As the hydrodynamic conditions of the river-lake-connected plain river network area are extremely complex with the obvious tidal effect , the effectiveness of the water resource schedule is largely determined by whether the water dynamics can be maximized. The key is the timing of water transfer and reasonable scheduling. This paper selects the Huxi area of the Taihu Lake Basin as a typical area, combined with the characteristics of the area and the previous water transfer practical experience, makes a multi-factor comprehensive analysis of the external river tide level, rainfall conditions, river network water level, engineering capacity and operating costs, using methods including the water conservancy calculation, big data analysis, and simulation scheduling. Based on the above research, the paper puts forward a suitable water diversion timing, designs and optimizes the scheduling scheme, that lays a foundation for the development of the water dispatching experiment in the Huxi area of of Taihu Lake Basin. It also has certain reference value for the design of the water resources dispatching scheme for other complex river-lake-connected areas.

Based on the water social accounting matrix（WSAM）of Heilongjiang Province in 2012，this study applies accounting water multiplier analysis method to study the interrelationship among production activities．The study found that the account multipliers of the service industry，agriculture sectors and water sectors are more significant，and the role of the national economy in Heilongjiang Province is more pronounced．The water accounting multipliers of agriculture sector and water sector are larger，their development is more connected with the water resources．The service industry has the largest multiplier to the water sector，indicating that the industry is highly correlated．Comparing the multiplier of water resource of Heilongjiang with Jilin and Liaoning，the results show that the water sector plays a greater role in the whole economic system，at the same time，due to its largest scale of agriculture，the problems of water resources allocation in Heilongjiang Province are more prominent．It is recommended to optimize the layout of the three industries，accelerate the transformation and upgrading of agriculture，and develop high-efficiency water-saving irrigation，and strictly implement various water resources management systems．

Taking the embankment reservoir basin as an example，this paper expounds the relevant concepts such as the flood resource utilization and utilization potential． Based on the discussion of the methods of evaluating the utilization potential of flood resources，such as the utilization rate of flood resources，the unavailability of flood resources and the utilization potential of flood resources，this paper established the evaluation methods of flood resources utilization potential of embankment reservoir basin and evaluated the present situation and potential of the flood resources utilization of embankment by using the theory of limit analysis，The results show that: from 1970 to 2012，the average annual actual utilization rate of embankment reservoir basin is 158 million cubic meters，with the current utilization potential of 87 million cubic meters，the theoretical utilization potential of 190 million cubic meters and the actual utilization rate of 38．9%． The calculated results can provide a theoretical basis for the management decision on the utilization of flood resources of the embankment reservoir basin．

The existing multi-indicator assessment with interval number only considers subjective weight and ignores objective information. To address this problem, this paper comprehensively considers both subjective and objective information provided by assessment indicators and proposes a combined weighting method based on interval number. First, considering the nature of interval number and the distribution of internal data sequences, two methods to determine objective weight based on interval number are put forward according to the possibility degree of interval number comparison and the traditional objective weighting method—variation coefficient method. Then, chi-square distance measuring data’s differences is used to obtain the combined weight by solving the optimization problem. In addition, radar chart method is employed in the assessment of reservoir operation schemes. As an example, the effects of flood resources utilization in Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba and the Three Gorges cascade reservoirs are assessed and compared with the evaluation result of TOPSIS. The results verify the feasibility of the combined weighting method based on interval number as well as the radar chart method in assessing reservoir operation schemes, proving their advantages over the existing methods.

In this paper，HEC－ＲAS and MIKE11 models are used to calculate the water surface line of the Jinjiang section of Gao＇an City，Jiangxi Province，and compare it with the measured water level data to calculate the model accuracy，comprehensively consider the initial water level and channel roughness of the main hydrological parameters involved in the modeling，and analyze the sensitivity． The conclusions are as follows: The accuracy of the water surface line calculated by the MIKE11 model is higher，and the water level result is also slightly higher than the HEC－ＲAS model． The sensitivity of the two models to the channel roughness is an important factor causing the difference in the water surface line results． The MIKE11 model is more sensitive to roughness． In summary，the MIKE11 model has a more important significance for the calculation of the water surface of the Jinjiang Ｒiver．

In view of the multi-objective, fuzzy and uncertain characteristics of water resource allocation, and the key problem of determining the weight of each evaluation index in the evaluation of water resources allocation scheme, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the projection pursuit clustering method were integrated to calculate the fusion weight, and then the water resources allocation evaluation model based on weight fusion was established. The evaluation model is applied to the evaluation of the water resources allocation scheme in the Kiz River Basin in Xinjiang. The results show that the syncretic weight can correct the shortcomings of the subjective evaluation and objective evaluation results, and the expert opinion and objective data attribute can be effectively used in the evaluation of the scheme decision, and it can also make the evaluation result more reasonable and credible.

Discuss the application of Time Series Method to multi-water users with different water supply rates，Dichotomy Method is proposed for calculating active Storage accurately and efficiently. The program of mass balance equation is also fast input and output for EXCEL objects. The results indicate that the program of mass balance is reasonable and reliable. Active storage and the evaporation and leakage loss of reservoir is more effective and precise comparing with the traditional EXCEL method. It provides a convenient, practical and quick calculation method for water conservancy project planning and design.

An experiment is conducted to investigate the variation of summer corn soil respiration rate under different fertilization levels． The experiment，taking place from June to September 2017 at the National Center of Efficient Irrigation Engineering and Technology Ｒesearch ( Beijing) ，uses airtight static chambers to monitor summer corn farmland soil respiration． The soil respiration variation throughout the development stage of summer corn is characterized． The analysis also covers the response mechanism of these characteristics to soil surface temperature and soil moisture． The results show that the daily average change of soil respiration rate in the fertilization treatment of summer maize field increases first and then decreases． The peak value is roughly at 15 o＇clock，the lowest value is roughly at 6 o＇clock and the amount of fertilization increases，and the soil respiration rate also increases． The correlation between temperature and water content of soil surface layer ( 0～ 10 cm) and soil respiration rate of summer maize field is extremely significant． Both can explain the seasonal variation of soil respiration rate by 23．1% ～ 69．9% and 15．3% ～ 50．8%，respectively． The Q10 values of fertilization treatment are 1． 73，2． 20，2． 29，It increases with the increase in fertilization amount． It has better simulation effect by establishing the joint simulation equation of soil surface temperature，water content and soil respiration rate．

In order to explore the influences of Yellow Ｒiver Irrigation on water and salt migration in saline－alkali land，this paper chooses four typical irrigation quota ( 570，780，990，1 200 m3 /hm2) ，through the field test and indoor test，from the perspective of comprehensive control of soil moisture content and total salinity，compares and analyzes the changes of water and salt in 0～ 100 cm soil layer before and after irrigation． The results show that the soil moisture content before irrigation is lower than that after irrigation，which is not suitable for the crop growth． Before irrigation，soil salinization grade within 1m is moderate salinization． After irrigation，soil salinization grade reduces from moderate salinization to mild salinization． The irrigation quota of 780～ 990 m3 /hm2 can not only effectively increase the soil moisture content，but also reduce the soil salt content，which is the ideal water and salt control irrigation quota in the irrigation area．

The soil in the arid sand area is less organic, and the soil water holding capacity and fertilizer retention capacity are poor, which is not conducive to crop growth and development. The water-retaining agents such as SAP and PAM have good water retention and fertilizer retention characteristics, and can improve soil structure, reduce soil bulk density, and increase crop yield. Through the use of water-retaining agents such as SAP and PAM, the alfalfa planting experiment under different application methods was carried out to explore a new scheme for promoting high yield and high quality of alfalfa in sandy areas. The results showed that SAP and PAM single application and compound application improved soil nutrient status, promoted the quality of alfalfa, increased yield and increased water productivity. For improving soil nutrient status and promoting alfalfa yield increase and quality, 45kg/hm2 SAP is the best if single application is applied; if compounding is used, 45kg/hm2 SAP compounding 30kg/hm2 PAM is the best.

The planning and design of pipe drainage project in irrigation area should take into account the topography, land feature and existing irrigation system. Aiming at the problems from the planning, design and management of pipe drainage project in the north Irrigation district of Yinchuan, Ningxia, this paper attempts to conduct the design of pipe drain engineering, management and inquiry of the project by using the technique of combining ArcGIS software and SQL database. Based on the investigation data, the method operating the software to obtain the spatial geographic information are introduced in the project area, such as terrain, slope, slope direction and so on. The management platform and database of underground drainage project are established in order to provide reference for the planning and design of the pipe drainage construction and the information management of the project.

In order to explore the water-resistance law of the feed millet in the low plain area of Hebei Province, potting experiment was carried out on four varieties of feed millet (India 0906, Forage No. 4, c264, k3201).The irrigation treatments were set as 75%~90%(T1),60%~75%（T2),45%~60%(T3),30%~45%(T4) of field water holding rate. The results showed that there is a significant difference between different irrigation treatments, and the water consumption decreases with the lower irrigation limit.The lower irrigation limit had significant effects on the 1000-grain weight and single-grain weight of potted forage millet. The four crops had the highest 1000-grain weight and the single-grain weight of T1, and the difference was significant between T1 treatment and T4 treatment. T4 treatment produced serious water stress on millet growth.India 0906 and K0906 had the highest water use efficiency at T1. Forage No.4 and c264 had the highest water use efficiency at T3.There are certain differences between different varieties.The single ear weight and water use efficiency of k3201 varieties were higher than the other three varieties, and the drought resistance of k3201 was better than the other three varieties,and more suitable for planting in the test area.

The flood control engineering measures in the vast number of villages and towns in China are relatively weak，and the flood control standards are also low． The flood risk analysis and research can be regarded as a very important non－engineering measure． Taking the flood risk analysis of Wancheng Town as an example，which is located in Wanning City，Hainan Province，this paper constructs a flood risk analysis model based on the one－dimensional and two－dimensional coupled hydrodynamic model，and uses the historical flood data to verify the reliability of the model． Considering the uncertainty of the flood source in the actual flood control，the dynamic risk factors such as rainfall and tide level are introduced into the model to realize the dynamic flood risk analysis model of waterlogged areas in Wancheng Town，and the flood risk analysis under arbitrary rainfall and tidal boundary conditions is realized． The research results have reference value for flood forecasting，early warning，rescue and disaster relief in villages and towns．

In recent years，the disaster by flood was occurred frequently in Jiangxi province． It often has a serious impact on the development of social and economic and the safety of people＇s lives and property． The flood disaster is inevitable，so how to prevent effectively is most important． In the case of Jiangxiang Dike，which is the most important of Jiangxi dike，the flood evacuation is analyzed based on the maximum flood，and considered with the combination of flood encounter in Ganjiang river and Poyang lake． And the flood evacuation route is planned by the space analysis method in ArcGIS，and the paper develops the flood evacuation map． The result is provided to the decision basis for rescuing operation about disaster prevention and reduction．

Accurate prediction of residential community water consumption is of great significance to the optimal operation of water resources and the stable operation of the network． In this paper，a kind of water dynamic real time based on the dragonfly Gauss process regression coupling is proposed． dragonfly algorithm which is good at global search is used and the super parameters of Gauss process regression are optimized． The results show that the prediction accuracy of this model is high and the maximum relative error is only 0．019． It has a strong practical value and provides a theoretical basis for real－time water resource scheduling in the future．

The physical model test method was used to study the shape parameters of the front cam-type continuous ridges placed at the outlet of the diversion tunnel. By observing the connection flow state, the bank flow velocity, the riverbed erosion, the upstream water level and other indicators, the key parameters are compared which is the first ridge height and the exit angle. The observations show that the first ridge height should be less than 10% of the outlet height of the diversion tunnel to reduce the impact on the upstream water level; When the exit angle is between 45° and 60°, the improvement of the connection flow state and riverbed erosion is obvious. The experimental results of this paper can provide reference for the energy dissipation design of the diversion tunnel outlet of mountain rivers with narrow space, limited energy dissipation measures and large single width flow.

It has been found that the simulation of hydraulic head and support has some influences on the results of the stress calculation of the bifurcation pipe and the optimization of the body size by using three dimensional finite element calculation analysis software ANSYS for the numerical calculation analysis of the buried crescent rib bifurcation pipe． When the bifurcation pipe structure is calculated under the hydraulic pressure test，such as simulating a hydraulic head and a support in accordance with the actual situation，the calculation results should be closer to the actual situation，but increase the complexity of early modeling． In this paper，different calculation schemes are proposed for y－shaped crescent ribbed bifurcation pipe according to an engineering example，and the results of the finite element calculation is compared and analyzed． The analysis shows that when the bifurcation pipe structure is calculated under hydraulic pressure test，the hydraulic head and support should be simulated according to the actual situation．

Erosion has been a major problem in projects with sediment flow． The accurate prediction of erosion plays significant role in preventing engineering accidents． The differences and similarities between four commonly used erosion models are analyzed based on the numerical simulation of a 90 degree elbow． The simplified erosion equations are found to be the product of a constant，velocity function and impact angle function． The biggest difference lies in the value of constants． The simulated erosion patterns are similar based on the four models when particles hitting the elbow at low speed and small angle． The magnitude of erosion ratio is closest by using Oka model while the erosion tendency is closest by using Mclaury model． Velocity exponent is found to influence erosion significantly．

Cavitation is a common hydrodynamic phenomenon，and cavitation erosion is also a common problem． The two matters are related to each other，which seriously endangers overflowing structure ＇ s life and safety． Non － pressure hydraulic tunnel as very important water conveyance or drainage building，ensuring hydraulic tunnel＇s continuity and safety is important． In this paper，based on the background of a water supply project，it focuses on studying cavitation and cavitation erosion by the method of physical model test and theoretical calculation．Through the research，it quantitatively decides non － pressure hydraulic tunnel ＇ s cavitation problem． Meanwhile，it propounds specific measures and suggestions for non－pressure hydraulic tunnel＇s boundary conditions． As a result，it ensures safety of water conveyance under variable head conditions．

The Nalenggele River Water Control Project is the only large-scale comprehensive control project in the main stream of the Nalenggele River. It has the functions of flood control, water supply, and comprehensive utilization of power generation. Using dynamic analysis method to analyze and calculate the cost of the project benefit one by one, and the national economy evaluation and sensitivity analysis of the project as a whole, the conclusion that the water Conservancy project of Nalenggele river is economically reasonable, has strong risk resistance and has significant social benefits is obtained.

Rational utilization and protection of water resources is the basic guarantee of regional sustainable development. We used the water footprint (WF) theory to calculate the WF and the WF spatial density at the county levels from 1995 to 2015 in Zhangjiakou City. The results showed that: (1) The WF of Zhangjiakou City was 11.402 million tons in 2015, however, in the next 5-10 years the WF was close to the upper limit by the policy of restricted development of water resources. (2) At the spatial scale, the average WF of Zhangjiakou City was 420 thousand tons per year, which was in the middle impact area. In the time series, the WF of the district and county was increased most significantly from 2000 to 2005. (3) At the district and county level, the average spatial density of the WF(AWF) was close to 82.7% of the average annual precipitation in 2015. Besides, the ratio of AWF to precipitation was less than 40%, which played a good role in the ecological protection of rivers in the region. (4) To restrict the development scale of agriculture and animal husbandry at Wanquan, Xuanhua, Huailai and Zhuolu County, guarantying the ecological and water restoration for Yanghe river and Guanting reservoir.

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As an important part of sustainable energy generation, hydropower units have been concerned and valued in the operational stability for a long time. In the actual operation process, the unit may operate in an isolated grid. In this situation, the stability of the grid will heavily depend on the operation and regulation mode of the unit. Therefore, based on the state space equation of hydropower unit, the stability region of control parameters of hydropower units in isolated grid is studied in this paper, and the influence mechanism of operating conditions on control parameters is revealed. Firstly, the state space equation of the hydro-turbine regulating system is derived according to the differential equations of each part of the unit, and the hydro-turbine neural network model is established based on the model comprehensive characteristic curve. Secondly, the neural network derivation method is used to calculate the transfer coefficients under different guide vane opening of the hydro-turbine operating at a certain water head is calculated and substituted into the state space equation, and the relationship between the system characteristic value and the control parameter is obtained. Finally, the stability domain of the control parameters of each operating condition as well as its variation law are determined according to the critical stability conditions, and analysis and validation are conducted by simulation.

Hydropower Station will definitely impact aquatic qrganisms in rivers. To quantitively detect the impact from hydropower station, we analyzed the aquatic organisms after construction of the Dahejia Hydropower Station on the Yellow River. Basing on field investigation and indoor experiments combined with historical data, the impacts of hydropower station construction on river ecosystem were discussed. The results of this study show that after the completion of the hydropower station(2018), the fish species were decreased by 47.1%, and the number of exotic fish species tend to increase; phytoplankton species decreased by 52.7 %; and its average density increased by 25.2 % and average biomass decreased by 33.5%; zooplankton species decreased by 30.4 %; its average density increased by 48.5 %, and average biomass increased by 17.8 %; benthos species were decreased by 50%. After the construction of Dahejia Hydropower Station, the aquatic organisms have undergone relatively obvious changes. It is hoped that this study can provide the basis for the water ecological protection of hydropower construction.

In order to reveal the unbalance response characteristics of shaft system of bulb tubular turbine, a certain type of bulb tubular turbine is taken as the research object. Based on the Riccati transfer matrix method,the dynamics analysis model of shaft system is established.The critical speed of the shaft system is first solved,that verifies the non-negligibility of the thrust bearing in the calculation of the critical speed of the shaft system. On the basis of model, The influence of the unbalanced mass on the important shafting in the important parts of the shafting is studied. The results show that under the same conditions, when there is unbalance mass at the runner, the response value of the whole shaft system is the largest; the critical speed of the shaft system can be obtained by solving the unbalanced response of the nodes at different speeds, and when the speed of the shaft system near the critical speed, the shaft system displacement response value will increase sharply; at the same speed, the displacement response value is proportional to the unbalance mass. The analysis results can provide a theoretical reference for the design and dynamic balance test of shaft system of bulb tubular turbine.

Submersible tubular pump with wet stator is different from other tubular pumps, for its impeller is installed in the inner cavity of the motor rotor, in other words, the rotor and the impeller are integrated. To verify the safety and stability of the impeller, the one-way fluid-structure interaction was performed, utilizing the ANSYS Workbench. The stress and strain distributions of the impeller under the combined action of hydrodynamic force and magnetic pull force were obtained. The results showed that stress concentration appeared at the root and the tip region of the blades, and the maximum stress occurred at the tip region of each blade’s working face. The deformation of the blade increased obviously along the radial direction, that is, the blade deformation is proportional to its radius. The strength check result showed that the impeller met the requirement for operation. The presented results were believed to provide a reference for structural optimization design and hydraulic characteristics analysis of submersible tubular pump with wet stator.

In order to research the influence of pump operating position，water level and submersible pump height on flow state and cylinder strength of integrated prefabricated pumping station，the flow of the integrated pumping station is numerically calculated based on the VOF gas－liquid two－phase flow model． The unidirectional fluid－solid coupling calculation of the cylinder is carried out by using the Workbench platform． Ｒesults show that when the submersible pump is running symmetrically，the inlet deflection angle is small，which is beneficial to the service life of the pump． The lower the liquid level is，the more turbulent the flow field is． The higher the flow rate is，the best anti－sedimentation effect is． But it also needs to take into account the effective volume of the pumping station． The stress of the integrated pumping station decreases gradually from the bottom of the cylinder to the top of the cylinder，and the deformation increases gradually． With the rising of working water level and installation height，the maximum stress decreases． The maximum deformation of the cylinder decreases with the increase of submersible pump installation height．

Some pumping stations can operate in the reverse power generation mode，which can create certain economic benefits for pumping stations． At this point，the pump runner is in an off－design condition，and the stress and deformation of the runner are studied by using the two－way fluid－solid coupling method． The results show that the maximum stress of the runner occurs at the junction of the inlet blade and the runner，about 5．8 MPa，and gradually decreases from the hub to the flange; the maximum deformation occurs at the inlet edge of the runner blade． The edge is about 0．013 mm，descending from the flange to the hub． According to the stress distribution of the runner，the theoretical calculation value of fatigue life is 9．24． Based on the professional fatigue analysis module of workbench platform，the fatigue life of the runner is estimated by fatigue tools． It is concluded that the minimum fatigue safety factor is 9．088 2 at the root of the runner and the maximum stress distribution of the runner． Set the same． Both safety factors are within the material safety range of the fatigue life of the runner，and meet the requirements of safety and stability in the reverse power generation operation．

In order to study the vortex structure，vortex and vortex evolution of centrifugal pump，the interior flow is numerically simulated by ＲNG k－ε turbulence model and vortex dynamics identification method including helicity，Q criterion，BVF． Compared with the traditional method to obtain the pressure and velocity contours，vortex dynamics identification can accurately capture vorticity changes in impeller and volute． The results show that there is a pair of vortexes with the opposite direction in volute spiral section，whose rotation direction compared with the classical Carmen vortex is contrary． The vortexes are from the flow separation of pressure surface on blades． The source of pressure pulsation on volute spiral section is the periodic shedding vortex on the impeller，especially in the tongue． There are two pairs of vortices in diffusion section of volute． One is the main vortex from the volute spiral section and the other is the secondary vortex－Carmen vortex falling off the tongue position，where it forms a pair of irregular vortex at volute outlet． The paper can provide a theoretical basis for vortex control and flow drag reduction in centrifugal pumps．

In order to study the design method of the submersible agitator impeller，the internal flow mechanism of the flow field，the impeller model of the submersible agitator are modified based on the design method of axial flow pump impeller． Variable circulation method is adopted to design the impeller． The submersible agitator impeller is designed by the hydraulic design software． After establishing the three－dimension model and meshing them，numerical simulation is calculated． The results are compared with the axial flow pump ZM30 model and the Beite impeller． The model test of the impeller is finally carried out to verify the good agitation performance．

Based on the theory of rigid water hammer and the theory of full characteristics of pump, a mathematical model is established for the transition process of axial flow pump using siphon outlet channel and calculation analysis is carried out. When the pump is started, the influence of different opening time of the outlet gate on the system parameters is analyzed in the most unfavorable working condition. And when the pumps station encounters an emergency shutdown, the limit outlet water level value exceeding the hump elevation was found, and on this basis, the two-stage closing process of the gate was optimized. The calculation results show that: in order to ensure that the pumping station unit does not overload during the starting process, the opening time of the gate should not exceed 60s; To ensure the safe operation of the pumping station, the limit outlet water level value exceeding the height of the hump bottom should be less than 1m; In the normal shutdown situation, the gate quickly closed for 62.5 percent in first 10s, and closed for the rest in the other 90s is the optimal shutdown process.