In order to evaluate the potential of saving water and reduce fertilizers in water and fertilizer management of vegetable garden in solar greenhouses，a comprehensive experimental design method is adopted，the effects of water saving and nitrogen reduction on plant height，stem diameter，chlorophyll and yield of tomato are studied under the conditions of drip irrigation and under film furrow irrigation in solar greenhouse． The results show that: compared to under film furrow irrigation，drip irrigation technology tomato stem diameter increases by 3% ～ 6%，chlorophyll increases by 0% ～ 15%，the yield increases by 5% ～ 10%; for the same kind of irrigation technology，high irrigation can increase the yield 0% ～ 15%． In autumn and winter test two kinds of irrigation technology conditions，moderate nitrogen application increases the yield by 18．8% and 12． 7% compared with the low nitrogen application rate，and increases the yield by 13． 6% and 16． 9% compared with the high nitrogen application rate． Overall consideration，drip irrigation technology is better than under film furrow irrigation technology，the experience irrigation amount of the garden can meet the growth and yield of tomatoes，the amount of nitrogen fertilizer can be reduced properly in the later topdressing process

Proportional water-driven fertilizer applicator has the advantages of high fertilization accuracy and stable operation，and is more and more widely used in the drip irrigation system． In order to achieve the irrigation uniformity required by the design，the head pressure of the drip irrigation system should not be less than design pressure． In this study，the performance of the hydraulically driven proportional fertilizer is tested and the effect is analyzed by keeping the head pressure unchanged The amount of fat absorption of the various factors． The results show that the flow rate at the inlet of fertilizer pump increases first and then decreases with the increase in differential pressure within the range of designed flow rate． The proportion of fertilization does not affect the inlet flow rate basically． When the pressure difference is 0．02 ～ 0．035 MPa，the operation performance is stable． Difference between the measured value of the proportion of suction and the deviation of the set value increases with the increase in the proportion of suction，with the same ratio of absorption of fertilizer，fertilizer pump outlet and after the import of the quality of the liquid pipette after the percentage concentration does not basically change with time，with the increase in fertilizers in the barrels of fertilizer concentration increases，reflecting the proportion of fertilization pump characteristics of high uniformity． In order to improve fertilization accuracy，it is not advisable to use a larger pressure drop and a smaller proportion of fertilizers at run time，as well as a smaller pressure drop and a larger proportion of fertilizers．

Based on the "Simen No 6" as the test material, the water and fertilizer coupling model and the effect of drip irrigation under the film drip irrigation were studied by using the three factors and five levels of the design of secondary universal rotary combination design method in Ningxia arid area Yanchi County Hua Machi Town Tian jizhang village. the study results showed that under the experimental conditions, the correlation coefficient of irrigation quota, nitrogen, phosphorus and yield was 0.96, and the regression relationship between water and fertilizer treatment and yield was extremely significant. The water and fertilizer coupling model could be used to forecast the yield. The order of influence of each factor on yield was irrigation quota> pure phosphorus> net nitrogen application. The interaction between the factors on the yield was water and nitrogen> nitrogen and phosphorus> water and phosphorus, and high nitrogen with high water, medium nitrogen with phosphorus production higher. The two factors of irrigation quota, nitrogen and phosphorus were determined as zero level, and the yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of the other factors. The optimal combination scheme of water and fertilizer under different target yields is obtained by model optimization, which provides theoretical guidance for the development of water - saving and fertilizer - saving, efficient utilization of water resources and the development of maize industry in arid area.

In order to calculate the medium irrigation district field water utilization coefficient of the Eastern Xinjiang, the coefficient of field water utilization was first calculated, and then the field water utilization coefficient of the medium-scale irrigation district was calculated. The results showed that the field water utilization coefficient showed a trend of "anti-s-s-type" over time and decreased significantly in the period from early July to late July. The difference of soil texture and irrigation method can result in the difference of water utilization coefficient in the field. Summarized and calculated the field water use coefficient of medium-sized irrigated district in eastern Xinjiang was 0.852. This article provides a good method for calculating the coefficient of field water utilization in irrigated district, and also provides technical basis for efficient water-saving agriculture in irrigated district.

The improved INFIL3．0 model is used to calculate groundwater recharge，and the spatial evolution of the groundwater recharge is analyzed under the influence of irrigation and urbanization in the Northwest Plains of Shandong Province． The results show that the groundwater recharge is 105mm and the recharge coefficient was 0． 13 from 2001 to 2009，and the results are validated． The spatial and temporal variability of groundwater recharge is large． In time，the inter -annual changes of groundwater recharge are larger，showing an increasing trend． There are two peaks during the year，respectively，in April and October． In space，groundwater recharge increases from northwest to southeast and spatial distribution is significantly affected by irrigation． The spatial evolution of groundwater recharge shows that there is some water-saving potential in the Northwestern Plains of Shandong Province． The expansion of urbanization will lead to a decrease in recharge． Weakly permeable area increase by 10%，groundwater recharge reduces by 10 mm． The calculation results of INFIL3．0 model can provide technical supports for regional groundwater resource evaluation．

Agricultural water saving zoning can promote regional water resources utilization, is one of the effective method to alleviate water shortage in agriculture. The present situation of the shortage of water resources in Heilongjiang province, agricultural water consumption is big, has carried on the agricultural water saving zoning in the region. Based on the natural geography, climate, hydrology, Heilongjiang province social economy and agricultural structure, construction of agricultural water saving zoning index system, using the PSR model based on rough set theory is combined with ArcGIS space visual function could be divided into four agricultural water saving zoning, Heilongjiang province, and to research its spatial pattern. The results show that the Harbin, Qiqihar, Kiamusze and Suihua priorities to develop water-saving agriculture, Jixi, Shuangyashan, and Heihe region can be moderately develop water-saving agriculture, Mudanjiang, Daqing and Hegang can be encouraged to develop water-saving agriculture, Qitaihe, Yichun and the Da Hinggan Ling Prefecture at present is not suitable for water saving agriculture.This research through analyzing the characteristic of the Heilongjiang agricultural water saving zoning, and combining the natural, social and economic conditions in different areas of the corresponding countermeasure and the suggestion, in order to promote long-term stable development of agriculture.

The shortage and the irrational utilization of water resources are serious problems in China, current problems based on water resources, reasonable optimal allocation of water resources is particularly important.On the basis of previous studies, this paper introduces a new bionic intelligent algorithm: whale optimization algorithm,with the advantages of simple parameters, fast convergence and global optimization, the algorithm is applied to the optimal allocation of water resources, and to the eastern plain area of Handan city as the research area for optimal allocation of water resources reasonable.The results show that the contradiction between supply and demand of water supply departments in different regions has been eased in normal flow year and high flow year,however, the low flow year is still in water shortage in all regions. Through the research in this paper, the whale optimization algorithm has better feasibility in water resource optimization, and provides a new research method for water resources optimal allocation..

In order to research the source and age of groundwater in the middle reaches of Shitoukoumen Reservoir, the isotope samples of various kinds of water was collected, the 2H, 18O and 3H was detected. The isotopes characteristic of research area was analyzed. The result showed that the source of groundwater in research area was precipitation. The age of most groundwater was smaller than 10 yours, some groundwater source was the mix of modern water and nuclear explosion period water. The contact of surface water and groundwater was close. The deep groundwater was influenced by geochemistry effect.

Abstract: Evaluation of the utilization of water resources has important significance in reasonable exploitation, effective utilization and comprehensive management of regional water resources. This paper reviews the Falkenmark index and water stress indicator method. Since the water stress indicator method has guiding significance and its data sources is easily accessed , We use water stress indicator method to assess water stress of first-grade districts of water resources in China through collecting data of gross amount of water resources and water consumption among first-grade districts of water resources in China from 2006 to 2015. The spatial region ratio of slightly exploited district, moderately exploited district and heavily exploited district of the utilization of water resources are zoned. This study offers the reference for the sustainable utilization of water resources in large spatial scales.

In order to investigate the potential risk of polluted Shima Ｒiver＇s overflow to the water quality of intake of the Dongshen Water Supply Project，the influence of the discharge flow on the flow upstream of the Dongshen Water Supply Project is studied by means of statistical analysis and numerical simulation． The results show that the discharge flow has an inhibitory effect on the flow upstream of the water intake． Under the most unfavorable hydrological conditions，when the discharge flow reaches the critical value of 1 380 m3 / s，the tidal current of the water intake is no longer flowing upstream． While the discharge flow exceeds 1 380 m3 / s，the discharge of Shima Ｒiver does not change the flow direction or affect the water quality of the water intake． The trend is closely related to the terrain． If the Dongjiang Ｒiver declines by 2 and 6 m，the Dongjiang Hydor Project Discharge is required to reach 1 550 and 1 660 m3 / s to prevent the flowing upstream of the water intake

According to the cushion volute of Baihetan hydropower station, the influence of the thickness, the bottom end angle, the distance from the top end to machine pit, elastic modulus, and heat conductivity coefficient of cushion material on the hoop temperature stress of concrete is studied by using finite element software ANSYS and considering concrete creep. The results show that the size and performance of the cushion material have influence on the hoop temperature stress of concrete, and the bottom end angle, the distance from the top end to machine pit and heat conductivity coefficient have the most sensitive influence. The research results provide a valuable reference for other similar projects.

Since there are some disadvantages of the traditional tension-type anchorage cable used in geotechnical engineering, a new kind of compaction-type prestressed anchor cable is proposed. The systematic researches on the stresses states between conical tube and grout, grout and anchor hole wall are carried out by finite element analysis. The distribution characteristics of the shear stresses between the conical tube and the grout, the grout and the surrounding rocks under the large tonnage loads of over 3000kN are mainly studied. It is shown that the maximum shear stress between conical tube and grout takes place at the bottom of the interior bond section when the conical tube squeezes the grout under loading. At the same time, the maximum shear stress gradually increases with the increase of loading. Influences of arrangement type of conical tube on anchorage performance are also discussed. Considering the load transfer mode of this compaction-type prestressed anchor cables, it is suggested that the pull rod and the conical tube be connected in series in order to further disperse compression stresses of grout under the large tonnage cable loading.

To improve the utilization rate of agricultural irrigation water and realize the linkage of the integrated gate of full channel measurement and control and the crop precision irrigation in irrigation area，the South trunk irrigation area of Changma in Shule Ｒiver have introduced the whole channel control integrated control system of Australia Ｒubicon 63 since 2012． The system uses the feedback and feedforward joint control technology，and combines the flow measurement，the upstream and downstream water level and the gate． It can accurately control the water transport efficiency in the channel，minimize the fluctuation of the water level and ensure the stability of the irrigation and water supply in all farmland．

In order to investigate the role of compression shear processes on the variation of flowing pattern through rough-walled granite fractures and critical Reynolds number, it is carried out by JAW-1000 system that the shear flow experiment of the artificial splitting granite joints with similar roughness. In this shear-flow test, at each shear displacement, with different hydraulic gradients several high-precision water flow tests were carried out and then the seepage discharge is measured and the critical Reynolds number is calculated. The results show that，(1) When the hydraulic gradient is higher than 0.05MPa/m, deviation from the linearity in flow through the fracture becomes more evident and inertial pressure drop cannot be neglected with regard to viscous pressure drop. (2) The linear and nonlinear pressure drops highly depend on the joint aperture and touches state : the fluid in joints is linear fluid when it's in a shear contraction phase. With the increase of the shear displacement, it enters the shear dilatation phase, and then the fluid flow through rough-walled rock fractures he becomes nonlinearity fluid flow from the linear fluid flow gradually. (3) In the shearing process, with the increase of the joint aperture, the critical Reynolds number of nonlinear seepage increases slightly, but basically keeps stable after entering the shear dilatation phase.

: Combined with the No． 5 overflow section of Yangshengguan Ｒeservoir，the hydraulic model test method is used to analyze the discharge capacity of overflow weir，the flow pattern，pressure of the spillway stepped surface and the energy dissipation rate of stepped spillway and stilling basin． The results show that the actual over-flow capacity of overflow weir meets the design requirements． The water flow in the stepped surface is slip flow with sufficient aeration，the flow pattern is good． The flow pattern in the stilling basin is disorderly，and the water surface in the tail is strongly fluctuated． Negative pressure prevails near the convex corner，but its magnitude is small． The energy dissipation rate of the stepped spillway and stilling basin exceeds 90% under all three characteristic conditions，and most of the energy is eliminated on the stepped surface of the spillway

This study investigates the deformation and shearing characteristics of Ili loess by changing moisture content to offering a guiding significance to the construction project in the future． The remolded loess and original loess with different moisture content are prepared with loess in Ili，Xinjiang． The compression test and direct shear test are conducted to study deformation characteristics and shear strength indexes of loess with different moisture content． With the increase in moisture content，the void ratio of the loess of the Ili gradually decreases with the same vertical pressure condition，and the compression modulus decreases gradually． While the shear strength of the loess in Ili decreases gradually，the cohesion of the shear strength index decreases gradually，and the internal friction angle changes little

Tunnel group construction has a lot of factors and constraints． It is uncertain and risky． It is difficult to predict and calculate the construction period． Difficulties and characteristics of schedule planning and control of water conveyance tunnel group of Thousand-Islet Lake water distribution project are analyzed． Construction progress simulation of tunnel construction by drilling and explosion method is established to realize the detailed simulation of the construction process． The construction schedule simulation can simulate，choose and optimize the construction period，the construction program and the key construction parameters of Thousand -Islet Lake water distribution project． The simulation results show that the proposed overall construction scheme and construction period are feasible． The construction can be completed within a predetermined time by scientific management and strict control of the scene． The construction period can be further reduced by optimizing the drilling and blasting parameters． Optimization and comparison of blasting parameters are suggested during the early stages of the project． The trackless transportation and output slag scheme has the comprehensive advantages of economy，flexible，reliability and construction convenience． The scheme is recommended for use if the dump truck fumes can be controlled well

ccording to the structure characteristics of crescent rib bifurcation .In Hanshan reservoir crescent rib bifurcation design as an example. Bifurcated pipe body structure is determined by CAD method, and directly obtaining the parameters for calculating the inner and outer edges of the crescent rib by geometric analytic method. And then calculate and determine the rib crescent form . The design idea is clear, and the amount of calculation is few.It is a simple and efficient design method of crescent rib bifurcated pipe.

The foundation of coastal sluice is weak, the anti-punching ability is poor, and the water level under the sluice also fluctuates frequently with the tides, which brings great pressure on the safety and operation maintenance of the sluice. Based on the east gate 2 of Oufei reclamation project as an example, article use physical model to test the design tidal level below the sluice, energy dissipation design, the apron layout and flushing time to carry out the analysis of main influence parameters, to reveal the causes and characteristics of the scour. And on that basis, put forward the improvement direction and optimization solutions, eliminates the up-do scour problems existing in the traditional arrangement, results can be reference for similar projects.

The construction process of tunnel groups is complex and the construction site is limited． Professional types during the construction vary and there is too much mutual interference of these types． There exist a lot of uncertainties and risk factors． The formulation of the construction schedule and the control of the implementation are complex． In order to improve the scientific and efficiency of schedule simulation of tunnel groups＇ construction，a construction schedule simulation system based on drilling and blasting method which is used for assistant decision of establishing the schedule plan is designed． This simulation system is on the basis of system design and simulation theory of discrete system，and the CYCLONE model of the drilling and blasting construction is the center of the system． The functions of the simulation system include engineering data management，construction schedule simulation，network planning analysis，and statistical analysis，which have achieved the target functions of simulation and optimization of the construction schedule，construction schemes optimization and construction period optimization and so on． Accurate reference data and reasonable measures for the construction organization design and construction schedule control of tunnel groups are provided by this system． The application in Qiandao Lake water distribution project further validates the adaptability and universality of this system． 

In this paper, with the second pumping station of Jiayu Wharf in Xianning City, Hubei Province as the research object, the flow field of the forebay of the pumping station with no diversion pier, straight diversion pier and bend diversion pier is simulated by using RNG k-ε turbulence model and VOF multiphase flow model numerical simulation method and the corresponding shrinkage hydraulic model tests are also done. The numerical results show that for this pump station, in the form of three diversion piers the bend diversion piers have good effect on the flow direction, which can obviously eliminate the recirculation flow on the outside of the diversion canal; and the obstruction to the flow is small, which is beneficial to improve the water intake condition of the pumping station. The results of the hydraulic model test are similar to those of the numerical simulation results, which verify the reliability of the numerical simulation results and conclusions.

The pressure fluctuation test of the underwater self-excited pulsed jet device is carried out by using a self-developed jet test system, the time domain waveform of pressure fluctuation under different operating parameters was obtained. The Savitzky-Golay smoothing method be used to analysis the time-frequency characteristic of the device pressure fluctuationof inspiratory and non inspiratory, different confining pressure and different working pressure conditions. The results showed thatthe time-frequency distribution of pressure pulsation of the device is better when there is a proper confining pressure range. The pressure pulsation in the device exit of lower nozzledecreases with the increase of confining pressure and working pressure. The pressure pulsation of the target decreases with the increase of confining pressure, but it increases gradually with the increase of working pressure. The pressure pulsation of the inspiration of the device is greater than without the inspiration, the pressure pulsation and pulsation frequency of the device is relatively stable on device inspiration, and the main frequency band is obvious. The underwater self-excitation pulsed jet device has the function of selecting, amplifying and stabilizing the pressure pulsation of the jet.

In order to improve the flow pattern in the forebay near the pier of asymmetric combined sluice-pump station，the CFX software is used to simulate the flow． The main research is done on the law of water flow under the rectification measures of adding a circular arc-shaped diversion pier at the pier，and then the arc-shaped diversion pier in different radius of the optimal rectification program is selected． The results show that there is a large-scale recirculation zone in the front pool close to the pier，and the water flows obliquely into the inflow channel in the absence of the rectification measures，resulting in obvious vortexes near the pier，seriously affecting the inflow of 1# and 2# intake water channel． Six diversion measures of diversion piers are adopted respectively to adjust the fluid flow in the forebay． Compared with the original scheme，under the second kind of scheme，the axial velocity distribution uniformity at inlet section of inlet 1 # increases by 3．63%，the weighted average angle of section velocity reaches 84．37°，increases by 5．66°． It is concluded that when the horizontal projection length of the circular section of the head of the diversion pier is equal to the radius Ｒ of the pier，when the radius is ( 1．0 ～ 1．2) Ｒ，the rectification effect is the best． The research results can provide some references for improving the flow pattern in the forebay near the pier of combined sluice-pump station．

Abstract: In order to reduce the daily operation cost of the cascade pump station, reduce the running time of optimization algorithm and easy to manage the cascade pump station. The optimal scheduling of cascade pumping stations with variable frequency pump is a complex multi-objective decision problem. This article will split it to reduce the two problems, the optimization of energy consumption and the electricity cut. For energy consumption optimization problem of cascade pumping station. The cascade pump station model is decomposed into a single-stage pump station subsystem model and a single-stage pump station interactive subsystem model by applying the method of decomposition coordination. The subsystem of the single-stage pump station is decomposed into the working frequency pump and variable frequency pump subsystem model. Each subsystem model is solved by implicit enumeration method and dynamic programming method For the electricity bill, an analogy is made between the three conditions of optimization without any optimization, optimization of energy consumption and the allocation of daily flow rate. A dynamic programming solution is also used for the daily flow distribution model. The results show that the dynamic programming(DP)- decomposition and coordination method can optimize the cascade pumping station with variable frequency pump, and the energy consumption and daily operating expenses of cascade pumping stations are significantly reduced. Compared with the optimization scheduling of cascade pumping station with variable frequency pump only with dynamic programming, the operation time step of the algorithm is greatly reduced based on DP and decomposition-coordination method. The intelligent optimization scheduling system is designed and developed by DP- decomposition and coordination method, which realizes real-time control integration and convenient management

In order to explore the influence of the two-stage closing time and the closing angle of the liquid-controlled butterfly valve on the parameters of the hydraulic transition in the water supply project of the pump station.Based on Zhuangtou pump station in Shanxi Province, this paper numerically simulates the stopping of pump water hammer at different closing times and different closing angles of a unit in the pumping station.The results show that the maximum pressure of the pipeline and the maximum reverse rotation speed of the butterfly valve increase with the closing time of the first phase of the butterfly valve, the minimum pressure of pipeline showed a decreasing trend;With the increase of the closing time of the second stage, the positive and negative pressure changes of the pipeline showed a gentle, large and gentle trend.When the two-stage butterfly valve closes for a certain time, the maximum pressure of the pressure pipe and the maximum reverse rotation speed of the pump are inversely proportional to the closing angle of the first phase of the butterfly valve,the minimum pressure of pipeline increases gradually with the increase of the closing angle of the first phase of the butterfly valve within a certain range. This study is of reference significance for the application of the two-stage pilot butterfly valve in related water supply projects.

According to the principle of physical adsorption, the cylindrical activated carbon, granular activated carbon and silty-fine sand were selected to study the effects of aerobic nitrogen on the nitrate pollution in the rainwater. Four groups of indoor column experiments and two sets of site in situ test were done in the shallow unsaturated zone. The results show that the adsorption capacity of the soil for nitrate from aqueous solution was weak and the removal effect was not obvious. However, the removal rate of nitrate nitrogen in infiltration water was up to 92.5% when mixed with granular activated carbon and silty-fine sand The saturation adsorption capacity is 1.76mg/g. The material cost is low and the technology is simple and easy to operate. From the microscopic point of view, the three-stage phenomenon of the first decline and then rise in the final balance trend of nitrate nitrogen concentration is analyzed. Its mechanism is also discussed in detail. Thus it can provide reference material for the green area or parking area

A three-dimensional tidal flow model of Guanhe Estuary is set up based on unstructured grid ocean model ( FVCOM) ． In order to make it fit the complex irregular coastline boundary better，triangle mesh is adopted in the horizontal direction and the σ?coordinate is used in the vertical direction． The results reveal that the simulated values agree well with the observations． The model is better for simulating the spatial and temporal distribution of the tidal flow in Guanhe Estuary． The horizontal current is dominated by rotational flow，and the velocity increases from north to south． The Euler residual current near shore are coast current from north to south． The hydrodynamic exchange of Guanhe Estuary and Haizhou Bay is mainly driven by currents． The main mechanism of residual eddies may be the interaction of tidal waves with topography and shoreline．

Groundwater Monitoring has been carried out in Langfang for more than 30 years focusing on plains． The perennial dynamic characteristics and evolution of groundwater flow field and influencing factors are analyzed by means of statistics． The result shows that: ① The shallow groundwater level in Langfang plain areas has declined continuously during the last 35 years． It has decreased by 7．97 m and the average decreasing rate is 0．23 m/a． ② The shallow groundwater flow field was in the natural state in the early stage of monitoring in 1974． The water level decreased rapidly during the 1999 － 2000 period，in 2000 after entering the water level constant decline period，the groundwater flow field changed from natural condition with the formation of groundwater depression core and changes of flow direction． ③ Precipitation were important factors for the variation of groundwater flow field，while the artificial exploitation was a dominant factor．

To improve the phenol removal rate for the purpose of changing reaction conditions，this paper studies the effects of potassium ferrate on the removal of simulated phenol wastewater for 1 min，the completion of the oxidation reaction，and the change of pH value in the final filtrate after flocculation reaction． The mechanism of the process is analyzed by the change in pH value． The results show that: Oxidation -flocculation ( adsorption) of potassium ferrate to remove phenol from simulated wastewater，after rapid reaction for 1 min，the pH of the final filtrate is the highest at the optimum temperature． After the flocculation reaction，the pH value of the filtrate will increase first and then decrease with the dosage of potassium ferrate，and the pH value of the final filtrate is fixed in the alkaline range of 7．22 ～ 12．05 with the change in the pH value of the raw water inside． The results show that more acid is produced under better oxidation conditions，and the pH value tends to decrease，and Fe( OH) 3 is produced under better flocculation conditions to increase the pH value of the final filtrate trend，but the final filtrate pH will be fixed in the weak alkaline range． This study provides a theoretical guidance for the change in pH of potassium ferrate to remove phenol．

The risk assessment of groundwater pollution is affected by the type of pollution source，soil and groundwater，and is currently evaluated generally based on the DＲASTIC model． In this study，the DＲABICLE model of groundwater pollution risk assessment under the condition of complex pollution sources is put forward developed on the basis of DＲASTIC for the condition of the relatively flat terrain and heavy remnant industrial and agriculture pollution in Chaoyang District of Beijing． The model is applied to the risk assessment of groundwater pollution in Chaoyang District，Beijing． Its results show that the spatial distribution of groundwater pollution risk is consistent with the measured results of groundwater quality． This study provides a basic support for groundwater pollution prevention and control in Chaoyang District．

In order to improve the water supply and water conservation capacity of the river basin, maintain the ecological health of the river basin and protect the rivers and lakes wetlands in the downstream, a joint dispatching scenarios of the Xitai ＆ Wayan reservoir is proposed based on the balance of water supply and demand in dry season. Meanwhile the scheduling rules of Wayan reservoir was studied. The results show that the reservoir ecology joint dispatching program optimizes the water supply process, which can guarantee the ecological water consumption of the river channel in dry season, alleviate the problem of regional water shortage and provide the technical basis and theoretical support for the decision maker and the manager.

With the development of urbanization，the permeable soil surface area through which recharge by infiltration can occur is decreasing． This results in much less ground-water recharge and greatly increased surface run-off． Infiltration devices，which redirect run-off waters from the surface to the sub-surface environments，are commonly adopted to mitigate the negative hydrologic effects associated with urbanization． Therefore，the theoretical model of infiltration trenches is set up，and the forms of multi-functional integration and numerical computation methods for trenches are put forward． Secondly，taking Hebi City situated in Henan Province and national sponge urban construction experiment plot as an example，the design of trapezoidal and rectangular section of infiltration trenches，and the relevant parameters are considered． It is proved by practice that the present findings play an important role in the development of infiltration rate method，recharge for ground water calculation，drainage time determination，storm water management and solution of the best management practices．

In a power system that includes hydropower, the abandoned water of hydropower stations has become a key factor that influences their economic benefit. In order to reduce the amount of abandoned hydropower, a more systematic optimization method of electric power and energy balance is necessary in the phases of power grids’ planning, design and generation scheduling, where the maintenance plan of each power plant is made and the reserve load is allocated. In this paper, the causes of abandoned hydropower are analyzed firstly, and a model of minimum abandoned hydropower is established. Secondly, from the two facets of maintenance planning and reserve load distribution, the model is solved by an algorithm that couples successive approximation algorithm with estimation of distribution algorithm (EDA-SA), combining the method of shifting backward the remnant load. Finally, the optimization calculation of electric power and energy balance is conducted over each power station of a power system in a particular area, after which the maintenance plans as well as schemes of spare capacity allocation and load distribution are obtained. Compared with the traditional algorithm, the proposed algorithm produces less abandoned hydropower, which proves its effectiveness.

To make compensation benefit distribution of cascade hydro-power stations more reasonably and mobilize the stations＇ enthusiasm participating in joint operation，that is，to make the benefits maximum and take the fairness into consideration，the combination of the Critic Weight Analysis Method and Shapley Value Method is proposed in this paper． The Critic-Shapley model is established by comparing other methods，which is applied to compensation benefits sharing three hydro-power stations in a basin cascade，as a reference for operating the joint． The results show that this method not only takes the fairness of benefit sharing into consideration，but also focuses on the differences between the stations，such as installed capacity，guaranteed output power，the annual average generating capacity and effective storage capacity． The distribution results are relatively fair and reasonable． In particular，the enthusiasm of leading power plant and downstream power plants at all levels participating in joint operation is mobilized，which is in favor of achieving the joint operation and maximum benefits of basin cascade．