
深圳河近期冲淤变化特征及防洪治理对策
冯志勇, 吴永妍, 王磊, 尹志, 章广越, 谈广鸣
深圳河近期冲淤变化特征及防洪治理对策
Recent Erosion and Deposition Patterns and Countermeasures for Flood Control in Shenzhen River
受深圳河治理工程和流域城市化影响,近年来深圳河河道形态及防洪能力发生了较大变化。基于实测水沙地形资料,系统分析了深圳河近期冲淤变化特征,并利用平面二维水沙数学模型,研究了不同河道清淤方案实施后深圳河防洪能力变化及回淤特性。结果表明:2007-2017年间深圳河发生快速回淤,累计淤积量达74.6 万m3,冲淤变化特征主要表现为主槽冲淤交替,边滩显著淤积,冲淤幅度自上而下逐渐减小。治理工程实施后水流挟沙能力下降是导致深圳河近期快速淤积的主要原因,而淤积速率则与河口涨潮量和上游来沙量有关。河道淤积导致深圳河防洪能力下降,深港两侧现状满足50年一遇防洪能力的河段占比分别仅有63.2%和56.8%。模型计算结果显示不同河道清淤方案实施后深圳河的防洪能力提升幅度基本与其回淤幅度成正比。从防洪效益和经济成本的角度,提出了深圳河防洪能力提升方案的优化建议。
The channel morphology and flood control capacity of Shenzhen River have changed significantly in the past decades owing to the Shenzhen River Regulation Project and river basin urbanization. Based on measured water, sediment, and bathymetric data, this paper systematically analyzes the recent erosion and deposition patterns of Shenzhen River and the changes of flood control capacity in Shenzhen River and its back-siltation characteristics after the implementation of different channel dredging schemes is explored by using a two-dimensional numerical model of flow and sediment. The results show that significant back-siltation occurred in Shenzhen River during 2007-2017, with an accumulated deposition volume of 74.6×104 m3. The morphological changes featured alternate channel erosion and deposition and consistent shoal deposition, with the magnitude of erosion and deposition gradually decreased from the upstream to the downstream. The reduced sediment transport capacity after the implementation of the Shenzhen River Regulation Project was the main reason of recent rapid deposition in Shenzhen River, and the deposition rate was associated with the flood tide discharge at the river mouth and the upstream sediment load. The flood control capacity of Shenzhen River decreased owing to channel deposition, the proportion of river section on the sides of Shenzhen and Hong Kong that currently meet the 50-year return period of flood control capacity are 63.2% and 56.8% respectively. Modeling results show that the improvement extent of flood control capacity of different channel dredging schemes is positively correlated with their back-siltation amount. The optimization suggestion for the improvement scheme of the flood control capacity of Shenzhen River is therefore given from the view of benefits of flood control and economic costs.
深圳河 / 河道淤积 / 防洪能力 / 数学模型 {{custom_keyword}} /
Shenzhen River / channel deposition / flood control capacity / numerical model {{custom_keyword}} /
图3 2007-2017年间深圳河冲淤变化过程Fig.3 Erosion and deposition patterns of Shenzhen River from 2007 to 2017 |
表1 2007-2017年间深圳河不同河段的冲淤量计算Tab.1 Sediment volume changes of different reaches in Shenzhen River from 2007 to 2017 |
河 段 | 时期 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2007-2009 | 2009-2011 | 2011-2013 | 2013-2015 | 2015-2017 | ||
一、二期工程河段 | 冲刷占比/% | 26.6 | 26.4 | 45.6 | 34.7 | 57.6 |
冲刷体积/万m3 | -6.6 | -7.6 | -18.0 | -11.6 | -55.0 | |
淤积占比/% | 73.4 | 73.6 | 54.4 | 65.3 | 42.4 | |
淤积体积/万m3 | 34.2 | 30.4 | 19.4 | 30.2 | 22.2 | |
三期工程河段 | 冲刷占比/% | 4.6 | 5.3 | 27.5 | 52.1 | 22.7 |
冲刷体积/万m3 | -0.2 | -0.2 | -1.6 | -2.2 | -0.8 | |
淤积占比/% | 95.4 | 94.7 | 72.5 | 47.9 | 77.3 | |
淤积体积/万m3 | 18.0 | 13.0 | 4.4 | 2.0 | 4.0 | |
整个区域 | 冲淤体积/万m3 | 45.6 | 35.8 | 4 | 18.6 | -29.4 |
速率/mm | 287.0 | 226.0 | 25.4 | 117.0 | -185.0 |
表2 不同清淤方案的实施范围和清淤幅度Tab.2 Dredging area and amount of different dredging schemes |
清淤方案 | 清淤范围/m | 清淤量/万m3 | 清淤深度/m | |
---|---|---|---|---|
短距离河段大幅度清淤 | F1 | 0~1 900 | 50.0 | 1.57 |
F2 | 1 900~3 800 | 50.0 | 1.85 | |
F3 | 3 800~6 000 | 50.0 | 1.65 | |
F4 | 6 000~8 500 | 50.0 | 1.81 | |
F5 | 6 900~9 500 | 50.0 | 1.95 | |
F6 | 9 500~13 465 | 50.0 | 2.74 | |
长距离河段小幅度清淤 | F7 | 1 500~5 000 | 50.0 | 1.00 |
F8 | 3 300~8 000 | 50.0 | 0.83 | |
F9 | 5 000~9 500 | 50.0 | 1.00 | |
全河段清淤 | F10 | 0~13 465 | 69.4 | 0.48 |
F11 | 0~13 465 | 138.8 | 0.96 | |
F12 | 0~13 465 | 208.2 | 1.45 |
表3 不同清淤方案实施一年后清淤河段的回淤量Tab.3 Calculation of back-silation volume of dredged reach after one year of implementing different dredging schemes |
清淤方案 | 清淤量/万m3 | 回淤量/万m3 | 回淤率/% | |
---|---|---|---|---|
短距离河段大幅度清淤 | F1 | 50.0 | 31.9 | 63.8 |
F2 | 50.0 | 29.9 | 59.8 | |
F3 | 50.0 | 24.5 | 48.9 | |
F4 | 50.0 | 15.6 | 31.3 | |
F5 | 50.0 | 16.2 | 32.4 | |
F6 | 50.0 | 10.7 | 21.5 | |
长距离河段小幅度清淤 | F7 | 50.0 | 29.7 | 59.5 |
F8 | 50.0 | 23.8 | 47.6 | |
F9 | 50.0 | 19.2 | 38.3 | |
全河段清淤 | F10 | 69.4 | 30.0 | 43.2 |
F11 | 138.8 | 43.4 | 31.3 | |
F12 | 208.2 | 54.6 | 26.2 |
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