
引江济淮工程朱集站泵装置水力性能模型试验研究
秦钟建, 徐磊
引江济淮工程朱集站泵装置水力性能模型试验研究
Experimental Research on the Hydraulic Performance of the Pump System Model for Zhuji Pumping Station in Yangtze-to-Huaihe Water Diversion Project
为提高引江济淮工程朱集站立式轴流泵装置的水动力特性,保证泵站安全、稳定和高效运行,在采用三维流场数值计算的方法对进出水流道进行优化水力设计的基础上,进一步完成了朱集站泵装置模型的水动力特性试验研究。结果表明:经过优化的朱集站进出水流道水流流速变化均匀、流道水头损失小,泵装置模型最高效率达78.33%,水力性能优异;与泵段相比,泵装置模型最优工况点向负角度和小流量区偏移约2°。泵装置模型进口压力为临界空化余量值时,叶片工作面或背面出现了较大面积的空化泡区域。水泵的转频和叶频对泵装置模型水泵叶轮室进出口处的压力脉动幅值影响较大,对导叶体出口处的压力脉动幅值影响较小。此外,为避免产生共振,泵体结构的固有频率应避开水泵的转频、叶频及其倍频。
In order to improve hydraulic performance and ensure stable operation of Zhuji Pumping Station, an optimization design of the inlet conduit and outlet conduit is completed based on three-dimensional turbulent flow numerical simulation. The experimental research on the hydrodynamic characteristics of optimized pump system model is carried out on a high-precision hydraulic machinery test bed. The experimental results show that the flow velocity of the inlet and outlet conduit of Zhuji Station changes uniformly and the hydraulic loss of the conduit is small, the highest efficiency of the pump system model is 78.33%, and the hydraulic performance is excellent. Compared with the pump section, the optimal operation point of the pump system model is offset by about 2° to the negative angle and the small flow area. Secondly, when the inlet pressure of the pump system model is equal to the value of critical net positive suction head, the larger zones of cavitation bubbles are observed on the pressure side and suction side of the blades. Thirdly, the shaft frequency and blade passing frequency have greater influence on the pressure pulsation amplitude at the inlet and outlet of impeller, and they have less influence on pressure pulsation amplitude at the outlet of the guide vane. In order to avoid resonances, the natural frequency of the pump structure should avoid the pump shaft frequency, blade passing frequency and its frequency multiplication.
引江济淮工程 / 立式轴流泵装置 / 模型试验 / 能量性能 / 空化性能 / 压力脉动 {{custom_keyword}} /
Yangtze-to-Huaihe Water Diversion Project / vertical axial-flow pump system / model test / hydraulic performance / cavitation performance / pressure pulsation {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 泵装置模型与水泵模型TJ04-ZL-06最优工况点参数的比较Tab.1 Comparison of parameters on optimum operating condition between pump system model and pump model |
叶片安放角/(°) | 泵装置模型 | 水泵模型TJ04-ZL-06 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
流量/(L·s-1) | 泵装置扬程/m | 泵装置效率/% | 流量/(L·s-1) | 水泵扬程/m | 水泵效率/% | |
-6 | 256.53 | 3.79 | 78.29 | 299.1 | 3.73 | 85.10 |
-4 | 276.60 | 3.91 | 78.33 | 321.8 | 3.73 | 85.27 |
-2 | 292.54 | 4.12 | 78.26 | 339.7 | 3.90 | 85.46 |
0 | 307.86 | 4.21 | 78.19 | 357.5 | 3.98 | 85.53 |
+2 | 320.01 | 4.59 | 77.93 | 374.8 | 4.21 | 85.84 |
图6 高扬程工况叶片初生空化泡Fig.6 Initial cavitation bubbles on blade under high head conditions |
图7 高扬程工况效率下降1%时叶片空化泡Fig.7 Cavitation bubbles on blade when efficiency drops by 1% under high head conditions |
表2 不同工况时初生空化值与临界空化值对比Tab.2 Comparison of initial cavitation value and critical cavitation value under different operating conditions |
序号 | 流量/(L·s-1) | 净扬程H 装置/m | 初生空化值/m | NPSHC /m | 空化泡位置 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 358.32 | 1.87 | 7.85 | 6.98 | 工作面 |
2 | 305.45 | 3.71 | 14.54 | 6.32 | 背面 |
3 | 259.96 | 4.99 | 14.63 | 7.97 | 背面 |
表3 朱集站泵装置飞逸转速试验结果Tab.3 Test results of runaway speed of pump system of Zhuji Pumping Station |
叶片角度/(°) | 单位飞逸转速/(r·min-1) | 原型飞逸转速/(r·min-1) | 原型飞逸转速与电机额定转速比值 |
---|---|---|---|
-8 | 307 | 291 | 1.74 |
-6 | 312 | 295 | 1.77 |
-4 | 304 | 288 | 1.73 |
-2 | 295 | 279 | 1.68 |
0 | 288 | 273 | 1.64 |
2 | 281 | 266 | 1.60 |
4 | 272 | 258 | 1.54 |
图10 泵装置扬程1.97 m时压力脉动试验时域和频域图Fig.10 Time domain and frequency domain diagrams of pressure pulsation when pump system head is 1.97 m |
图11 泵装置扬程3.53 m时压力脉动试验时域和频域图Fig.11 Time domain and frequency domain diagrams of pressure pulsation when pump system head is 3.53 m |
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