
碾盘山水电枢纽通航条件优化模型试验研究
沈立群, 陈雷
碾盘山水电枢纽通航条件优化模型试验研究
Experimental Research on the Optimization Model of Navigation Condition of Nianpanshan Hydropower Station
受枢纽布置、通航建筑物等边界条件的影响,引航道口门及连接段水流条件复杂,常难以满足船舶通航要求,影响通航安全。根据碾盘山水电枢纽工程布置、河道特性,在原有设计方案基础上,针对枢纽下泄流量为500、1 200、2 700、5 000、12 000、13 500 m3/s 6种条件,建立物理模型试验研究通航水流条件,提出能够满足Ⅲ级航道通航水流条件要求的引航道优化方案;同时进行动床河工模型试验,研究泥沙淤积对船闸上下游引航道通航水流条件影响,并提出减淤措施及建议。研究成果可以为类似水电枢纽通航条件优化设计及通航论证提供依据,对类似工程具有指导意见。
Due to the restrain of general layout, navigation structures, and other boundary conditions, the flow condition at the entrance area of approach channel is complicated, which hardly meets the navigation requirements. In this paper, based on the layout and river characteristics of Nianpanshan Hydropower Station, under the flow discharge of 500, 1 200, 2 700, 5 000, 12 000, 13 500 m3/s, the physical model is used to study the navigation condition. The conclusion that the optimization scheme can meet the flow conditions of the entrance area of the approach channel and the navigation requirements of class Ⅲ class waterway is obtained. At the same time, movable bed river physical model is tested to analyze the influence of sediment deposition on navigation conditions of the entrance area of approach channel. It is concluded that the navigation can be guaranteed within 10 years after the station running normally, and giving the measures to reduce the sediment deposition. The research results in this paper can provide the optimal design and demonstration of navigation conditions of hydropower stations, and provide reference for similar projects.
水利枢纽 / 引航道 / 通航水流条件 / 减淤措施 {{custom_keyword}} /
hydropower station / approach channel / navigable water flow condition / sedimentation reduction measures {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 模型比尺汇总表Tab.1 Summary table of model ratio |
水流运动相似比尺 | 悬移质运动相似比尺 | ||
---|---|---|---|
几何比尺 | 90.000 | 沉速比尺 | 9.487 |
流速比尺 | 9.487 | 粒径比尺 | 0.536 |
糙率比尺 | 2.117 | 干容重比尺 | 2.440 |
流量比尺 | 7.684×105 | 含沙量比尺 | 0.076 |
时间比尺 | 9.487 | 变形时间比尺 | 305.2 |
表2 模型验证Tab.2 Model validation |
流量/(m3·s-1) | 实测水位/m | 模型水位/m | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
坝址上游1.5 km | 坝址处 | 坝址下游2.44 km | 坝址上游1.5 km | 坝址处 | 坝址下游2.44 km | |
2 240 | 42.49 | 42.30 | 42.08 | 42.52(+0.03) | 42.19(-0.11) | 42.08 |
8 000 | 45.09 | 44.87 | 44.68 | 45.25(+0.16) | 44.88(+0.01) | 44.68 |
19 700 | 48.89 | 48.00 | 47.42 | 48.82(-0.07) | 47.90(-0.10) | 47.42 |
表3 碾盘山水利枢纽特征流量Tab.3 Characteristic flow of Nianpanshan hydropower station |
编号 | 流量Q/(m3·s-1) | 坝上游水位/m | 下游尾门处水位/m | 备注 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 500 | 50.32(死水位) | 39.02 | |
2 | 1 200 | 40.20 | 39.92 | 生态调度流量 |
3 | 2 700 | 50.32 | 42.45 | 电站满发流量 |
4 | 5 000 | 50.32 | 43.56 | 临界流量 |
5 | 12 000 | 48.06 | 45.72 | 临界流量 |
6 | 13 500 | 46.82 | 46.31 | 最大通航流量 |
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