
施硅对含镉土壤中铵态氮等温吸附的影响
高晶晶, 李龙国, 谭霄
施硅对含镉土壤中铵态氮等温吸附的影响
The Effects of Silicon Application on Isothermal Adsorption of Ammonium Nitrogen in Cadmium Contaminated Soil
为探明镉和硅及其相互作用对NH4+在土壤中吸附过程的影响规律及机理,研究设置两个镉添加水平(2.5, 5 mg/kg),3个硅添加水平(0, 100, 200 kg SiO2/hm2)及对照组,共7组处理,分别记为CK、Cd2.5、Cd5、Cd2.5S1、Cd2.5S2、Cd5S1、Cd5S2,测量各处理土壤对NH4 +的等温吸附曲线,并采用线性模型、Freundlich模型以及Langmuir模型等五种模型对实验结果进行模拟。结果表明:由于土壤中Cd2+与NH4 +的竞争吸附,镉含量越高,土壤对NH4 +的吸附能力越差,重金属污染增加了面源污染的风险;硅添加能显著提升含镉土壤对NH4 +吸附,吸附量和吸附率具体表现为Cd5<Cd2.5<CK<Cd5S1<Cd5S2<Cd2.5S1<Cd2.5S2;6种模型均能对实验结果进行拟合,其中Langmuir模型的拟合效果最好,R 2在0.948 6~0.996 3之间,说明Langmuir方程能够更好地描述施硅对含镉土壤中NH4 +吸附过程的影响。在含镉土壤中施加硅肥,可有效提高土壤对NH4 +的吸附能力,减少氮肥流失,有利于重金属污染及面源污染的协同治理。
Batch experiment is conducted to investigate the influences of Si application (0, 100, and 200 kg SiO2/hm2, abbreviated as S1 and S2) on the isothermal adsorption of ammonium nitrogen in soils contaminated by Cd (2.5 and 5 mg Cd/kg CdBr2, Cd2.5 and Cd5 for short ) . After that, five models including linear model, Freundlich model, Langmuir model etc. are used to fit the experiment data. The results show that ① the adsorption of NH4 + decreases with the increasing Cd content due to the competitive adsorption between Cd2+ and NH4 + in soil, which implies that the heavy metal pollution might increase the risk of non-point source pollution; ② the addition of exogenous silicon significantly improves the adsorption capacity and adsorption rate of NH4 + in the following order:Cd5<Cd2.5<CK<Cd5S1<Cd5S2<Cd2.5S1<Cd2.5S2; ③ the experiment data can be simulated by all the six models among which Langmuir model has the best fit with the R 2 ranging from 0.948 6 to 0.996 3, indicating that Langmuir model can better describe the influence of silicon application on the adsorption of NH4 + in the Cd contaminated soil. Silicon application can effectively improve the adsorption capacity of NH4 +in the Cd contaminated soil and reduce the loss of nitrogen fertilizer, which is significant to the cooperative governance of heavy metal pollution and non-point source pollution.
镉 / 硅肥 / 铵态氮 / 等温吸附 {{custom_keyword}} /
cadmium / silicon fertilizer / ammonium nitrogen / isothermal adsorption {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 土壤初始理化性质Tab.1 Initial physicochemical properties of soil |
土壤质地 | pH | EC/(μs·cm-1) | 有机质/(mg·g-1) | 有效硅/(mg·g-1) | NH4 +-N/(mg·kg-1) | NO3 —N/(mg·kg-1) | 总镉/(mg·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
粉壤土 | 6.46 | 123.47 | 47.75 | 68.82 | 9.50 | 6.50 | 3.80 |
图1 不同处理下的土壤NH4 +等温吸附曲线Fig.1 The isothermal adsorption curves of NH4 + in treatments |
表2 不同处理下土壤对NH4 +吸附量和吸附率的方差分析Tab.2 ANOVA for the adsorption capacity and adsorption rate of NH4 + in treatments |
处理 | 指标 | NH4 +初始浓度/(mg·L-1) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 | 10 | 40 | 80 | 120 | 180 | 240 | ||
CK | 吸附量/(mg·kg-1) | 35.13±4.49e | 67.93±6.86cb | 255.27±16.10c | 495.40±27.77c | 687.27±48.84c | 994.00±50.31c | 1 194.33±30.73d |
吸附率/% | 35±0.04e | 34±0.03cd | 32±0.02c | 31±0.02c | 29±0.02c | 28±0.01c | 25±0.01d | |
Cd2.5 | 吸附量/(mg·kg-1) | 32.67±3.80e | 64.13±1.16d | 240.20±2.12c | 443.53±8.19c | 642.53±13.09c | 840.13±103.72d | 1 075.13±77.81e |
吸附率/% | 33±0.03e | 32±0.01d | 30±0.00c | 28±0.01c | 27±0.01c | 23±0.03d | 22±0.02e | |
Cd5 | 吸附量/(mg·kg-1) | 25.47±0.82f | 46.13±6.31d | 178.67±10.38d | 335.00±75.80d | 436.13±9.39d | 627.67±143.73e | 723.20±68.82f |
吸附率/% | 25±0.01f | 23±0.03d | 22±0.01d | 21±0.05d | 18±0.00d | 17±0.04e | 15±0.01f | |
Cd2.5S1 | 吸附量/(mg·kg-1) | 51.60±2.04c | 102.93±6.54ab | 370.80±13.73b | 695.40±9.38b | 1 004.87±27.65b | 1 435.13±66.56ab | 1 637.33±24.73b |
吸附率/% | 52±0.02c | 51±0.03ab | 46±0.02b | 43±0.01b | 42±0.01b | 40±0.02ab | 34±0.01b | |
Cd5S1 | 吸附量/(mg·kg-1) | 44.80±1.34d | 88.20±8.28bc | 344.80±20.31b | 635.33±28.06b | 969.40±13.18b | 1 370.00±44.33b | 1 330.20±75.60c |
吸附率/% | 45±0.01d | 44±0.04bc | 43±0.03b | 41±0.02b | 40±0.01b | 38±0.01b | 28±0.02c | |
Cd2.5S2 | 吸附量/(mg·kg-1) | 69.53±0.57a | 123.33±16.50a | 486.00±8.78a | 880.87±4.58a | 1 091.53±41.90a | 1 560.87±24.25a | 1 803.40±16.53a |
吸附率/% | 70±0.01a | 62±0.08a | 61±0.01a | 55±0.00a | 45±0.02a | 43±0.01a | 38±0.00a | |
Cd5S2 | 吸附量/(mg·kg-1) | 58.73±1.20b | 116.13±24.02a | 350.20±11.47b | 678.00±13.37b | 988.13±18.04b | 1 438.27±29.22ab | 1 550.93±11.19b |
吸附率/% | 59±0.01b | 58±0.12a | 44±0.01b | 42±0.01b | 41±0.01bb | 40±0.01ab | 32±0.00b |
表3 等温吸附模型拟合结果方差分析Tab.3 ANOVA for the fitting of isothermal adsorption model |
处理 | 拟合公式 | K/(L·kg-1) | R 2 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 线性模型 | 7.23 ±0.40e | 0.986 4±0.01a | |||
Cd2.5 | 6.18±0.51f | 0.978 0±0.01bc | ||||
Cd5 | 3.97±0.64g | 0.956 8±0.02bc | ||||
Cd2.5S1 | 12.12±0.14b | 0.961 6±0.01abc | ||||
Cd5S1 | 9.77±0.72d | 0.934 0±0.03c | ||||
Cd2.5S2 | 13.97±0.22a | 0.946 6±0.01c | ||||
Cd5S2 | 11.31±0.20c | 0.9598 3±0.01abc | ||||
处理 | 拟合公式 | qm /(mg·kg-1) | KL /(L·mg-1) | R 2 | ||
CK | Langmuir模型 | 3 619.47±989.25a | 0.003 1±0.001 3c | 0.996 3±0.002 0a | ||
Cd2.5 | 2 951.55±1 118.59abc | 0.003 5±0.001 6bc | 0.983 3±0.022 5ab | |||
Cd5 | 1 833.22±1 002.97c | 0.004 9±0.003 3bc | 0.948 6±0.018 1c | |||
Cd2.5S1 | 3 352.04±89.26ab | 0.006 5±0.000 5b | 0.984 3±0.012 8ab | |||
Cd5S1 | 2 195.08±226.51bc | 0.010 2±0.000 7a | 0.961 9±0.011 9bc | |||
Cd2.5S2 | 3 818.68±163.49abc | 0.011 7±0.001 9a | 0.988 5±0.006 5a | |||
Cd5S2 | 3 175.25±128.37ab | 0.006 5±0.000 5b | 0.981 5±0.002 3ab | |||
处理 | 拟合公式 | KF /(L·kg-1) | nF | R 2 | ||
CK | Freundlich模型 | 20.94±6.54c | 1.27±0.09c | 0.9948±0.001 6a | ||
Cd2.5 | 20.33±5.72c | 1.32±0.12c | 0.979 7±0.020 7a | |||
Cd5 | 16.89±6.85c | 1.41±0.23c | 0.942 2±0.018 5b | |||
Cd2.5S1 | 49.07±6.62b | 1.42±0.04c | 0.986 8±0.008 5a | |||
Cd5S1 | 62.20±3.60b | 1.63±0.06ab | 0.936 2±0.022 9b | |||
Cd2.5S2 | 95.47±15.72a | 1.69±0.10a | 0.987 2±0.006 2a | |||
Cd5S2 | 52.45±4.25b | 1.47±0.04bc | 0.974 83±0.008 1a | |||
处理 | 拟合公式 | BT /(J·mol-1) | AT /(L·kg-1) | R2 | ||
CK | Tempkin模型 | 221.70±77.11c | 0.56±0.39a | 0.737 0±0.069 3bc | ||
Cd2.5 | 191.95±109.73c | 0.23±0.01a | 0.699 0±0.115 0c | |||
Cd5 | 193.35±54.21c | 0.15±0.07a | 0.876 5±0.013 6a | |||
Cd2.5S1 | 418.82±94.38a | 0.26±0.14a | 0.880 9±0.046 5a | |||
Cd5S1 | 340.38±21.73ab | 0.25±0.02a | 0.878 1±0.011 9a | |||
Cd2.5S2 | 374.50±8.91a | 0.44±0.06a | 0.894 4±0.018 0a | |||
Cd5S2 | 337.78±21.75ab | 0.34±0.06a | 0.827 9±0.010 0ab | |||
处理 | 拟合公式 | qm /(mg·kg-1) | KT /(mg·kg-1) | nT | R 2 | |
CK | Toth模型 | 3.32±2.24b | 2.84±1.52ab | 59.72±33.17a | 0.961 4±0.233a | |
Cd2.5 | 1.84±0.20b | 3.40±0.54a | 4.66±3.78a | 0.938 9±0.036 6a | ||
Cd5 | 0.48±0.57b | 0.09±0.33c | 1.19±1.99a | 0.886 2±0.082 0a | ||
Cd2.5S1 | 1.84±1.60b | 3.08±2.21ab | 176.03±154.44a | 0.906 1±0.044 0a | ||
Cd5S1 | 3.09±5.35b | 0.72±0.08c | 0.04±0.00a | 0.903 5±0.020 8a | ||
Cd2.5S2 | 2.46±2.86b | 0.82±0.11c | 0.05±0.00a | 0.980 3±0.005 2a | ||
Cd5S2 | 8.65±3.09a | 1.21±0.69bc | 69.87±119.43a | 0.931 6±0.071 5a |
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