
湖南省农田水利设施治理效率及影响因素研究
刘辉, 吴敏
湖南省农田水利设施治理效率及影响因素研究
Analysis of Management Performance of Farmland Water Conservancy Facilities in Hunan Province-based on the Three-stage SBM-malmquist Index
农田水利设施治理效率与农村经济高质量发展密切相关,在保障人民群众切身利益和农业可持续发展上发挥着重要的作用。选取2012-2021年湖南省14个市(州)的面板数据,采用三阶段SBM与Malmquist指数相结合的方法,从静态与动态两个视角对农田水利设施的治理效率进行分析,并在此基础上运用固定效应模型,进一步探讨治理效率的影响因素。研究表明:在剔除环境因素与随机误差后,农民专业合作社、农户人均收入、地区生产总值和城市化水平对农田水利设施治理效率有积极性的影响,过量的堤防建设会弱化农田水利设施治理效率;调整后湖南省的农田水利治理效率趋于稳定,纯技术效率和规模效率则有不同程度的增长;2012-2021年湖南省农田水利设施的全要素生产率呈现“U型”波动增长,长株潭地区全要素生产率的增长最快,湘南地区增速最慢,出现极端值的原因主要是技术进步变化指数的变动;农业种植结构、农村居民文盲率、经济发展水平和财政分权度对农田水利治理效率有负面影响。
The management efficiency of farmland water conservancy facilities is closely related to the high-quality development of rural economy, and plays an important role in protecting the vital interests of the people and the sustainable development of agriculture. In this paper, the panel data of 14 cities (prefectures) in Hunan Province from 2012 to 2021 are selected, and the three-stage SBM and Malmquist index are combined to analyze the governance efficiency of farmland water conservancy facilities from both static and dynamic perspectives. On this basis, the fixed-effect model is used to further explore the influencing factors of governance efficiency. The results show that: after eliminating environmental factors and random errors, farmers' professional cooperatives, farmers' per capita income, regional GDP and urbanization level have positive effects on the management efficiency of farmland water conservancy facilities, and excessive dike construction will weaken the management efficiency of farmland water conservancy facilities. After adjustment, the efficiency of farmland water conservancy management in Hunan Province tends to be stable, while pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency have increased in different degrees. From 2012 to 2021, the total factor productivity of farmland water conservancy facilities in Hunan Province showed a “U-shaped” fluctuation growth, and the growth rate of total factor productivity in Chang-Zhu-Tan region was the fastest, while that in southern Hunan was the slowest. The extreme value was mainly due to the change of technological progress change index. The structure of agricultural planting, the illiteracy rate of rural residents, the level of economic development and the degree of fiscal decentralization have negative effects on the efficiency of farmland water conservancy management.
农田水利 / 治理效率 / 三阶段SBM-Malmquist 指数 / 固定效应模型 {{custom_keyword}} /
farmland water conservancy / governance efficiency / three stages SBM-Malmquist index / fixed effect model {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 湖南省农田水利设施评价的相关变量及统计性描述Tab.1 Relevant variables and statistical descriptions of evaluationof farmland water conservancy facilities in Hunan Province |
变量类型 | 名称 | 符号 | 均值 | 标准差 |
---|---|---|---|---|
投入变量 | 农村劳动力资源/万人 | X1 | 236.45 | 90.85 |
农用排灌动力机械/万个 | X2 | 33.68 | 71.32 | |
政府农林水投入/亿元 | X3 | 50.15 | 22.37 | |
产出变量 | 粮食作物产量/亿t | Y1 | 240.24 | 90.36 |
水土流失治理面积/万hm2 | Y2 | 24.625 | 9.164 | |
环境变量 | 农民专业合作社/万个 | Z1 | 0.29 | 0.17 |
农民人均收入/万元 | Z2 | 1.32 | 0.55 | |
已建堤防/万m | Z3 | 141.64 | 103.78 | |
地区生产总值GDP/亿元 | Z4 | 245.41 | 111.82 | |
城市化水平/% | Z5 | 52.38 | 10.05 |
表2 2012-2021年湖南省各产出与投入变量的Spearman相关性检验Tab.2 Spearman correlation test of output and input variablesin Hunan Province from 2012 to 2020 |
变量 | Y1 | Y2 | X1 | X2 | X3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Y1 | 1.000 | ||||
Y2 | -0.044 | 1.000 | |||
X1 | 0.755*** | 0.108 | 1.000 | ||
X2 | 0.540*** | -1.147 | 0.444*** | 1.000 | |
X3 | 0.538*** | 0.498*** | 0.491*** | 0.171* | 1.000 |
表3 一阶段在2012-2021年湖南省农田水利治理的分解效率Tab.3 Decomposition efficiency of farmland water conservancy management in Hunan Province during the first stage from 2012 to 2021 |
板块 | 市(州) | 综合技术效率 | 纯技术效率 | 规模效率 |
---|---|---|---|---|
长株潭城市群 | 长沙 | 0.831 | 0.945 | 0.909 |
株洲 | 1.130 | 1.234 | 0.934 | |
湘潭 | 0.881 | 1.109 | 0.794 | |
洞庭湖地区 | 岳阳 | 0.946 | 1.006 | 0.939 |
常德 | 0.927 | 1.186 | 0.794 | |
益阳 | 0.970 | 1.013 | 0.959 | |
湘南地区 | 衡阳 | 0.946 | 1.153 | 0.900 |
郴州 | 0.631 | 0.647 | 0.973 | |
永州 | 0.917 | 1.810 | 0.676 | |
大湘西地区 | 湘西自治州 | 1.101 | 1.863 | 0.633 |
张家界 | 1.278 | 1.613 | 0.794 | |
怀化 | 0.843 | 1.772 | 0.697 | |
邵阳 | 0.695 | 0.824 | 0.865 | |
娄底 | 0.724 | 0.896 | 0.833 | |
湖南省平均值 | - | 0.916 | 1.219 | 0.836 |
表4 二阶段的SFA回归结果汇总Tab.4 Summary of SFA regression results in the second stage |
因变量自变量 | X 1松弛变量 | X 2松弛变量 | X 3松弛变量 |
---|---|---|---|
常数项 | -21.76*** (-21.76) | 35.25*** (3.65) | 10.89** (2.19) |
Z 1 | 9.45*** (9.45) | -55.03*** (-17.85) | -0.67 (-0.09) |
Z 2 | 10.86*** (10.86) | -5.61 (-0.93) | 3.69 (0.83) |
Z 3 | 0.09 (0.09) | -0.01 (-0.94) | 0.01 (0.99) |
Z 4 | -0.09 (-0.09) | 0.03** (2.44) | -0.01 (-0.68) |
Z 5 | 0.28 (0.28) | -0.34 (-1.29) | -0.28* (-1.74) |
| 8.77*** (8.77) | 0.70*** (2.64) | 0.49*** (2.66) |
| 0.05 (0.05) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) |
Log likelihood | -34.84 | -17.34 | -14.89 |
表5 三阶段调整下的2012-2021年湖南省农田水利治理的分解效率Tab.5 Decomposition efficiency of farmland water conservancymanagement in Hunan Province from 2012 to 2021under three-stage adjustment |
板块 | 市(州) | 综合技术效率 | 纯技术效率 | 规模效率 |
---|---|---|---|---|
长株潭城市群 | 长沙 | 0.748 | 0.841 | 0.895 |
株洲 | 0.753 | 1.022 | 0.736 | |
湘潭 | 1.685 | 1.570 | 0.545 | |
洞庭湖地区 | 岳阳 | 0.859 | 0.928 | 0.927 |
常德 | 1.353 | 1.295 | 1.040 | |
益阳 | 0.676 | 0.835 | 0.824 | |
湘南地区 | 衡阳 | 0.834 | 0.907 | 0.922 |
郴州 | 0.645 | 0.778 | 0.831 | |
永州 | 0.894 | 0.957 | 0.938 | |
大湘西地区 | 湘西自治州 | 1.123 | 1.094 | 1.016 |
张家界 | 0.793 | 1.039 | 0.763 | |
怀化 | 0.943 | 0.999 | 0.951 | |
邵阳 | 0.759 | 0.833 | 0.917 | |
娄底 | 0.482 | 0.751 | 0.680 | |
湖南省平均值 | - | 0.896 | 0.989 | 0.856 |
表6 2012-2021年湖南省农田水利设施 Malmquist 指数及分解Tab.6 Malmquist index and decomposition of farmland water conservancy facilities in Hunan Province from 2012 to 2021 |
板块 | 市(州) | 技术效率变化指数 | 技术进步变化指数 | 纯技术效率变化指数 | 规模效率变化指数 | 全要素生产率变化指数 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
长株潭城市群 | 长沙 | 1.273 | 1.009 | 1.398 | 0.989 | 1.297 |
株洲 | 0.998 | 1.004 | 1.030 | 0.984 | 1.000 | |
湘潭 | 1.031 | 0.911 | 0.988 | 1.039 | 0.955 | |
洞庭湖地区 | 岳阳 | 1.030 | 0.959 | 1.014 | 1.014 | 0.995 |
常德 | 1.033 | 0.970 | 1.067 | 1.019 | 1.008 | |
益阳 | 1.034 | 0.930 | 1.046 | 0.985 | 0.955 | |
湘南地区 | 衡阳 | 1.059 | 0.966 | 0.975 | 1.144 | 1.019 |
郴州 | 1.067 | 1.006 | 1.063 | 1.001 | 1.072 | |
永州 | 0.972 | 1.071 | 1.044 | 1.378 | 0.977 | |
大湘西地区 | 湘西自治州 | 1.027 | 1.068 | 1.026 | 1.089 | 1.110 |
张家界 | 1.066 | 1.079 | 1.015 | 1.037 | 1.097 | |
怀化 | 0.972 | 1.071 | 1.044 | 1.378 | 0.977 | |
邵阳 | 0.996 | 0.944 | 1.023 | 1.049 | 0.935 | |
娄底 | 1.002 | 0.941 | 1.079 | 0.940 | 0.923 | |
湖南省平均值 | - | 1.040 | 0.995 | 1.058 | 1.075 | 1.023 |
表7 湖南省农田水利设施治理效率影响因素的固定效应回归结果Tab.7 Fixed effect regression results of factors affecting the efficiency of farmland water conservancy facilities in Hunan Province |
变量 | TE | PTE | SE |
---|---|---|---|
Aps | -1.028*** (-2.78) | -1.899** (-1.76) | 0.174 (0.62) |
Irf | -0.135* (-1.19) | 0.370* (-1.05) | -0.223*** (-2.41) |
GDP | -0.361** (-1.57) | -1.287** (-1.89) | 0.155 (0.87) |
Fd | -0.563 (-0.15) | -4.004 (-0.35) | 2.266 (0.75) |
_Cons | 2.070*** (4.63) | 3.870*** (2.93) | 0.459* (1.33) |
Sigma_u | 0.222 | 0.539 | 0.123 |
Sigma_e | 0.200 | 0.585 | 0.153 |
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