
CMADS数据对长江源区水文模拟的适用性研究
刘薇, 王海军, 陈翠英
CMADS数据对长江源区水文模拟的适用性研究
An Analysis of the Applicability of CMADS Data to Hydrological Simulation in the Source Region of the Yangtze River
中国大气同化数据集(CMADS)是基于多种气象场数据和气象站实测数据,耦合得到的支持中国区域范围内SWAT模型驱动的数据集。长江源区位于青藏高原中心地带,自然环境恶劣,水文气象站点分布较少。以长江源区4个气象站数据和CMADS数据分别作为驱动数据,验证CMADS数据在长江源区的适用性。研究发现:SWAT模型在长江源区具有一定适用性,率定期和验证期纳什效率系数分别为0.682和0.615。CMADS数据在长江源区适用性较差,模拟径流的纳什效率系数只有0.447。在长江源区CMADS降水数据相比实测降水数据质量较差,而气温数据质量较高。
The China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets(CMADS) is based on a variety of meteorological field data and meteorological station measured data, coupled to support the SWAT model-driven data set in China. The source region of the Yangtze River is located in the center of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the natural environment is bad, and the distribution of hydro-meteorological stations is less. Four meteorological station’s data and the CMADS data in the source region of the Yangtze River are used as driving data to verify the applicability of the CMADS data in the source region of the Yangtze River. It is found that the SWAT model has certain applicability in the source region of the Yangtze River. The Nash efficiency coefficients of the calibration and the validation period are 0.682 and 0.615 respectively. The CMADS data are poor in the source region of the Yangtze River. The Nash efficiency coefficient of the simulated runoff is only 0.447. Compared with the measured precipitation data, the quality of CMADS precipitation data in the source region of the Yangtze River is worse, but the quality of temperature data is better.
CMADS数据集 / SWAT模型 / 水文模拟 / 长江源区 / 青藏高原 {{custom_keyword}} /
CMADS data set / SWAT model / hydrological simulation / the source region of the Yangtze River / Tibetan Plateau {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 SWAT模型参数率定结果表Tab.1 The parameters calibration results of the SWAT model |
参数名 | 参数含义 | 参数优化方式 | 参数敏感性 | 初始范围 | 率定值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SOL_AWC(1).sol | 第一层土壤有效含水率 | R | 敏感 | -0.2~0.4 | 0.34 |
SOL_K(1).sol | 第一层土壤饱和水力传导度 | R | 敏感 | -0.8~0.8 | 0.13 |
CN2.mgt | SCS径流曲线数 | R | 不敏感 | -0.2~0.2 | 0.26 |
ALPHA_BF.gw | 基流消退系数 | V | 敏感 | 0~1 | 0.55 |
GW_DELAY.gw | 地下水延迟时间 | V | 不敏感 | 30~450 | 219 |
GWQMN.gw | 浅层地下水径流系数 | V | 敏感 | 0~2 | 0.70 |
GW_REVAP.gw | 地下水再蒸发系数 | V | 不敏感 | 0~0.2 | 0.05 |
ESCO.hru | 土壤蒸发补偿系数 | V | 敏感 | 0.8~1.0 | 0.81 |
CH_N2.rte | 河道曼宁系数 | V | 敏感 | 0~0.3 | 0.27 |
CH_K2.rte | 主河道水力传导率 | V | 不敏感 | 5~130 | 93.76 |
表2 长江源区率定期和验证期统计结果表Tab.2 Statics results of calibration and validation period in the source region of the Yangtze River |
时期 | Re /% | R 2 | NS |
---|---|---|---|
率定期 | 12.322 | 0.788 | 0.682 |
验证期 | 7.105 | 0.692 | 0.615 |
图5 CMADS数据与4气象站数据驱动下模拟径流对比Fig.5 Runoff comparison driven by CMADS and four meteorological stations data |
表3 径流模拟结果统计分析Tab.3 Statics of simulated runoff |
驱动数据 | Re | R 2 | NS |
---|---|---|---|
4气象站(2009-2016) | 14.563 | 0.678 | 0.633 |
CMADS (2009-2016) | -30.417 | 0.521 | 0.447 |
图6 实测降水与CMADS点降水比较Fig.6 Comparation between measured and CMADS points precipitation |
表4 实测降水与CMADS点降水统计分析Tab.4 Statics of measured and CMADS point precipitation |
降水 | Re /% | R 2 | NS |
---|---|---|---|
玉树&133-149 | 2.493 | 0.195 | -0.201 |
曲麻莱&137-144 | -19.355 | 0.218 | 0.089 |
沱沱河&138-131 | -25.78 | 0.093 | -0.243 |
伍道梁&142-133 | -43.504 | 0.001 | -0.457 |
表5 实测气温与CMADS点气温统计分析Tab.5 Statics of measured and CMADS point temperature |
实测&CMADS点 | 气温 | Re /% | R 2 | NS |
---|---|---|---|---|
玉树与&133-149 | T max | -13.654 | 0.95 | 0.89 |
T min | 56.006 | 0.908 | 0.876 | |
曲麻莱&137-144 | T max | -2.289 | 0.984 | 0.983 |
T min | 1.019 | 0.937 | 0.935 | |
沱沱河&138-131 | T max | -12.649 | 0.989 | 0.982 |
T min | 3.367 | 0.957 | 0.956 | |
伍道梁&142-133 | T max | -19.755 | 0.988 | 0.982 |
T min | 3.806 | 0.952 | 0.95 |
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