
1961-2017年中国热浪特征及其对植被的影响
姜颖迪, 王卫光, 魏佳, 童山琳
1961-2017年中国热浪特征及其对植被的影响
Characteristics of Heat Waves in China from 1961 to 2017 and Their Impacts on Vegetation
明确热浪特征及其对植被的影响对于工农业的发展和生态环境的维护至关重要。基于中国712个气象站点的日平均气温资料和归一化植被指数(NDVI)数据,以超热因子为指标定义热浪事件,并选择热浪次数、最长持续时间、频次和强度4个指数分析1961-2017年中国地区8个子区域热浪事件的时空变化特征,最后采用Spearman秩相关分析法探究热浪事件对植被的影响。结果表明,4个热浪指数呈显著增加的趋势,且在20世纪90年代和21世纪初发生突变。热浪次数、最长持续时间、频次在中国青藏、西部和东部地区的多年均值和变化趋势较大,热浪强度的多年均值和变化趋势均呈现出北高南低的空间变化特征。热浪事件对植被的生长情况具有显著的影响,在东南沿海、内蒙古东部和新疆东部地区热浪事件对植被生长具有抑制作用,而在中国西部、青藏和西南地区热浪事件对植被生长的促进作用较明显。
Clarifying the characteristics of heat waves and their impacts on vegetation is essential for the development of industry and agriculture and the maintenance of the ecological environment.Based on the daily average temperature data of 712 meteorological stations in China and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data, the heat wave event is defined with the excess heat factor as an indicator, and four indexes like the number of heat waves, maximum duration, frequency, and amplitude are selected. The indexes analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of heat wave events in 8 sub-regions of China from1961 to 2017, and uses Spearman rank correlation analysis to explore the impact of heat wave events on vegetation finally.The results show that the four heat wave indexes have increased significantly and have undergone abrupt changes in the 1990s and early 21th century. The number, maximum duration and frequency of heat waves in the Qinghai-Tibet region, western region and eastern region have large mean values and changing trends over the years. The mean and changing trends of heat wave amplitude show the characteristics of spatial change of north high and south low. Heat wave events have a significant impact on the growth of vegetation. Heat wave events in the southeast coast, eastern Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang have an inhibitory effect on vegetation growth, while in the western region, Qinghai-Tibet region and southwest China heat wave events have a more obvious promotion effect on vegetation growth.
超热因子 / 热浪特征 / 植被 / 归一化植被指数 {{custom_keyword}} /
excess heat factor / characteristics of heat waves / vegetation / NDVI {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 表征热浪次数、最长持续时间、频次和强度的指数Tab.1 Indexes that characterize the number, maximum duration, frequency and amplitude of heat waves |
热浪指数 | 定义 |
---|---|
HWN | 热浪次数/次 |
HWD | 热浪事件的最长持续天数/d |
HWF | 热浪事件的持续天数/d |
HWA | 热浪事件中EHF最大的值/℃2 |
图2 1961-2017年8个子区域热浪指数的时间变化趋势Fig.2 Time change trends of heat wave indexes in 8 sub-regions from 1961 to 2017 |
表2 各子区域热浪指数变化趋势系数及突变点Tab.2 Change trend coefficients and mutation points of heat wave indexex in each sub-region |
区域 | HWN | HWD | HWF | HWA | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
趋势系数/(次·a-1) | 突变点 | 趋势系数/(d·a-1) | 突变点 | 趋势系数/(d·a-1) | 突变点 | 趋势系数/(℃2·a-1) | 突变点 | |
中国 | 0.03 | 1998 | 0.08 | 1998 | 0.14 | 1998 | 0.12 | 1998 |
WAS | 0.03 | 1996 | 0.08 | 1996 | 0.15 | 1996 | 0.18 | 1996 |
EA | 0.03 | 1997 | 0.09 | 1998 | 0.18 | - | 0.22 | 1997 |
NE | 0.02 | - | 0.06 | - | 0.10 | - | 0.18 | - |
N | 0.01 | - | 0.04 | - | 0.07 | - | 0.08 | - |
C | 0.02 | 2000 | 0.06 | 2001 | 0.11 | 2001 | 0.07 | 2000 |
S | 0.03 | 1995 | 0.09 | 1995 | 0.17 | - | 0.06 | 1995 |
SW | 0.02 | - | 0.07 | 2003 | 0.13 | 2002 | 0.07 | - |
QT | 0.04 | 1994 | 0.13 | 1996 | 0.23 | 1997 | 0.17 | 1994 |
表3 各子区域热浪指数与NDVI的相关系数Tab.3 Correlation coefficient of heat wave indexes and NDVI in each sub-region |
WAS | EA | NE | N | C | S | SW | QT | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HWN | 0.73* | 0.50* | 0.41* | 0.35* | 0.42* | 0.35* | 0.62* | 0.70* |
HWD | 0.69* | 0.49* | 0.36* | 0.36* | 0.43* | 0.27 | 0.62* | 0.59* |
HWF | 0.73* | 0.53* | 0.40* | 0.35* | 0.43* | 0.33* | 0.63* | 0.68* |
HWA | 0.54* | 0.51* | 0.42* | 0.34* | 0.43* | 0.23 | 0.55* | 0.47* |
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