
长江河势急剧变化区抛石护岸工程对水流条件影响
王茂枚, 朱昊, 赵钢, 徐毅, 蔡军
长江河势急剧变化区抛石护岸工程对水流条件影响
Influence of Riprap Revetment Project on Flow Condition in the Area of Sharp Change of River Regime in Yangtze River
长江河势急剧变化区抛石护岸工程量巨大且动态特性突出,研究工程实施后河段水流条件的变化对评价工程实施效果以及分析河势变化影响具有重要意义。基于Delft3D软件建立河段三维水流数学模型研究了抛石护岸工程实施对附近河段水位、流速及分流比等的影响。结果表明:工程实施后,水位变幅总体在0.01 m以内,落憩时刻水位变化幅度略高于涨憩时刻水位变幅,河道内水流受径流作用,呈现较为规律的水位变化情势;工程实施后,不论是涨急时刻还是落急时刻,流速变化主要集中于抛石工程区域,流速最大变幅在0.3 m/s左右,主要呈现抛石区流速减少深槽流速增大的规律;工程的实施阻碍了浏海沙水道的过流,使得其分流比有所减小,如皋中汊和如皋左汊分流比增大,涨潮流所受工程影响大于落潮时刻。所得成果可为长江河道治理及规划提供参考依据。
The quantity of rubble revetment works is huge and the dynamic characteristics are prominent in the rapidly changing area of the Yangtze River. It is of great significance to study the change of flow conditions in the river reach to evaluate the implementation effect of the project and analyze the influence of river regime change. In this paper, based on Delft3D software, the influence of the rubble revetment project on the water level, flow velocity and diversion ratio of the nearby reach is studied by using the planar two-dimensional flow mathematical model. The results show that after the implementation of the project, the variation range of water level is generally within 0.01 m, and the variation range of water level at the low-water slack is slightly higher than that at the high-water slack. The flow in the river is affected by runoff and presents a relatively regular water level change situation. The flow velocity changes are mainly concentrated on the rubble-throwing engineering area, regardless of the rising hour or the falling hour, and the maximum amplitude of the flow velocity is about 0.3 m/s, which mainly shows the law that the flow velocity in the rubble-throwing area decreases and the flow velocity in the deep groove increases. The implementation of the project impedes the flow of Liuhaisha Channel and reduces its diversion ratio. The diversion ratio of Rugao middle branch and Rugao left branch increases, and the influence of the project on the flood tide is greater than that of the ebb tide. The results can provide reference for the Yangtze River Channel management and planning.
老海坝 / 数学模型 / 抛石护岸 / 水流条件 {{custom_keyword}} /
Laohaiba / mathematical model / rubble revetment / flow conditions {{custom_keyword}} /
图4 研究区域水尺、测流点、采样点布置Fig.4 Layout of water ruler and flow measuring point in study area |
表1 监测点潮位变化统计 (m)Tab.1 Statistics of tidal level changes at monitoring points |
特征点 | 涨憩水位 | 落憩水位 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
工程前 | 工程后 | 变化值 | 工程前 | 工程后 | 变化值 | |
P1 | 3.813 | 3.814 | 0.001 | 0.896 | 0.902 | 0.006 |
P2 | 3.810 | 3.815 | 0.005 | 0.878 | 0.884 | 0.006 |
P3 | 3.810 | 3.810 | 0 | 0.837 | 0.844 | 0.007 |
P4 | 3.807 | 3.808 | 0.001 | 0.834 | 0.841 | 0.007 |
P5 | 3.813 | 3.814 | 0.001 | 0.799 | 0.807 | 0.008 |
P6 | 3.810 | 3.813 | 0.003 | 0.732 | 0.737 | 0.005 |
P7 | 3.815 | 3.817 | 0.002 | 0.711 | 0.721 | 0.010 |
P8 | 3.822 | 3.823 | 0.001 | 0.657 | 0.653 | -0.004 |
P9 | 3.826 | 3.824 | -0.002 | 0.673 | 0.669 | -0.004 |
P10 | 3.819 | 3.824 | 0.005 | 0.718 | 0.714 | -0.004 |
P11 | 3.832 | 3.828 | -0.004 | 0.646 | 0.639 | -0.007 |
P12 | 3.830 | 3.826 | -0.004 | 0.637 | 0.630 | -0.007 |
P13 | 3.825 | 3.819 | -0.006 | 0.648 | 0.641 | -0.007 |
P14 | 3.805 | 3.811 | 0.006 | 0.890 | 0.896 | 0.006 |
P15 | 3.807 | 3.809 | 0.002 | 0.881 | 0.886 | 0.005 |
P16 | 3.957 | 3.958 | 0.001 | 0.807 | 0.809 | 0.002 |
P17 | 4.082 | 4.078 | -0.004 | 0.632 | 0.628 | -0.004 |
P18 | 3.932 | 3.927 | -0.005 | 0.625 | 0.620 | -0.005 |
表2 监测点流速变化统计 (m/s)Tab.2 Statistics of tidal level changes at monitoring points |
位置 | 监测点 | 大潮涨急 | 大潮落急 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
工程前 | 工程后 | 差值 | 变化率/% | 工程前 | 工程后 | 差值 | 变化率/% | ||
浏海沙水道 | P1 | 0.393 | 0.393 | 0 | 0 | 0.361 | 0.360 | -0.001 | -0.277 |
P2 | 0.475 | 0.474 | -0.001 | -0.211 | 0.655 | 0.653 | -0.002 | -0.305 | |
P3 | 0.451 | 0.450 | -0.001 | -0.222 | 0.909 | 0.904 | -0.005 | -0.550 | |
P4 | 0.156 | 0.157 | 0.001 | 0.641 | 1.189 | 1.183 | -0.006 | -0.505 | |
P5 | 0.368 | 0.367 | -0.001 | -0.272 | 1.259 | 1.249 | -0.010 | -0.794 | |
P6 | 0.761 | 0.760 | -0.001 | -0.131 | 1.341 | 1.354 | 0.013 | 0.969 | |
工程区 | P7 | 0.562 | 0.468 | -0.094 | -16.726 | 0.420 | 0.364 | -0.056 | -13.333 |
P8 | 0.684 | 0.657 | -0.027 | -3.947 | 0.287 | 0.298 | 0.011 | 3.833 | |
P9 | 0.706 | 0.568 | -0.138 | -19.547 | 1.571 | 1.624 | 0.053 | 3.374 | |
P10 | 0.478 | 0.686 | 0.208 | 43.515 | 1.403 | 1.129 | -0.274 | -19.530 | |
P11 | 0.798 | 0.802 | 0.004 | 0.501 | 0.677 | 0.721 | 0.044 | 6.499 | |
P12 | 1.030 | 1.125 | 0.095 | 9.223 | 0.987 | 0.676 | -0.311 | -31.510 | |
P13 | 0.505 | 0.470 | -0.035 | -6.931 | 1.554 | 1.590 | 0.036 | 2.317 | |
如皋中汊 | P14 | 0.115 | 0.114 | -0.001 | -0.870 | 1.364 | 1.357 | -0.007 | -0.513 |
P15 | 0.301 | 0.301 | 0 | 0 | 1.233 | 1.227 | -0.006 | -0.487 | |
如皋左汊 | P16 | 0.406 | 0.410 | 0.004 | 0.985 | 0.317 | 0.320 | 0.003 | 0.946 |
P17 | 0.416 | 0.420 | 0.004 | 0.962 | 0.355 | 0.363 | 0.008 | 2.254 | |
P18 | 0.637 | 0.637 | 0 | 0 | 0.204 | 0.209 | 0.005 | 2.451 |
表3 工程后各断面分流比变化 (%)Tab.3 Change of diversion ratio of each section after engineering |
位置 | 大潮涨急 | 大潮落急 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
工程前 | 工程后 | 变化 | 工程前 | 工程后 | 变化 | ||
民主沙 | 断面1 | 67.37 | 68.21 | 0.84 | 24.64 | 24.66 | 0.02 |
断面2 | 32.63 | 31.79 | -0.84 | 75.36 | 75.34 | -0.02 | |
长青沙 | 断面3 | 5.40 | 5.42 | 0.02 | 1.01 | 1.02 | 0.01 |
断面4 | 94.60 | 94.58 | -0.02 | 98.99 | 98.98 | -0.01 |
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