In this paper，three small watersheds of Liubu Town are selected as the research object，and the model of flood submerging simulation is established by using MIKE 11 software． It has completed the flood submerging simulation and analysis of different flood magnitude．The five simulation schemes are determined． And then the model is used to simulate the flood submerging process under the five modes． The flood inundation results including submerged water surface line of different magnitude，the flood peak flow，submerged water level and submerged water depth are obtained．The main conclusions are as follows: all parameters meet the accuracy requirements，which can be used for further modeling． The model simulation results accord with the law of river flood evolution． It can provide a data support and reference basis for the flood control evaluation and early warning in this area．

In order to study the effects of water － fertilizer coupling on greenhouse grape yield，water use efficiency and fertilizer partial productivity under drip irrigation，taking the early maturing grape variety“6－12”as the research object，and field trials of different water and fertilizer treatments are conducted in the wind－sand area of northern Shaanxi． There are three irrigation levels with irrigation depth of W1( 3 810 m3 / hm2) ，W2( 3 080 m3 / hm2) and W3( 2 280 m3 / hm2) ．Three fertilization levels including F1( 930 kg / hm2) ，F2( 840 kg / hm2) ，F3( 750 kg / hm2) ，and there were 9 treatments completely combined with 3 replicates per treatment． The results show that the effect of irrigation quantity on grape yield，water use efficiency，and partial productivity of fertilizer is more than that of fertilizer amount． Fertilizer had a significant effect on the partial productivity of fertilizer． Grape yield，water use efficiency，and partial productivity of fertilizer are affected by the interaction of water and fertilizer． Increasing the amount of water and fertilizer in the range is conducive to the increase of yield and utilization of water and fertilizer，but excessive water and fertilizer supply will bring about a significant negative effect． A functional model is established between irrigation quantity fertilizer amount and grape yield，water use efficiency，and partial productivity of fertilizers，which all reaches significant levels and can better reflect the relationship between water quantity and fertilizer amount and grape yield，water use efficiency，and fertilizer partial productivity． Through computer simulation and optimization，comprehensive consideration is given to grape yield，water use efficiency，and partial productivity of fertilizers． The appropriate amount of water and fertilizer for greenhouse grape cultivation in this region is: irrigation quantity 2 784 ～ 3 462 m3 / hm2，and fertilization amount 784 ～ 893 kg / hm2．

The accurate simulation of reference crop evapotranspiration ( ET0 ) is an important basis for intelligent irrigation，efficient utilization of water resources in farmland and optimal scheduling of water resources． With the lack of meteorological data，to enhance the simulation accuracy of ET0 in the arid regions of Northwest China effectively，4 representative sites are selected，the ET0 calculations of the FAO 56 Penman Monteith ( P－M) model are set as the values of standard，and then 27 kinds of extreme learning machine model ( extreme learning machine，ELM，respectively for the ELM－sini，ELM－radj，ELM－hardk ) are built based on 3 activation functions( “sin”“radbas” and“hardlim”) ． Next，the results of the simulation are compared together with the models of Hargreaves－Samani ( H－S) ，Makkink ( MK) and Irmark－Allen ( I－A) ． The results are as follows: in the case of ELM－sin7( input u2，Tmax and Tmin ) model，the value of Ｒ2 and NSE are more than 0．96，while the ＲMSE is less than 0．35 mm/ d． This model gets the fourth greatest GPI among all the models，indicating its higher accuracy． For the models of ELM－rad5( input Tmax，Tmin and n) and ELM－sin8( input Tmax and Tmin ) ，the values of Ｒ2 and NSE are more than 0．78 and 0．76，while ＲMSE is less than 0．93 mm/ d． As for H－S，MK and I－A models，the values of Ｒ2 and NSE are less than 0．77 and 0．63，while their ＲMSE is more than 1．00 mm/ d． Thus，the ELM－rad5 and ELM－sin8 models are obviously more accurate compared with the other physical models under the same input． What＇s more，it is discovered that with the ELM－sin7 model，when the number of hidden layer nodes are from 60 to 100，the model has the highest accuracy，and the results of ELM－sin7 model portability show that ELM－sin7 model in the arid north－western China has simulation accuracy based on different sites＇ data． Therefore，under the same input of meteorological factor combination，the simulation accuracy of ELM－sini and ELM－radj models are remarkably higher than that of ELM－hardk ． And ELM－sin7 model has the highest accuracy among those models，which can be suitable for the ET0 simulation in the arid northwest area when the meteorological factors are not rich． In addition，compared with the traditional physical models，the ELM－rad5 model has a better applicability in the arid northwest when just the input temperature and the hours of sunshine are known． And the ELM－sin8 model is more suitable when temperature is the only meteorological factor provided．

With the rapid development of economy and society and the increasing demands for the construction of Water-saving Irrigation District, the "assessment standard of water-saving Irrigation District" (2011), which was promulgated by Ningxia Water Conservancy Department, has been unable to meet the requirements of the assessment and evaluation of the current Water-saving Irrigation district because of the unreasonable evaluation index setting and the low evaluation standard. Based on the analysis of the research results of water-saving irrigation areas and the characteristics of water use in Ningxia irrigation area, the evaluation criteria of water-saving irrigation area were improved by setting up evaluation indexes, refining the grading criteria and optimizing the values of each index, and finally, 14 evaluation indexes were determined. Based on the example of thousand Mu of medlar Garden in Tongxing juhuatai, 333.33hm2 of high efficiency water-saving irrigation demonstration area of Tian Lang Company in Yanchi fengjigou, the application of the established evaluation criteria were evaluated. The results show that two demonstration areas can be evaluated as water-saving irrigation area, which indicates that the evaluation standard is scientific and reasonable. The establishment of the standard of water-saving irrigation area is of great significance to guide and standardize the construction of Water-saving Irrigation District in Ningxia and to promote water conservation in irrigated area.

Crop growth simulation can overcome the deficiencies in field experiments and provide references for water － saving and yield increase in rice cultivation． In this paper，OＲYZA_V3 model is calibrated and validated based on the field experiment data of the Jiangxi Provincial Irrigation Experiment Central Station． The model is used to simulate the growth of early and late season rice in the experimental area under different irrigation modes during the period of 1961 － 2016． Then，the yield，irrigation quota，number of irrigation，evapotranspiration，rainfall utilization rate and water productivity of the early and late season rice in dry，normal and wet years are analyzed．Acoording to the results: reducing the lower limit of moisture before irrigation in a certain range can increase the yield，the rainfall utilization rate and the water productivity of early and late season rice，which can also reduce the irrigation quotas and irrigation times． When the lower limit of moisture before irrigation decline to certain level，the yield increasing rate of early and late rice will decrease． From the perspective of increasing water production，severe drought water － saving irrigation mode ( the lower limit of soil moisture content before tillage irrigation accounts for 65% of saturated water content) is recommended for planting early season rice in wet or normal years，and milddle drought water－saving irrigation mode ( the lower limit of soil moisture content before tillage irrigation accounts for 75% of saturated water content) is recommended for planting early season rice in dry years which can increases yeilds by 2．1%，2．6%，1．6%，save water by 38．4%，48．8% 47．4% in the wet years，normal years and dry years． Middle drought water－saving irrigation mode is recommended for planting late season rice in wet or normal years，and mild drought water － saving irrigation mode ( the lower limit of soil moisture content before tillage irrigation accounts for 85% of saturated water content) is recommended for planting late season rice in dry years which can increase yeilds by 2．7%，3．2%，1．9%，and save water by 37．6%，27．9%，15．7% in the wet years，normal years and dry years．

The main city of Kunming is located in a special geographical position，which has the flood discharge of Songhuaba reservoir in the upper reaches，the flood discharge capacity of the middle reaches of the river，and the entry of the interbasin water transfer and the flood pushing of Dianchi in the lower reaches，the constantly changing of underlying surface with urban development ect，it’s lead to the abnormal severity of urban flood control pressure. In order to put forward the flood control scheme under the condition of current flood discharge capacity of the Panlong River，in this paper， the flood of the Panlong River，which runs through the main city of kunming，is analyzed under the condition of water diversion in the external watershed，and combined with existing problems，the rainfall warning index of the main protection object under the condition of safe discharge，is analyzed. It is expected to slow down the flood control pressure of the main city of Kunming by giving full play to the benefits of non-engineering measures，such as hydrometeorological monitoring，early warning，forecasting and flood dispatching，and to achieve scientific guidance of kunming urban flood dispatching，utmost reduce the purpose of urban flood disaster.

An empirical model is developed to forecast the daily flow of Dongting Lake at Chenglingji station based on the water balance of Dongting Lake and the backwater effect by the Yangtze River. Firstly, the correlations of Yichang-Zhicheng discharges, and Zhicheng-Jianli discharges are established, to calculate the discharges of Zhicheng and Jianli station. Then the discharge of three outlets are calculated from the discharge of Zhicheng station, and the discharge of Luoshan station is derived from the water level at Lujiao station or by a multi-input single-output liner system model of Yichang-Luoshan discharges. Finally, the discharge of Chenglingji station is derived considering the upstream flow at Jianli station, water level of the Dongting Lake at Lujiao station and the downstream backwater effect by Luoshan station. Comparing the simulated results with measured data, the simulation efficiency of the discharge at Chenglingji station is higher than 0.8 in different typical years. Results show that the model is reliable and can provide a new method for the hydrological simulation of Dongting Lake.

In the process of coupling simulation of surface water and groundwater, the uncertainty of source and sink will affect the reliability of the output of the model, so it is necessary to analyze the uncertainty of the model. In this paper, a mathematical model of surface water and groundwater coupling simulation is established for a hypothetical example, and HydroGeoSphere software is used to solve it in parallel. Monte Carlo method is used to analyze the influence of uncertainty of source and sink on the simulation results of surface water and groundwater coupling. In the process of uncertainty analysis, in order to reduce the calculation load produced by multiple call simulation models, the replacement model of simulation model is established by using Latin hypercube sampling and Kriging method. Results showed: The surface water and groundwater coupling simulation model can describe the hydraulic connection between surface water and underground water in the study area. Using Kriging method to establish an alternative model of the simulation model, which can greatly reduce the computational load of Monte Carlo simulation. Combining with risk assessment, the risk value of groundwater level below the threshold of groundwater level is 0.2. Based on the alternative model, the uncertainty analysis of the ground water and groundwater simulation model is carried out, which greatly reduces the cost of calculation and provides reference for the actual work of the decision-makers.

Hydrological model calibration experience shows that a single objective function is not sufficient to accurately predict all features of the observed data． To solve this problem，multiple objective functions are defined to measure different aspects of the system simulation，and the pareto non－dominated optimal solution is determined based on multi－criteria optimization． This paper proposes that the efficient MOSCEM－UA algorithm can solve the multi－objective optimization problem of the hydrological model． MOSCEM is an improvement to the SCE－UA global optimization algorithm． It uses the pareto non－inferior solution concept instead of the direct entry single objective function evaluation，pareto． The solution set develops the initial point group as a set of stable distribution solutions． Through simulation of watershed floods，single－target and multi－target simulation schemes are compared to select the best multi－objective optimization model parameters． The results show that using the multi－objective optimal non－inferior solution criterion to select the optimal solution makes the screening result more accurate and reliable，and provides a more comprehensive method for parameter optimization of hydrological model．

The current system used to control the maximum water level height of the reservoir has several disadvantages, which are the difficulty of control, but the low working efficiency and the shortcomings of the poor control system. This paper designs a successive compensation scheduling model based on the dynamic adjustment of reservoir water level and rainfall prediction based on the reservoir capacity compensation, using the flood control capacity information of the reservoir group and the real time rainfall forecast in the region. The model mainly consists of rainfall forecasting unit of weather forecast, dispatching compensation unit of reservoir capacity compensation, adjustment and control unit of flood limit water level and coordination unit of inter-unit variables. The dynamic control scheme of ideal signal limit water level is obtained through iterative calculation based on the Berman's idea of step-by-step approximation. The results of complex application of the control scheme in Panjiakou reservoir group show that the scheme can effectively improve the utilization efficiency of flood resources and increase the power generation efficiency on the basis of ensuring control and control regulation.

Based on the daily runoff and daily precipitation data of 8 hydrological stations and 79 meteorological stations in the Poyang Lake basin, the characteristic hydrological parameter of the flashiness index, the ratio of days over average annual runoff, the annual average runoff coefficient, the runoff coefficients in the dry and wet seasons and the dry/wet runoff ratio have been analyzed. By comparing the stations in the upper reaches and the lower reaches, the possible effects of human activities on the runoff changes are analyzed. The results show that: (1) The flashiness indices of all stations in the basin show a decreasing trend except for Lijiadu station in the lower reaches. Compared with the lower reaches, the flashiness indices of the lower reaches show a weak downward trend. (2) Under the influence of urbanization, the ratio of days over average annual runoff in the lower reaches are much smaller than those in the upper reaches. (3) Each station shows an increasing trend except for Lijiadu Station, meanwhile, the annual average runoff coefficients in the lower reaches are slightly less than those in the upper reaches. (4) The differences of runoff coefficients between the dry and wet seasons in the lower reaches are more significant than those in the upper reaches.

In order to identify the sensitive factors that affect the rainstorm flood management model (SWMM) as well as to provide guidance and reference for the subsequent model rate determination and uncertainty analysis, this paper samples each parameter based on the Latin hypercube sampling technique. On the other hand, it also respectively analyzes the global sensitivity of swmm model by using the stepwise regression method and partial rank correlation method as well as takes the Qianfoshan Campus of Shandong University as an example. The results show that: Firstly, the manning coefficient in impermeable region is the most sensitive parameter to peak time and peak flow. In addition, with the increase of Manning coefficient in impermeable region, the peak time will increase and the peak flow will decrease. Secondly, the ratio factor of catchment area is the most sensitive parameter to total production and flow. Therefore, with the increase of water catchment area ratio factor, the total production discharge will increase. The stepwise regression and partial rank correlation are the linear analysis methods. We also can identify the sensitive parameters of swmm model more accurately through the comparison of the two methods, which is useful for the accurate modeling and high efficiency.

Nansi Lake is one of the most important storing lakes in South-to-north Water Diversion Project, so it is very significant for further deep explorations on the relationships between water quantity and water quality in Nansi Lake. Based on the summaries and analysis from the predecessors around a large batch of studies on water quantity and quality of the upstream section of Nansi Lake, with combination of statistical data and information and MIKE21 model, this paper selected internal roughness, pollutant diffusion coefficient and pollutant degradation coefficient as main parameters while taking COD and TP as pollutant indexes selected in the above model. After the careful verifications of the above-mentioned model parameters, it better certified the entire model has certain representativeness and accuracy. By applying the model into simulation schemes for making further simulation analysis, it made a series of deep simulation analysis around water-quality changing process in the upstream section of Nansi Lake in multiple scenarios. And depending on the achieved results, it further analyzed and got the response relationship between water quantity and water quality in the said upstream section. Provide theoretical basis for the improvement of water quality of Nansi Lake.

With the improvement of the urbanization level in our country，the problem of urban flooding has become increasingly prominent．The study selected a certain region in North China，and constructed the rainfall runoff model of the region by using the storm management software SWMM，and simulated the operation status of the drainage pipe network under different return period design． Based on this，the effect of runoff control was simulated for four types of low－impact development ( LID) measures，including Ｒain barrel，Bio－betention cell，Permeable pavement，Green roofs，and combined deployment． The study found that in the study area，the five measures adopting LID measures can reduce the total amount of runoff and the peak． In the total runoff reduction effect，the combination of the deployment of LID＞Bio－betention cell＞Permeable pavement＞Ｒain barrel＞Green roof; In the peak flow reduction effect，the combination of the deployment of LID＞Ｒain barrel＞Permeable pavement ＞Bio－betention cell ＞Green roof． The LID facilities have significant runoff reductions at low return periods． With the increase in the return period of heavy rainfall design，the runoff reduction effect of LID facilities is reduced，but it can still play the role of runoff delay．

Based on the GIS and SWMM platforms of GIS and SWMM, the rainwater pipe network model was built to compare and analyze the rainfall runoff, node water logging, pipeline load and pollutant load discharge before and after the LID measures were taken. The effect of LID measures on water quality and quality were researched. The results showed that LID measures reduced runoff by 37.2%, reduced node water accumulation by 99.4%, reduced pipeline fullness, and reduced pollutant load. The LID model can regulate rainfall runoff, reduce pollutant load, relieve node overflow water, reduce pipe network operating load, reduce the risk of internal water and non-point source pollution, and has good water and water quality regulation effects.

Water prices are closely linked to agricultural water saving and farmers＇ interests． Ｒeasonable agricultural water prices can reduce the use of water resources，and improve the efficiency of water use and achieve the purpose of saving water． Based on the water footprint theory，the water footprint of crop production is calculated in 75% hydrological year in Boai Country． Under the condition of avoiding waste and incomplete irrigation，the irrigation water consumption of crops is calculated．The results show that the water footprint of wheat products is 0．632 m3 / kg，and that the maize products is 0．622 m3 / kg． The blue water footprint is converted into basic water price，and the basic water price is 0．23 Yuan/m3，namely basic electricity charge 1．33 Yuan/ kWh． At the same time，it can be combined with farmers＇ water－saving situation． The implementation of ladder water pricescan be put into practice． This study provides a reference for the comprehensive reform of agricultural water resources management and water price．

Aiming at the present situation of water resources utilization and the imbalance between supply and demand in Qinzhou, the principle and calculation principle of third balance theory analysis method are expounded. The three supply and demand balance methods based on water resources are used to analyze the three guarantees of Qinzhou City in 2020 and 2030. Adopting the three-times allocation method based on water use efficiency, this paper analyzes the regional water supply and demand situation of Qinzhou City at three guarantee rates in 2020 and 2030, and combining the water consumption red line, finds out the challenges and possible solutions of water resources utilization in Qinzhou. The results after three balances show that: in 2020, 50%, 75%, and 95% of the guarantee rate in Qinzhou City will be 0.04, 2.60, and 829 million m3 of water shortage. After the water transfer project is completed in 2030, the guarantee rate will be 50% and 75%. There are residual water 3.10, 0.33, P = 95% water shortage 589 million m3. To fully achieve the overall red line control objectives and achieve a comprehensive balance of water volume, we should further promote the construction of water-saving cities in Qinzhou.

Agriculture occupies the largest consumption of water resources in China，so it＇s an inevitable choice to promote rural“lucid water and lush mountain”strategy by improving the agricultural water resources efficiency and reducing agricultural water pollution． This paper evaluates agricultural water resources efficiency of China＇s provinces and eight regions from 2011 to 2015 based on super－efficiency SBM model including undesirable outputs，then uses the Tobit regression model to analyze the influencing factors of the agricultural water resources efficiency． The results show that the agricultural water resources efficiency in most regions in China had an increasing trend from 2011 to 2015． In terms of regional distribution，the efficiency of the eastern coastal areas are clearly superior to other regions，and the efficiency of the three major national agricultural production areas including the Northeast，middle Yellow Ｒiver and middle Yangtze Ｒiver ranks the lowest． The results of Tobit regression analysis shows that per capita water supply and agricultural planting structure have a significant negative effect on the agricultural water resources efficiency，and per capita water resources，opening to the outside world and environmental regulation have a significant positive effect．

Based on the random fields of small-scale rock mechanical parameters and the critical theory of percolation of modern physics, the paper studies the critical yield condition and probability of large-scale rock mass in the same geological unit by finite element random simulation method. Then the theoretical formulas of the macroscopic shear strength of large-scale rock mass are deduced, which just need a finite group of shear strength test results gained by small specimens. And results of such theoretical formulas are compared with the finite element random simulation. Finally, the different probability distribution types of small-scale friction coefficient and cohesion, and the influence of randomness of elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio on macroscopic shear strength of large-scale rock mass are discussed. The results show that the theoretical formulas of the macroscopic shear strength of the rock mass agrees with the value of finite element random simulation, and the yield ratio of small-scale rock mass is 2/3 when the large-scale rock mass start to yield as a whole. Through comparative calculation and analysis, the probability distribution types of small-scale friction coefficient and cohesion, and the randomness of the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio have little influence on macroscopic shear strength in the range of the actual variation of the parameters of the small-scale material.

The deterministic model for concrete arch dam displacement is a problem to be studied in the absence of measured temperature data. According to the deformation characteristics of concrete arch dam in operation period, a new method is proposed to check the dam temperature field when the temperature boundary are determined by air temperature and water temperature. the FEM is applied to determine the water pressure component and temperature component of displacement in concrete arch dam by using the atmospheric temperature and reservoir water temperature as the temperature boundary condition. On this basis，a deterministic displacement monitoring model for concrete arch dam is established. The model is successfully used to the establishment of the monitoring system for Dongjiang Arch Dam.

The controller parameters of the classic PID control are generally set as fixed values after being tuned． When the parameters of the control object are changed by the environment，the control performance will be reduced． Targeted at the special control system of large－scale open channel，and to adapt to the state change of the controlled object and maintain better control effect，this paper proposes an adaptive PID control algorithm that can adjust controller parameters on－line and analyzes and compares various optimization goals． The algorithm uses Integral of Absolute Magnitude of Error ( IAE) and Damping Ｒate ( DAM) ，Overshoot ( OVＲ) as the performance parameters． According to the functional relationship between controller parameters and performance indexes，adaptive rules are proposed． According to the adaptive rules，the main parameters Kp and Ki of PID controller are adjusted online until the system dynamic response and control performance enter the optimization area． Through the modeling and simulation of the tandem pool on the main channel of the water conveyance channel system of a large－scale water diversion project，the results show that after adaptive adjustment，the system can reduce the overshoot of the gate by 9% ～ 21% on the basis of the conventional PID algorithm． The number of gate adjustments is reduced by at least 1 or 2 times，and the stabilization time is advanced by more than 15 hours． It can be seen that the adaptive optimization algorithm can self－optimize the controller parameters according to the selected performance index for the changing control object，and doesn＇t depend on the exact mathematical model，especially for the controlled object＇s partial parameters have slow time－varying characteristics． The algorithm has certain reference value and application prospects for the operation and management of the canal system of large－scale irrigation districts and large－scale transmission and distribution projects in China．

In view of the complex changes in the shear strength index of foundation soil after drainage and consolidation of soft soil foundations，based on the theoretical analysis of the shear strength of soil mechanics with the envelope of the soil，an analytical formula for the shear strength of foundation soils under any degree of consolidation is deduced． The shear strength index of foundation soil under any degree of consolidation is an increasing function of the degree of consolidation． Finally，the actual engineering case test is used to verify the comparative analysis． It is concluded that the new formula is more similar to the existing formula． In practice，it has certain reference values for the practical application of the project

Ｒeasonable evaluation and scientific prediction for slope stability are conducted and a scientific and reasonable design scheme is put forward to reduce slope geological hazards，the traffic safety problem of approach road in hydropower station is effectively solved． Taking the deep cutting slope of approach road in hydropower station as an example，the stability analysis of cutting slope excavation construction is carried out by combining the finite element method with the limit equilibrium method． The research results show that: the slope stability is increasing gradually with slope excavation step by step． Meanwhile，the slope stability has been greatly improved after the second－grade and the first－grade slope excavation，and the possible slip surface of the slope has been gradually adjusted． The stability coefficient of slope is basically consistent with the two methods，and the location and shape of the slip planes are also consistent，all of which are arc－shaped sliding． The mechanical properties of mudstone are gradually degraded due to the natural weathering and muddy water disintegration of mudstone，and the stability of the slope is gradual． It is prone to make arc－shaped sliding from the top of the second－grade slope． It is suggested that the anchor bolt frame and grass protection measures should be taken for the second－grade to fourth－grade slopes，and the other slopes should be protected by hanging nets and mixed plants to provide reference for slope engineering design．

Domestic research generally analyzes the process of temperature control and crack prevention during the construction period and the process of crack prevention during the operation period separately． Taking Baihetan Power Generation Tailrace Tunnel as an example，this paper simulates the whole process of construction and over－water operation of a 1．0 m thick lining structure section in summer by using the simulation three－dimensional finite element method，analyzes the sensitivity of different over－water temperatures，and takes into account the influence of water temperature including sunshine and pre－pouring temperature on the over－water operation period of the structure section． According to the simulation results，it can provide some references for the safe operation of the structure during the whole process．

Temperature and temperature stress induced arch dam cracking is always a hot issue in the engineering of concrete arch dams．According to the field measurement data，the development of functions about cement hydration reaction，concrete adiabatic temperature rise，water cooling air temperature and water temperature is realized by using APDL and Macro command based on ANSYS software． In order to simulate the construction process of a concrete arch dam in southwest region，the temperature field evolution of the dam is simulated and analyzed by considering batch cooling，grouting and water storage plan． The results show that the FEM simulation results of the temperature field are consistent with the field monitoring results． In the process of arch dam construction，due to the hydration reaction of concrete，the maximum temperature of dam body is up to 50 ℃，the effect of two times water cooling is obvious，and the internal temperature of dam body decreases to 16 ℃ at the end of the second water cooling． After water storage to the normal level，the internal temperature of the dam is below 16 ℃ ． The temperature of top surface and the downstream surface is consistent with the air temperature，which is up to 27 ℃ ． The temperature distribution of upstream surface is affected by the water temperature and is changing gradiently，wherein the lowest temperature is 15 ℃ at elevation 492m，and the highest temperature is 23 ℃ at elevation 540 m． After a year of stable operation，the internal temperature distribution of the dam is more uniform and continuous．

According to the three－dimensional geographic information platform of water conservancy and hydropower engineering that stays in the client mode，the research adopts WebGL technology to build the three－dimensional geographic information platform of water conservancy and hydropower engineering．Based on the B/ S architecture，the platform integrates the open source 3d map engine of Cesium． The overall technical framework adopts a three－layer architecture，which is data layer，application support layer and presentation layer respectively．Cache download and slice technology are adopted to realize high precision integrated loading of terrain and orthophoto images．Through model format conversion，the BIM model and oblique photography model are transformed into 3Dtiles format and superimposed on topography to build real 3D scenes．The platform not only realizes 3D visualization of water conservancy and hydropower engineering，but also has practical functions such as slope height analysis，BIM attribute information management and distance area quantity calculation．

From the basic standpoint of property evolution，this paper studies the hydration process of concrete and proposes a thermo －chemical coupling model for concrete．This model considers the effect of concrete real－time temperature on the rate of hydration heat release．By introducing the hydration degree，the coupling temperature field and chemical field for concrete is achieved． The hydration degree is used as the intermediate variable of chemical reaction system． Thus，physical － chemical coupling field and the relationship between hydration degree and heat release is established． Based on the basic theory of thermodynamics and chemical reaction kinetics，this paper derives a formula of chemical affinity of hydration reaction; established governing equation of hydration reaction and derived the corresponding hydration model，describes the implementation of the model in the finite element method in detail． Finally，the model is validated by the experimental results．

To obtain the pressure fluctuation characteristics of the mixed flow pump unit named FANKOU ⅡStation under different cavitation conditions，the monitoring points of pressure are set near the impeller inlet，the impeller outlet and the vane outlet，the test is conducted by applying a dynamic frequency pressure sensor system under 3 different head conditions with 3 different cavitation conditions of no cavitation， critical cavitation ，deepened cavitation．The test results show that the pressure fluctuation curve is a stationary approximate sinusoidal curve at the inlet of the impeller due to the diversion of the inlet channel． At the outlet of impeller，the number of harmonic waves in time domain shows a certain rule with different heads． Based on Fast Fourier transform ( FFT) ，frequency domain results of each monitoring point shows that : under the condition of each head ，the main frequency of all monitors at the outlet of impeller is the integral multiple frequency of blade passing frequency ( BPF) ，with the increase in the head，the main frequency zone has gradually moved to high frequency zone． Under the same head condition ，with the deepening of cavitation，the main frequency band has moved to low frequency band．The inlet and outlet of the impeller are less affected by the blade passing frequency．

In order to study the effect of different impeller outlet widths on the unsteady performance of centrifugal pumps under design conditions，a centrifugal pump with a specific speed of 66 is selected as the research object． The numerical simulation of centrifugal pump models with impeller outlet widths of 11，12，13，14 and 15 mm is conducted． An analysis is made of its external characteristics，internal flow field，and the variation of pressure pulsation． The results show that the impeller outlet width has a significant effect on the external characteristics of the centrifugal pump． The larger the outlet width and the higher the lift，there is an optimal impeller outlet width so that the centrifugal pump has the highest efficiency under the design conditions，ie，b = 14 mm． With the increase in outlet width，the pressure of impeller and volute increases，the area of low velocity area in the impeller flow channel increases，and the turbulent kinetic energy decreases． The pressure pulsation amplitude of the monitoring point in the scroll flow channel increases with the increase in the impeller exit width． The pressure pulsation amplitudes at the monitoring points of the lapped tongue and the exit point first decreases and then increases with the increase in the outlet width，and the pressure pulsation amplitude is the lowest at b = 14 mm． A comprehensive analysis shows that there is an optimal impeller outlet width to optimize the performance of the centrifugal pump，which provides a certain reference value for the centrifugal pump hydraulic design with a specific speed of 66．

The energy recovery characteristics and pressure pulsation characteristics of the hydraulic turbine directly affects whether the device can operate efficiently and stably． In order to improve the operating stability of the hydraulic turbine，the influence of the relative position ( clocking effect) of the multi－stage turbine guide vane and the inlet of the annular volute on its external characteristics and pressure pulsation are explored． In this paper，turbine model with four different clocking positions for a guide vane within a pitch are established ． In order to simplify the calculation model，the first stage impeller of a multi － stage hydraulic turbine is used for numerical simulation calculations，andthe energy recovery characteristics and pressure pulsation characteristics of the turbine under different schemes are compared． The results show that when the clocking position θ of turbine blade A is 110°，the turbine has the highest energy recovery efficiency at the rated flow rate． When the clocking position θ of the guide vane A blade is 90°，the turbine volute and the pressure pulsation energy amplitude in the guide vane is the largest，and when the clocking position θ of the vane A vane is 110°，the pressure pulsation amplitude of the turbine is the smallest． Therefore，it is recommended that the center of the inlet of the turbine scroll be located in the two guide vanes middle position to get better external characteristics and make its internal pressure pulsation amplitude smaller．

In this paper, an urban drainage pumping station was taken into the study. The inflow pattern and hydraulic flow characteristics of the water intake system were studied by the physical model experiment. It was found that the inappropriate layout of the water intake system made the oblique mainstream concentrated together in the gate shaft, and the distribution of the inlet box culverts was non-uniform. As a result, some bad flow pattern such as eddy and recirculation reflux appeared in the fore-bay and suction sump.In order to improve the bad flow pattern existing in the water intake system of the pumping station, a diversion pier was set in the gate shaft, and a combined rectification measures consisting of a diversion pier, a cross beam, and an elimination vortex plate were arranged in the fore-bay. The improvement experiment results showed that the diversion pier in the gate shaft could increase the uniformity of the inlet box culverts and the fore-bay; With the help of the combined rectification measures, the flow pattern of the fore-bay and the suction sump got improved, especially in the velocity distribution in the intake suction sump. The distribution in horizon was uniform, and in vertical the velocity was large in bottom while small in top. It was beneficial for the inflow of the pumping station and prevention of the surface vertex, which could guarantee a safe stable operation of the pumping station.

Based on the parameter optimization problem of the turbine generator governor PID，the simulation model of the turbine governing system is established，and the hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm of chaotic perturbation theory is introduced to realize the PID parameter tuning optimization of the turbine governor． The simulation shows that the adjustment system with PID parameters has the characteristics of small overshoot and good stability，which can effectively improve the dynamic performance of the transition process of the turbine governing system． In addition，the algorithm has fast convergence speed and high accuracy，effectively overcoming ．The shortcomings of the standard particle swarm algorithm are easy to premature，which improves the accuracy of the algorithm．

In order to realize the reasonable selection of the core of high frequency transformer，a method of core selection for high frequency transformer based on I～ P characteristics of flyback power supply is presented． In this method，a combined simulation model considering the peripheral circuits of high frequency transformer and flyback switching power supply is established，the I ～ P characteristic curves corresponding to different magnetic cores are calculated，the fitting formulas for I～ P characteristics of different cores are derived by means of fitting tools，according to the maximum working magnetic density of magnetic core，the optimal output power of power supply corresponding to different magnetic cores is obtained，and based on the maximum design power of the power supply，the reasonable selection of the magnetic core of the switching power supply in different power application areas is realized，which is conducive to reducing the design cost of the flyback switching power supply． A high－frequency transformer prototype composed of two different magnetic cores is developed，and a flyback power supply module power characteristic test platform is built，the I～ P characteristics of the two cores are tested when the working voltage is 220 V，and the results are compared with the joint simulation results． The result shows that the method is correct and serves as a reference for the core selection of high frequency transformer．

At present, large-scale hydropower units have installed condition monitoring systems, and how to extract the fault characteristics of the unit from the massive vibration data is the difficulty and hot spot of the fault diagnosis of hydropower units .This paper presents a method combining variational mode decomposition with complexity analysis for feature extraction. Firstly ,it performs variational mode decomposition on denoised vibration signal. Then, the complexity value of each mode component through complexity algorithm and feature vectors consisting of each mode component complexity value characteristic elements are obtained. Finally, the feature vectors are classified by support vector machine. The results showed that the feature extraction method based on the combination of variational mode decomposition and complexity has a good discrimination degree for different operating states of hydropower units, and it is a reasonable Fault feature extraction method.

The selection of the optimized location of tail water surge chamber is an important factor influencing the calculation of regulation guarantee in the design of power station． Based on the characteristic line method，the hydraulic－mechanical numerical simulation models of a pumped storage power station＇ s water delivery system and turbine ＇ s regulating system are established or different positions of the surge chamber，and the sensitivity of the unit transition process on the change of position is then analyzed． The simulation results show that when the tail water surge chamber is located before the bifurcation pipe，as it is closer to the unit and each branch pipe is directly connected to the pressure regulating chamber，it has a significant improvement on the vacuum level of the tail pipe under the condition of successive load rejection． The impedance hole area of different size also has a corresponding influence on the calculation of the transition process． This paper provides a research idea and theoretical basis for the vacuum degree optimization of tail water pipe during the unit transition by optimizing the position of the surge chamber．

The hydro－turbine magnetic suspension guide bearing is a kind of oil－less bearing． Its reliability in engineering has not been solved well． So the theoretical analysis method and an ANSYS simulation is utilized based on its Halbach Array to study the dynamic character＇s nonlinear model and linearity equation of hydro － turbine radial hybrid magnetic suspension guide bearings． On this basis，the author designed a type pf hydro － turbine radial hybrid magnetic suspension guide bearing． The research shows that it has the self － stabilizing characters in terms of a single degree of freedom and its negative rigidity can be adjusted through the bearing＇s permanent－magnetic character． With enlargement of magnetic loop＇s thickness in each unit ，the radial magnetic force of the hydro－turbine magnetic suspension permanent－magnetic guide bearing with Halbach Array will be enlarged． To a certain degree，it appears to be approximately linear and transits the nonlinear trend later． When the magnetic force reaches a certain definite value，the deviation between the calculation result and the simulation result will be less than 0．69%． This research conclusion can be used for engineering applications of the hydro－turbine radial hybrid magnetic suspension guide bearing．