
基于正交试验的半开式离心泵轴向力影响因素研究
程效锐, 骆嘉恒, 蒋艺萌
基于正交试验的半开式离心泵轴向力影响因素研究
Research on the Influence Factors of the Axial Force of Semi-open Centrifugal Pumps Based on the Orthogonal Test
为了降低半开式低比转速离心泵的轴向力,采用数值分析方法对半开式离心泵轴向力的影响因素进行正交试验。选取叶顶间隙和平衡孔直径作为试验因素,每个因素取5个水平,对其进行正交方案设计。采用SST k-ω湍流方程对半开式离心泵轴向力进行数值计算,根据计算结果与原模型的试验结果进行对比,发现其扬程和效率变化在5%以内,因此该数值模拟方法具有可行性。基于L25(5 2)正交表,设计了25组试验方案,通过25组试验方案的数值模拟结果分析以得到最优方案。结果表明,通过减小叶顶间隙大小和开设平衡孔,后腔压力显著增加,离心泵轴向力大幅度降低,最大降幅达到了440.59 N,占原模型总轴向力的45.6%。与此同时对泵性能的影响并不大,效率仅降低了3.76%,扬程仅降低了0.3%。
In order to reduce the axial force of the semi-open centrifugal pump with low specific speed, the influencing factors of the axial force of the semi-open centrifugal pump are analyzed and studied by means of orthogonal experiment by combining numerical analysis. The blade tip clearance and balance hole diameter are selected as experimental factors, and each factor takes 5 levels to carry out orthogonal design. SST k-ωTurbulence equation is used to calculate the axial force of the semi-open centrifugal pump. According to the comparison between the calculated results and the experimental results of the original model, it is found that the head and efficiency change within 5%, so the numerical simulation method is feasible. Based on L25(5 2) orthogonal table, 25 groups of experimental schemes are designed, and the optimal scheme is obtained by analyzing the numerical simulation results of 25 groups of experimental schemes. The results show that by reducing the tip clearance and establishing the balance hole, the back cavity pressure increases significantly, and the axial force of the centrifugal pump decreases greatly, the maximum reduction is 440.59 N, accounting for 45.6% of the total axial force of the original model. At the same time, it has little effect on pump performance, efficiency only reduces by 3.76%, and the head reduces by only 0.3%.
正交试验 / 半开式离心泵 / 数值计算 / 叶顶间隙 / 平衡孔 / 轴向力 {{custom_keyword}} /
orthogonal test / semi-open centrifugal pump / numerical calculation / tip clearance / balance hole / axial force {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 半开式离心泵主要参数Tab.1 Main parameters of semi-open impeller centrifugal pump |
参数名称 | 数值 |
---|---|
流量Q v /(m3·h-1) | 6 |
设计扬程H/m | 6 |
转速n/(r·min-1) | 1500 |
比转速n s | 58 |
叶轮进口直径D 1/mm | 52 |
叶轮出口直径D 2/mm | 166 |
叶片出口宽度b 2/mm | 3.5 |
叶片进口安放角β 1/(°) | 65 |
叶片出口安放角β 2/(°) | 20 |
表2 因素水平Tab.2 Factor level |
水平 | 因素 | |
---|---|---|
σ /mm | d /mm | |
1 | 0.5 | 3 |
2 | 0.7 | 4 |
3 | 0.9 | 5 |
4 | 1.1 | 6 |
5 | 1.3 | 7 |
表3 试验方案Tab.3 Test scheme |
试验方案 | 试验因素 | 试验方案 | 试验因素 | 试验方案 | 试验因素 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | B | A | B | A | B | |||
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | 1(0.5) 1 1 1 1 2(0.7) 2 2 2 | 1(3) 2(4) 3(5) 4(6) 5(7) 1 2 3 4 | 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 | 2 3(0.9) 3 3 3 3 4(1.1) 4 4 | 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 | 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 | 4 4 5(1.3) 5 5 5 5 | 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 |
图5 离心泵的试验曲线与数值计算曲线Fig.5 Test curve and numerical calculation curve of centrifugal pump |
图7 叶轮和隔舌相对位置对泵轴向力及性能影响曲线Fig.7 The influence curve of the relative position of the impeller and the diaphragm on the axial force and performance of the pump |
表4 正交试验结果一Tab.4 Results of orthogonal test 1 |
试验方案 | 扬程H/m | 效率 | 输入功率P/kW | 试验方案 | 扬程H/m | 效率 | 输入功率P/kW |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | 6.43 7.38 7.20 7.06 6.97 6.41 7.15 7.01 6.83 6.92 6.71 6.83 6.84 | 43.69 44.45 42.48 41.32 40.54 39.93 43.23 41.66 40.21 40.34 39.16 43.20 41.37 | 0.25 0.27 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.29 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.26 0.27 | 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 | 6.61 6.68 6.47 6.51 6.41 6.27 6.30 6.21 6.38 6.21 6.02 6.01 6.00 | 39.87 39.06 37.82 41.69 39.18 38.11 38.23 37.53 40.58 38.43 37.75 37.42 36.70 | 0.27 0.28 0.28 0.25 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.27 |
表5 正交试验结果二 (N)Tab.5 Results of orthogonal test 2 |
试验方案 | F 1 | F 2 | F 3 | F 4 | 总轴向力 | 试验方案 | F 1 | F 2 | F 3 | F 4 | 总轴向力 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | 966.11 885.62 774.92 665.33 593.94 525.52 843.19 737.24 636.17 567.91 499.48 805.17 722.42 | 321.46 382.92 372.96 362.49 365.13 356.63 358.32 349.39 341.83 341.45 330.58 339.68 339.77 | -330.99 -384.70 -373.60 -362.29 -364.83 -356.56 -362.90 -352.96 -344.61 -344.15 -333.43 -345.07 -344.40 | 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 | 956.59 883.87 774.30 665.56 594.28 525.61 838.66 733.71 633.42 565.25 496.68 799.81 717.82 | 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 | 608.94 549.12 479.53 757.48 722.42 566.14 515.47 458.54 716.70 637.09 548.38 502.48 444.51 | 325.76 328.75 320.12 315.00 309.00 302.56 305.79 294.17 296.88 295.13 285.06 289.09 277.07 | -329.79 -333.11 -324.42 -322.82 -344.40 -309.64 -312.85 -300.96 -307.72 -305.61 -293.96 -298.81 -287.32 | 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.01 0 0.01 0 0.01 | 604.95 544.79 475.25 749.67 687.05 559.07 508.43 451.79 705.87 626.61 539.48 492.76 434.27 |
表6 试验结果极差分析Tab.6 Range analysis of test results |
参数 | 扬程H/m | 效率 | 输入功率P/kW | 轴向力F/N | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | B | A | B | A | B | A | B | |
K 1 K 2 K 3 K 4 K 5 k 1 k 2 k 3 k 4 k 5 | 35.62 34.62 33.43 31.71 30.91 7.12 6.92 6.69 6.34 6.18 | 34.26 33.67 32.80 33.07 32.48 6.85 6.73 6.56 6.61 6.51 | 208.71 204.6 201.31 194.75 190.86 41.74 40.92 40.26 38.95 38.17 | 213.14 203.11 197.27 195.59 191.13 42.63 40.62 39.45 39.12 38.23 | 1.39 1.38 1.36 1.33 1.32 0.28 0.28 0.27 0.27 0.26 | 1.31 1.35 1.35 1.38 1.38 0.26 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.28 | 3 443.62 3 267.71 3 142.63 2 956.00 2 798.99 688.72 653.54 628.53 591.20 559.80 | 4 008.16 3 594.08 3 024.96 2 728.93 2 407.58 795.58 707.90 600.50 541.10 476.72 |
极差R | 0.94 | 0.34 | 3.57 | 4.40 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 128.92 | 318.86 |
图10 各因素水平与效率指标关系Fig.10 Relationship between the level of each factor and efficiency index |
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