
江苏省ET 0和降水预报准确度分析
陈岗, 王卫光, 丁一民, 童山琳
江苏省ET 0和降水预报准确度分析
An Analysis of the Accuracy of ET 0 and Precipitation Forecast in Jiangsu Province
以江苏省为研究区域,收集了中国天气网2019-2020年逐日15 d天气预报数据,以实际温度数据与HS公式计算出的ET 0值为基准,采用RMSE、MAE等指标对ET 0预报效果进行了分析,采用准确率、漏报率、空报率以及ROC曲线等指标对降水预报进行了评价。结果表明:日低温预报的准确率比日高温预报的高,在相同天数的预报,准确率相差10%左右,江苏省未来1~7 d气温预报误差的RMSE值均在4.0 oC 以下,MAE值均在2.0 oC以下,可以用于计算ET 0预报值;江苏全省未来1~7 d ET 0预报误差的MAE值均在1.5
By taking Jiangsu Province as the research area, this paper collects 15-day weather forecast data from China Weather Network for 2019-2020 based on the actual temperature data and the ET0 value calculated by the HS formula, and uses RMSE, MAE and other indicators to evaluate the ET 0 forecast effect. The precipitation forecast is analyzed and evaluated by using indicators such as accuracy rate, false negative rate, false alarm rate and ROC curve. The results show that the accuracy of daily low temperature forecasts is higher than that of daily high temperature forecasts. The accuracy of forecasts for the same number of days differs by about 10%. The RMSE value of the forecast error of the future 1~7 weather in Jiangsu Province is below 4.0 oC, and the MAE value values below 2.0 oC can be used to calculate the ET 0 forecast; the MAE values of the ET 0 forecast errors in the next 1~7 days in Jiangsu Province are all within 1.5 mm/d, and the RMSE values are basically within 2 mm/d The forecast accuracy in the eastern part is higher than that in the central and western parts; the ROC curve of the precipitation forecast for the next 14 days in Jiangsu Province is above the diagonal, which is of forecast value. The future precipitation forecast in Jiangsu Province underreports the precipitation of moderate rain and above. The lowest rate and empty report rate are 0.08 and 0.34, respectively, and the province’s forecast accuracy rate for the next day reaches 0.9. The accuracy rate of precipitation forecasts for the next 14 days is not much different from north to south.
温度预报 / 参考作物蒸发腾发量预报 / 降水预报 / 准确度 {{custom_keyword}} /
temperature forecast / reference crop evapotranspiration forecast / precipitation forecast / accuracy {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 江苏省各农业区HS公式逐月的校正系数建议值Tab.1 Recommended values of monthly correction coefficients of HS in Jiangsu′s agricultural regions |
农业分区 | 1月 | 2月 | 3月 | 4月 | 5月 | 6月 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | b | a | b | a | b | a | b | a | b | a | b | ||||||
C3 | -0.25 | 1.56 | -0.18 | 1.26 | -1.44 | 1.64 | 0 | 1.00 | -3.54 | 1.66 | -3.61 | 1.56 | |||||
E1 | -0.14 | 1.26 | 0 | 1.00 | 0 | 1.00 | 0 | 1.00 | 0 | 1.00 | -2.90 | 1.49 | |||||
农业分区 | 7月 | 8月 | 9月 | 10月 | 11月 | 12月 | |||||||||||
a | b | a | b | a | b | a | b | a | b | a | b | ||||||
C3 | -3.70 | 1.68 | 0 | 1.00 | -2.11 | 1.56 | -1.27 | 1.54 | -0.73 | 1.68 | -0.60 | 1.99 | |||||
E1 | 0 | 1.00 | 0 | 1.00 | 0 | 1.00 | -0.98 | 1.50 | -0.42 | 1.41 | -0.24 | 1.42 |
表2 天气状况分类Tab.2 Classification of weather conditions |
无雨 | 有雨 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
晴 | 晴转阴 | 阴 | 小雨 | 中雨 | 大雨 | 暴雨 |
表3 预报的混淆矩阵Tab.3 Forecast confusion matrix |
真实 | 预报 | |
---|---|---|
是 | 否 | |
是 | TP | FN |
否 | FP | TN |
表4 江苏省全年温度预报指标Tab.4 Annual temperature forecast indicators in Jiangsu Province |
预见期/d | 最高温度 | 最低温度 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
准确率S1 | 准确率S2 | RMSE/℃ | MAE/℃ | r | 准确率S1 | 准确率S2 | RMSE/℃ | MAE/℃ | r | |
1 | 0.73 | 0.84 | 3.02 | 1.29 | 0.94 | 0.83 | 0.96 | 1.18 | 0.91 | 0.99 |
2~4 | 0.52 | 0.70 | 3.45 | 1.51 | 0.92 | 0.61 | 0.82 | 1.93 | 1.20 | 0.97 |
5~7 | 0.38 | 0.57 | 4.07 | 1.71 | 0.89 | 0.47 | 0.69 | 2.63 | 1.41 | 0.95 |
8~10 | 0.32 | 0.51 | 4.46 | 1.82 | 0.87 | 0.39 | 0.60 | 3.02 | 1.54 | 0.93 |
11~14 | 0.26 | 0.42 | 4.98 | 1.96 | 0.84 | 0.33 | 0.52 | 3.66 | 1.69 | 0.90 |
平均值 | 0.44 | 0.61 | 4.00 | 1.66 | 0.89 | 0.53 | 0.72 | 2.48 | 1.35 | 0.95 |
表5 江苏省12个月份未来7 d温度预报评价指标Tab.5 Evaluation Index of Temperature Forecast for the next 7 days in Jiangsu Province in 12 Months |
月份 | 最高温度 | 最低温度 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
准确率S1 | 准确率S2 | RMSE/℃ | MAE/℃ | 准确率S1 | 准确率S2 | RMSE/℃ | MAE/℃ | |
1 | 0.55 | 0.74 | 2.70 | 1.90 | 0.61 | 0.82 | 1.90 | 1.43 |
2 | 0.51 | 0.74 | 2.48 | 1.87 | 0.53 | 0.75 | 2.24 | 1.72 |
3 | 0.50 | 0.68 | 3.09 | 2.25 | 0.54 | 0.74 | 2.47 | 1.86 |
4 | 0.44 | 0.62 | 4.06 | 2.80 | 0.54 | 0.75 | 2.28 | 1.74 |
5 | 0.47 | 0.65 | 3.13 | 2.32 | 0.58 | 0.79 | 2.12 | 1.60 |
6 | 0.29 | 0.42 | 5.24 | 4.08 | 0.62 | 0.84 | 1.83 | 1.39 |
7 | 0.29 | 0.42 | 4.57 | 3.67 | 0.66 | 0.86 | 1.72 | 1.30 |
8 | 0.47 | 0.61 | 4.12 | 2.90 | 0.71 | 0.89 | 1.52 | 1.15 |
9 | 0.62 | 0.82 | 2.38 | 1.57 | 0.67 | 0.87 | 1.69 | 1.27 |
10 | 0.55 | 0.66 | 4.48 | 2.92 | 0.57 | 0.77 | 2.18 | 1.65 |
11 | 0.53 | 0.69 | 4.12 | 2.54 | 0.51 | 0.71 | 2.63 | 1.98 |
12 | 0.62 | 0.81 | 2.68 | 1.65 | 0.54 | 0.75 | 2.27 | 1.73 |
表6 江苏省12个月未来7 d参考作物蒸发腾发量预报指标Tab.6 Reference crop evapotranspiration forecast index for the next 7 days in 12 months in Jiangsu Province |
月份 | RMSE | MAE | r | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 d | 2~4 d | 5~7 d | 1 d | 2~4 d | 5~7 d | 1 d | 2~4 d | 5~7 d | |
1 | 0.49 | 0.67 | 0.72 | 0.36 | 0.50 | 0.57 | 0.81 | 0.69 | 0.50 |
2 | 0.46 | 0.85 | 1.03 | 0.35 | 0.65 | 0.80 | 0.91 | 0.72 | 0.57 |
3 | 0.73 | 1.12 | 1.65 | 0.53 | 0.87 | 1.29 | 0.92 | 0.81 | 0.54 |
4 | 0.76 | 1.61 | 2.16 | 0.57 | 1.24 | 1.67 | 0.91 | 0.69 | 0.46 |
5 | 1.09 | 2.34 | 2.93 | 0.83 | 1.75 | 2.27 | 0.91 | 0.67 | 0.62 |
6 | 1.84 | 3.10 | 3.50 | 1.42 | 2.39 | 2.78 | 0.90 | 0.67 | 0.56 |
7 | 1.29 | 1.90 | 2.24 | 1.03 | 1.52 | 1.82 | 0.67 | 0.58 | 0.17 |
8 | 0.90 | 1.42 | 1.86 | 0.66 | 1.11 | 1.45 | 0.88 | 0.67 | 0.46 |
9 | 0.74 | 1.29 | 1.57 | 0.56 | 1.00 | 1.22 | 0.89 | 0.69 | 0.59 |
10 | 0.79 | 1.08 | 1.32 | 0.56 | 0.83 | 1.03 | 0.80 | 0.60 | 0.42 |
11 | 0.53 | 0.78 | 1.08 | 0.41 | 0.62 | 0.85 | 0.95 | 0.89 | 0.76 |
12 | 0.44 | 0.64 | 0.82 | 0.33 | 0.50 | 0.65 | 0.90 | 0.81 | 0.69 |
表7 江苏省12个月份未来7 d降水预报评价指标Tab.7 Evaluation indexes of precipitation forecast for the next 7 days in Jiangsu Province in 12 months |
月份 | 准确率 | 漏报率 | 空报率 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
晴 | 晴转阴 | 阴 | 小雨 | 中雨 | 大雨 | 暴雨 | 晴 | 晴转阴 | 阴 | 小雨 | 中雨 | 大雨 | 暴雨 | ||
1 | 0.67 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.55 | 0.14 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0.84 | 0.91 | 0.42 | 0.54 | 0.91 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
2 | 0.81 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.31 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.41 | 0.46 | 0.94 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
3 | 0.88 | 0.22 | 0.19 | 0.33 | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0.69 | 0.81 | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.90 | 0.99 | 0.99 |
4 | 0.79 | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.48 | 0.18 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0 | 0.78 | 0.79 | 0.45 | 0.47 | 0.93 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
5 | 0.80 | 0.19 | 0.26 | 0.47 | 0.16 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0 | 0.87 | 0.77 | 0.39 | 0.67 | 0.95 | 0.99 | 1.00 |
6 | 0.69 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.68 | 0.38 | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 0.96 | 0.84 | 0.16 | 0.72 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 0.99 |
7 | 0.49 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.73 | 0.26 | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 0.33 | 0.81 | 0.97 | 0.98 | 1.00 |
8 | 0.65 | 0.27 | 0.13 | 0.56 | 0.17 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.78 | 0.92 | 0.43 | 0.64 | 0.98 | 0.99 | 1.00 |
9 | 0.80 | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.63 | 0.14 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0 | 0.84 | 0.81 | 0.23 | 0.59 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 1.00 |
10 | 0.89 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.51 | 0.06 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.35 | 0.52 | 0.94 | 0.95 | 0.95 |
11 | 0.71 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.32 | 0.13 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0.71 | 0.81 | 0.56 | 0.45 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
12 | 0.79 | 0.24 | 0.19 | 0.25 | 0.12 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0.61 | 0.79 | 0.41 | 0.43 | 0.94 | 0.99 | 0.99 |
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