
基于多源DEM数据的小流域水文特征提取分析
韩萍, 王晋, 张相忠
基于多源DEM数据的小流域水文特征提取分析
Extraction and Analysis of Hydrological Characteristics in Small Watershed Based on Multisource DEM Data
水系路径、小流域边界、倾泄点位置等水文特征的高精度提取是进行水文特征分析的基础和前提。为了解决低分辨率SRTM DEM、ASTER GDEM等DEM(Digital Elevation Model)数据提取水文特征精度较低的问题,本研究首先基于InSAR(Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar)技术与Sentinel-1A的SLC影像数据得到空间分辨率与测高精相对较高的研究区DEM,然后对比分析基于不同DEM数据的小流域水文征提取结果,最终本研究主要得出以下结论:①基于SRTM DEM、ASTER GDEM及InSAR DEM的高程提取误差均值分别为8.1、8.5及3.7 m,其中InSAR DEM的高程提取精度最高;②基于SRTM DEM、ASTER GDEM及InSAR DEM提取6条干流水系路径的重合度分别为74.12%、85.50%及88.36%,重合度依次升高;③基于SRTM DEM、ASTER GDEM和InSAR DEM提取各水系倾泄点位置与实际倾泄点位置的均值误差分别为4.93、4.69及4.63 km,误差依次降低。
The high-precision extraction of hydrological characteristics, such as water system route, small watershed boundary and the position of pour point, is the basis and premise of accurate analysis of various hydrological characteristics. In order to solve the problem of low accuracy extraction results of hydrological feature based on low resolution DEM data (SRTM DEM, ASTER GDEM), this study first obtains relatively high accuracy DEM with spatial resolution and altimetry precision based on InSAR technology and Sentinel-1A/SLC data, and then compares and analyzes the extraction results of hydrological characteristics for small watershed based on different DEM data sources. Finally, the main conclusions of this study are as follows: ① Based on SRTM DEM, ASTER GDEM and InSAR DEM, the extraction errors of mean height of five sampling points are 8.1, 8.5 and 3.7 m respectively, and the InSAR DEM has the highest accuracy. ② Based on SRTM DEM, ASTER GDEM and InSAR DEM, the coincidence degrees of the six main water system routes are 74.12%, 85.50% and 88.36% respectively, and the coincidence degrees increases successively. ③ The mean error between the actual position of pour point and the extracted position of pour point from SRTM DEM, ASTER GDEM and InSAR DEM are 4.93, 4.69 and 4.63 km respectively, and the error decreases successively.
小流域 / 水文特征 / 干涉合成孔径雷达 / 数字高程模型 {{custom_keyword}} /
small watershed / hydrological characteristics / InSAR / DEM {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 各DEM测高精度对比Tab.1 Comparison of Altimetry accuracy of different DEM |
采样点 | 经度/(°) | 纬度/(°) | 实测值/m | SRTM DEM | ASTER GDEM | InSAR DEM | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
提取高程/m | 高程误差/m | 相对误差/% | 提取高程/m | 高程误差/m | 相对误差/% | 提取高程/m | 高程误差/m | 相对误差/% | ||||
平均误差 | - | 8.1 | 14.6 | - | 8.5 | 17.1 | - | 3.7 | 6.9 | |||
1 | 120.492 | 36.159 | 83.7 | 62.0 | -21.7 | -25.9 | 52.0 | -31.7 | -37.9 | 66.8 | -16.9 | -20.2 |
2 | 120.950 | 36.469 | 18.0 | 13.0 | -5.0 | -27.8 | 19.0 | 1.0 | 5.6 | 17.6 | -0.4 | -2.2 |
3 | 120.832 | 36.571 | 8.9 | 9.0 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 7.0 | -1.9 | -21.3 | 7.9 | -1.0 | -11.2 |
4 | 120.848 | 36.589 | 30.9 | 28.0 | -2.9 | -9.4 | 25.0 | -5.9 | -19.1 | 30.9 | 0 | 0 |
5 | 120.830 | 36.543 | 127.0 | 116.0 | -11.0 | -8.7 | 125.0 | -2.0 | -1.6 | 128.1 | 1.1 | 0.9 |
表2 实际干流水系与有效提取水系对比Tab.2 Comparison of actual trunk water system and effective extraction water system |
水系 | 实际水系长度/km | 有效提取水系长度/km | 模糊重合度/(km·%-1) | 重合度均值 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SRTM DEM | ASTER DEM | InSAR DEM | SRTM DEM | ASTER DEM | InSAR DEM | |||
重合度均值 | 74.12 | 85.50 | 88.36 | - | ||||
流浩河 | 34.63 | 33.11 | 31.33 | 32.24 | 95.61 | 90.47 | 93.10 | 93.06 |
桃源河 | 33.03 | 15.01 | 21.46 | 20.25 | 45.44 | 64.97 | 61.31 | 57.24 |
墨水河 | 38.49 | 29.27 | 34.03 | 37.43 | 76.05 | 88.41 | 97.25 | 87.23 |
周疃河 | 24.82 | 16.28 | 18.92 | 20.41 | 65.59 | 76.23 | 82.23 | 74.68 |
白沙河 | 35.77 | 30.50 | 35.01 | 34.58 | 85.27 | 97.88 | 96.67 | 93.27 |
张村河 | 23.94 | 18.37 | 22.76 | 23.84 | 76.73 | 95.07 | 99.58 | 90.46 |
表3 实际水系与提取水系对比结果 (km)Tab.3 Statistics result of actual water system and extracted water system |
水系 | 实际水系长度 | 提取水系倾泄点与实际倾泄点距离 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
SRTM DEM | ASTER GDEM | InSAR DEM | ||
倾泄点误差均值 | 4.93 | 4.69 | 4.63 | |
流浩河 | 34.63 | 2.61 | 0.96 | 2.67 |
桃源河 | 33.03 | 13.08 | 13.49 | 13.30 |
墨水河 | 38.49 | 2.76 | 4.05 | 2.82 |
周疃河 | 24.82 | 6.41 | 7.05 | 6.77 |
白沙河 | 35.77 | 4.69 | 1.91 | 2.07 |
张村河 | 23.94 | 0.01 | 0.67 | 0.17 |
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