
白洋淀流域农村河长制二元递进共治机制及途径研究
史艺萌, 苑紫彤, 王军
白洋淀流域农村河长制二元递进共治机制及途径研究
Research on the Dual Progressive Co-governance Mechanism and Approach of the Rural River Long System in Baiyangdian Watershed
白洋淀流域水治理进入河长制实施新时期,存在政策落地不彻底、公众参与不足等问题。基于乡村治理理论,以白洋淀淀区288份农户有效调研问卷为样本,运用二元logistic模型分析农户个人特征、心理认知、政府手段、权利保障对农户参与水环境治理意愿的影响,研究结果表明:①个人特征方面:农户个人特征对参与水环境治理意愿影响不显著;②心理认知方面:农户水治理付费意愿对参与水环境治理有显著负向影响,农户水环境治理现状认知对其影响不显著;③政策手段方面:农户对政府水治理政策和回应人民诉求的满意程度对参与水环境治理意愿有显著正向影响;④权利保障方面:政府对农户水环境民生权和知情权的保障对参与水环境治理意愿有显著正向影响,政府对水环境诉讼权的保障对其影响不显著。因此提出政府与农户参与二元水环境共治递进机制,以及政策横纵递进,农民参与“三民化”递进并渐向多元善治型升级的河长制演进路径。
The water management of the Baiyangdian River Basin has entered a new era of implementation of the river chief system, and there are problems such as the incomplete implementation of policies and insufficient public participation. Based on the theory of rural governance by using 288 effective survey questionnaires of farmers in Baiyangdiandian District as samples, the binary logistic model is used to analyze the impact of farmers′ personal characteristics, psychological cognition, government means, and right protection on farmers′ willingness to participate in water environment governance. The results show that: ① In terms of personal characteristics: the individual characteristics of farmers have no significant influence on the willingness to participate in water environment governance; ② In terms of psychological perception: the willingness of farmers to pay for water governance has a significant negative impact on participation in water environment governance; the current situation of farmers in water environment governance cognition has no significant impact on it; ③ In terms of policy measures: farmers′ satisfaction with government water governance policies and responses to people′s demands has a significant positive impact on their willingness to participate in water environment governance; ④ In terms of right protection: government′s treatment of farmers, the protection of the right to livelihood of the water environment and the right to know has a significant positive impact on the willingness to participate in water environment governance, and the government′s protection of the water environment litigation right has no significant impact on it. Therefore, it is proposed that the government and farmers participate in the dual water environment co-governance progressive mechanism, as well as the horizontal and vertical progress of policies, and the evolution path of the river chief system in which farmers participate in the "Three Peoples" and gradually upgrade to a multi-faceted good governance type.
白洋淀流域农村 / 河长制 / 政府与农户 / 递进共治 {{custom_keyword}} /
Baiyangdian River Basin, rural areas / river chief system / government and farmers / progressive co-governance {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 关于农户环境权力保障感知Tab.1 Perceptions of farmers' environmental rights protection |
变量名称和取值 | 占比/% | 均值 | 最小值 | 最大值 |
---|---|---|---|---|
政府有效保障了公民的环境民生权(水、空气、土地、等生存发展安全) | 74.3 | 0.75 | 0 | 1 |
政府有效保障了公民对水环境污染和治理的知情权 | 53.5 | 0.53 | 0 | 1 |
政府有效保障了公民对水环境治理的参与权 | 42.4 | 0.42 | 0 | 1 |
政府有效保障了公民对水环境治理的监督权 | 36.9 | 0.37 | 0 | 1 |
政府有效保障了公民对关系切身利益事项的决策权 | 32.6 | 0.33 | 0 | 1 |
政府有效保障了公民的环境诉讼权 | 36.5 | 0.36 | 0 | 1 |
表2 变量释义、赋值与预期作用方向Tab.2 Variable definition, assignment and expected action direction |
变量分类 | 变量代码 | 变量描述 | 变量赋值 | 预期效应 |
---|---|---|---|---|
因变量 | Y | 农户参与水环境治理意愿 | 1=愿意;0=不愿意 | |
自变量 | X | |||
个人特征 | X 1 | 性别 | 1=男;0=女 | - |
X 2 | 年龄 | 1=5~16岁,2=17~28岁, 3=29~50岁,4=50岁以上 | + | |
X 3 | 教育程度 | 1=未上学;2=小学;3=初中;4=高中;5=中专;6=职高技校;7=大专;8=本科 | + | |
心理认知 | X 4 | 对水环境治理现状认知 | 1=水质好、水量大;2=水质好、水量小;3=水质差,水量少;4=水质差、水量大5=完全不满意 | + |
X 5 | 水环境治理参与付费意愿 | 1=非常愿意;2=比较愿意;3=一般;4=不太愿意;5=不愿意5=完全不信任 | - | |
政府手段 | X 6 | 对政府水治理政策的满意程度 | 1=非常满意;2=比较满意;3=不太满意;4=很不满意;5=不清楚 | + |
X 7 | 对政府回应人民诉求的满意程度 | 1=非常满意;2=比较满意;3=不太满意;4=很不满意;5=不清楚 | + | |
X 8 | 对政府罚款力度的满意程度 | 1=非常满意;2=比较满意;3=不太满意;4=很不满意;5=不清楚 | + | |
权利保障 | X 9 | 政府对公民水环境民生权的保障 | 1=非常重要;2=比较重要;3=一般;4=不太重要;5=不重要 | + |
X 10 | 政府对公民水环境知情权的保障 | 1=非常重要;2=比较重要;3=一般;4=不太重要;5=不重要 | + | |
X 11 | 政府对公民水环境诉讼权的保障 | 1=非常重要;2=比较重要;3=一般;4=不太重要;5=不重要 | + |
表3 模型估计结果Tab.3 Model estimation results |
变量名称 | B | S.E. | Wald | df | Sig. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
个人特征 | 性别 | 0.089 | 0.461 | 0.037 | 1 | 0.847 |
年龄 | -0.474 | 0.348 | 1.857 | 1 | 0.173 | |
受教育程度 | 0.154 | 0.190 | 0.655 | 1 | 0.418 | |
心理认知 | 对水环境治理现状认知 | -0.061 | 0.177 | 0.120 | 1 | 0.729 |
水环境治理参与付费意愿 | -0.382 | 0.194 | 3.893 | 1 | 0.048 | |
政府手段 | 对政府水治理征费补偿政策的满意程度 | -0.732 | 0.220 | 11.087 | 1 | 0.001 |
对政府回应人民诉求的满意程度 | 0.548 | 0.255 | 4.612 | 1 | 0.032 | |
对政府罚款力度的满意程度 | -0.469 | 0.278 | 2.854 | 1 | 0.091 | |
权利保障 | 政府对公民水环境民生权的保障 | 0.581 | 0.191 | 9.234 | 1 | 0.002 |
政府对公民水环境知情权的保障 | 0.662 | 0.314 | 4.441 | 1 | 0.035 | |
政府对公民水环境诉讼权的保障 | -0.475 | 0.282 | 2.846 | 1 | 0.092 | |
常量 | 7.349 | 2.200 | 11.162 | 1 | 0.001 | |
模型拟合结果 | ||||||
-2Likelihood=144.115 Cox&Snell R 2=0.244 NagelkerkeR 2=0.448 df=0.004 |
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