiving area of central Yunnan in 2008 and 2018 |
受水片区 | 综合效率 | 技术效率 | 规模效率 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2008 | 2018 | 2008 | 2018 | 2008 | 2018 | |
昆明片区 | 0.852 1 | 0.913 2 | 0.871 1 | 0.923 2 | 0.884 8 | 0.917 2 |
玉溪片区 | 0.945 5 | 0.922 9 | 0.919 8 | 0.917 2 | 0.942 7 | 0.926 5 |
丽江片区 | 0.935 3 | 0.912 7 | 0.920 5 | 0.906 9 | 0.947 9 | 0.942 3 |
楚雄片区 | 0.921 2 | 0.910 5 | 0.908 6 | 0.935 5 | 0.901 4 | 0.900 1 |
红河片区 | 0.865 2 | 0.897 5 | 0.881 0 | 0.903 8 | 0.872 9 | 0.913 5 |
大理片区 | 0.932 6 | 0.912 1 | 0.936 9 | 0.920 6 | 0.925 3 | 0.907 6 |
滇中受水区 | 0.940 2 | 0.923 9 | 0.935 4 | 0.901 6 | 0.922 7 | 0.908 7 |
图2 2008-2018年滇中受水区农业水资源利用效率分年TFP指数及分解Fig.2 Annual TFP index and decomposition of agricultural water resources utilization efficiency in Central Yunnan Province from 2008 to 2018 |
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