As the main way to replenish soil water resources, infiltration determines the effective storage of soil for precipitation and irrigation, and affects crop growth and yield. On the basis of reviewing the research progress of basic theory, measurement methods, basic equations and influencing factors of soil infiltration, this paper focuses on the existing problems and future development directions. Traditional soil infiltration research focus on single-point monitoring, that is necessary to fully consider the effects of environmental changes to quantitatively analyze the temporal and spatial variability of soil infiltration. Monitoring methods are limited by scale. The basic equation is dominated by the single infiltration process of the soil unit, and the synergy of the SPAC system needs to be further considered. Therefore, it is urgent to combine the advantages of single-point monitoring, remote sensing monitoring and numerical simulation. Strengthen the research of temporal and spatial dynamic characteristics of soil infiltration under climate change and human disturbance.

Based on the weighing lysimeter system and the 20 cm diameter pan, the effects of three irrigation water levels (I1, Kcp1:0.6; I2, Kcp2:0.8; I3, Kcp3:1.0) on greenhouse eggplant transpiration, yield and water use efficiency in autumn season were studied. The results showed that the diurnal variation curves of transpiration rate under the different irrigation treatments had a single-peak, and the peak appeared at 12:00~13:00. The peak transpiration rate increased with increasing of irrigation volume. Compared with treatment I1, the transpiration rate of treatments I2 and I3 had increased by 40.0% and 55.0% in blossom and fruit-set period, respectively. The amount of transpiration was higher (35.3~49.9 mm) in blossom and fruit-set period than in other growth period, which had accounted for 8.7%~42.0% of the total transpiration amount. Environmental factors significantly affected the daily transpiration of eggplant in greenhouse (P<0.01), in which the daily transpiration has the highest correlation with photosynthetic effective radiation and the lower correlation with the daily average temperature. The total transpiration amount of treatments I2 and I3 increased compared with the treatment I1, with increasing of 24.9% and 53.2%, respectively. Increasing the amount of irrigation could increase the greenhouse eggplant yield. The yield of treatment I2 was not significantly different from that of treatment I3, but increased significantly by 44.7% compared with that of treatment I1. Treatment I2 had the highest water use efficiency (25.5 kg/m3), which was increased by 15.9% and 13.3% compared with treatments I1 and I3, respectively. Considering the transpiration rate, yield and water use efficiency of greenhouse eggplant, treatment I2 (Kcp2: 0.8) was the better irrigation level, which can reduce the irrigation amount and increase the yield and water use efficiency.

Accurate simulation of growth stages is the key to predict the impacts of climate change on crop water consumption in the future. However, there are great differences among different growth period models, and their uncertainties have not been fully studied. In this paper, three fully calibrated and validated rice growth period models (ORYZA2000, CERES-RICE and RCM) combined with CMIP5 atmospheric circulation data were used to simulate the variation trend of rice growth period in Sichuan Province in the next three periods (2020s, 2050s and 2080s) under two scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Then combined with water balance model and rice conventional irrigation schedule, the change of irrigation water requirement was predicted, and the uncertainty of simulation results was evaluated. The results showed that the significant increase of temperature in the future would shorten the growth period of rice in Sichuan Province, and the significant increase of precipitation would lead to a significant reduction of irrigation water demand. There are some differences in simulating rice growth period and irrigation water requirement in different growth period models. The deviations of three growth period models in simulating future rice growth period length are - 2.8 days, - 2.3 days, + 4.2 days, respectively. The deviations of simulated irrigation water requirement are - 1.4%, - 2.4%, + 3.8%, respectively. It indicated that the deviation is within acceptable limits.

According to the problems of the current irrigation quota standard in Hubei Province，the calculation parameters of irrigation quota for the late rice in different districts and its changing law are calculated and analyzed by using irrigation test results and survey data in typical counties． Considering the impact of tillage method and irrigation mode on irrigation quotas of the late rice，the irrigation quota of late rice is calculated for different composite modes in Hubei Province ( artificial tillage－shallow irrigation optimum storage，mechanical tillage－shallow irrigation optimum storage，artificial tillage－intermittent irrigation，mechanical tillage + intermittent irrigation) ，and the rationality analysis is carried out． The calculation results can reflect the water utilization level of the late rice irrigation in Hubei Province，and the applicable conditions of different irrigation quotas are proposed． The results of this study have an important guiding significance for the water resources management in Hubei Province and the revision of the late rice irrigation quota in other regions．

The soil moisture content is an important factor affecting the growth and development of crops． The water cloud model is used to eliminate the influence of vegetation on the backscattering in the study area． And the relationship between the normalized water index and the vegetation water content is establish to extract the vegetation water content parameters needed in the model． The AIEM model combined with the roughness parameter Zs is used to establish an empirical model for soil moisture inversion in the study area． The correlation between the inversion results of the model and the measured values is 0．7． The water cloud model and AIEM model are combined to retrieve soil moisture， and satisfactory results are obtained． The method has high applicability.

This paper takes the sprinkler irrigation of photovoltaic water－raising grassland in the alpine region of Tibet as the research object， and uses the solar radiation data of Muir station to construct the sunshine distribution function model and the maximum output power model of the photovoltaic array in order to calculate the peak value of the photovoltaic array system required for designing the irrigation area of 2．07 hm2 ． The peak power is optimized for the grassland with 32 photovoltaic panels，it can meet the irrigation demands during the growth period of the project area． The engineering application shows that the number and power of photovoltaic panels determined by the photovoltaic matching model and optimization calculation are feasible，which can drive the pump to operate normally and meet the requirements of oat irrigation．

Aiming at the problems such as unclear soil water distribution law and imperfect irrigation and fertilization system under the condition of drip irrigation and fertilization of Lycium barbarum in the arid area of central Ningxia. The effects of four-level nitrogen concentration (200, 300, 400, 500 mg /L) and four-level droper flow (0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9L/h) on soil moisture distribution in the horizontal and vertical directions of the wetting body were studied by using indoor soil box simulation. The results show that : the droper flow is the main factor affecting the moisture content of soil moisture. Under the same nitrogen concentration, the vertical water cut was higher than the horizontal water cut, and the water cut gradually increased with the increase of the droper flow, and the water cut and the distance between the tip presented a quadratic polynomial relationship; The upper moisture content contours in the humid area are generally u-shaped, the middle moisture content contours are generally roof shaped, and the lower moisture content contours are generally horizontally zoned; There is a high water-cut area under the droper flow, and the range of high water-cut area increases with the increase of flow rate. The results of this study can provide data support for the drip irrigation system of lycium barbarum plantation in the arid region of Ningxia.

Scientific assessment of water resources carrying capacity can promote the rational development and utilization of water resources.Based on information entropy and grey correlation theory, a water resources carrying capacity evaluation model based on grey correlation-entropy is established in this paper.The spatial difference of water resources carrying capacity in Pearl River Delta region is analyzed.The evaluation result shows that the main indicators affecting the carrying capacity of water resources are sewage discharge per unit area, water resources per capita and water consumption of 10,000 yuan industrial added value. Among the five subsystems of the evaluation system, the total weights of water resources, water resources quality and water use level are 80%. The water resources carrying capacity of the Pearl River Delta city from low to high are as follows: Foshan < Guangzhou < Guangzhou < Zhuhai < Jiangmen < Jiangmen < Huizhou.Based on the current situation of water resources utilization, this paper provides a more reasonable method for evaluating the carrying capacity of water resources in the Pearl River Delta, and puts forward some suggestions for rational exploitation and utilization of water resources.

The frequent occurrence of mountain flood disaster has threatened people’s life and property seriously, and the analysis of early warning index is of great importance to the prevention and control of mountain torrent. Based on HEC-HMS model, choosing the rainfall early warning index and considering synthetically the soil moisture content, confluence time, etc, the relationship between water level and discharge was got by Manning formula. And the model trial method was used to deduce the critical rainfall values. The threshold values of early warning index, which were under different soil moisture content conditions (dry, general, wet), could be determined, checked and verified, then error sources were analyzed. The results show that some of deviation degree values are less than 10%, which could be reasonable; the characteristic rainfall and the critical rainfall are mostly in the same frequency range, which means that the indicators are basically reasonable. For those flood-prone hilly areas lack of hydrological data, this paper provides the reference on the effective prevention and control of mountain flood disaster. And this method can be applied to get rainfall early warning index, when there’s no more precise method.

The catchment area is of great practical significance to the construction of dam reservoir and the size of bridge culvert． Based on the 30 m resolution raster DEM and existing vector river on the basis of the data，based on the 10．4 software toolbox and python programs， batch processing and calculation of Furongjiang Ｒiver Basin in Guizhou Province are more than 50 km2 river channel section of the catchment area． Ｒesults show that the batch processing under python environment has high calculation accuracy，calculation of 37 in the cross section of the river catchment area of the smallest absolute error ( Δ) of only 0．08 km2 ，minimum relative error ( m) is only 0．09%，the determination coefficient ( Ｒ2 ) is as high as 0．99，relative root mean square error ( ＲＲMSE) is only 2．74%，relative analysis of error ( ＲPD) is 49．01，far more than 2，the deviation of Bias is 2．88． Compared with manual sketching on topographic map，this method is faster in calculation，and the batch processing time through python is only 0．63% of manual processing time，which greatly saves production time and gains time cost． In this paper，the method is also applied to the Hongdu Ｒiver Basin，Tongzi Ｒiver Basin，Qijiang Ｒiver Basin，Chishui Ｒiver Basin，Dadukou  Ｒegion，Dadukou under the main stream region and Liupanshui Ｒegion of seven research areas and has obtained good verification results． So， this paper provides a new calculation method for the drawing of catchment area of river control section，and lays a foundation for the calculation of flow rate of ecological section and reservoir capacity curve of dam site．

The shortage of water resources is intensifying, and there is an urgent need for optimal allocation of water resources to improve the utilization efficiency of water resources. Nature-inspired meta-heuristic optimization algorithms are more and more applied to solve multi-objective optimal allocation of water resources. Aiming at the problem that the moth flame algorithm (MFO) has poor global convergence performance and is easy to fall into the local optimal solution, we combines the concept of Pareto optimal solution, introduce a fast non-dominated sorting strategy, the crowding distance and the crowded- comparison operator on the MFO. Then the improved moth flame algorithm is used to simulate three multi-objective functions such as ZTD1, ZTD2 and ZDT3. The results show that the obtained Pareto optimal front is close to the true Pareto optimal front, and the convergence performance and accuracy are better than most of the multi-objective optimization algorithms listed in this paper. Finally, the improved moth flame algorithm is applied to the optimal allocation of water resources in Sanya City, and 23 Pareto optimal solutions were obtained. The scheme with the special preference for the minimum water shortage is chosen as the final decision-making scheme. The results showed that the total water demand of different water users in Sanya City is 39015×104m3, the total water allocation of each water user is 39015×104m3, the water shortage is 0, and the economic benefit is 203.91×108 RMB. The improved moth flame algorithm provides a new method for multi-objective water resources optimization configuration problem.

Based on long-times series data of annual runoff and sediment at the key station along the lower reaches of Yangtze River, evolution characteristics and laws of annual runoff and sediment were revealed by means of Mann-Kendall and wavelet analysis, and its driving forces were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The amount of annual runoff showed a slightly decreasing trend and the amount of annual sediment showed an obviously decreasing trend. (2) The abrupt points of runoff occurred at 1955, and the amount of sediment changed in 1997. (3) Wavelet analysis indicated periodicities of 23 years and 24 years for annual runoff and sediment processes, respectively. (4) The cumulative sediment reduction was 22.13×108t from 1971 to 1996, while the cumulative sediment reduction was 44.44×108t from 1997 to 2015. (5) The significant reduction of annual sediment transport was less affected by rainfall, which was mainly contributed from sand controlling by reservoirs, sand mining on river channel, soil and water conservation engineering measures.

The runoff time series is complex and variable，and there are both non－periodic components ( trends，mutations，etc．) and multi －scale periodic variations． The multi － scale analysis of hydrological runoff is of great value． In this paper，the pole － symmetric mode decomposition ( ESMD) method is used to analyze the modal decomposition and time－frequency analysis of the long－term measured runoff of Yichang Hydrological Station． The trend，sudden change and periodic variation of the runoff at the station are obtained at different time scales． The runoff variation law before and after the storage of the Three Gorges Ｒeservoir is carried out． The results obtained by the ESMD method are verified by Mann－Kendall ( MK) method，wavelet transform method and Hilbert－Huang transform method in the traditional runoff analysis method． The results show that before and after the Three Gorges Ｒeservoir，the runoff at different time scales had the sudden change point around June 2003，and the trend items showed an insignificant decreasing trend，indicating the official water storage to runoff of the Three Gorges Project． It has obvious influences; the cycle of year，month and day shows consistency，which proves that runoff research has nesting on different scales，and ESMD method has better application effect on runoff multi－scale analysis．

The Northwest region is a typical ecologically vulnerable area in China． It＇s also an important region of economic development in the future． It is dry and less rainy，so a small number of lake wetlands are very important urban ecosystem and landscap． Aiming at the relationship between carrying capacity and development of typical urban areas in northwest China，this paper selects three lake wetlands in different degrees of economic development cities in Ningxia，based on DPSIＲ model，combining the results of water quality determination in lab，constitutes an evaluation indexes system of the water environmental carrying capacity，and adopts entropy weight and comprehensive index method for carrying capacity of water environment． The results show that the carrying capacity of Yin Chuan is more than that of Zhongwei City，both of which are barely bearable; the carrying capacity of Shi Zuishan is weak，which is lower than those two cities． The key limiting factors are water quality and level of environmental governance． So in the future transformation and development，the government can improve water quality of lake wetland，increase vegetation coverage，improve wastewater treatment and some other aspects to improve the quality of the urban environment and water environmental carrying capacity of urban lakes and wetlands．

As an important element of natural ecosystem and environment component，vegetation can reflect the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of comprehensive geographical systems under global climatic change and human disturbance，therefore it has a pivotal role in surface process and global change research． In this paper，vegetation coverage of Keriya Ｒiver Basin from 2002 to 2013 is estimated based on MODIS-NDVI time-series data and SＲTM data by using dimidiate pixel model，then the correlation between spatial-temporal changes of vegetation coverage and climatic factors is analyzed． Ｒesults show that: vegetation coverage of Keriya Ｒiver Basin has vertical zonal difference． On low hilly zone with the altitude of 3 000 ～ 3 500 m，the mean vegetation coverage reaches maximum value． Over the past 12 years，vegetation coverage in the basin as a whole has shown a decreasing trend，vegetation coverage in the upstream high mountain area， midstream alluvium and diluvium plain area and downstream desert vegetation decrease gradually． Vegetation coverage in the low hilly zone is on the rise and improved． Generally，in Keriya Ｒiver Basin，vegetation coverage is negatively correlated with temperature，positively correlated with precipitation．

In order to accurately plan and assess a city＇s flood resilience capacity under future underlying surface conditions，based on the urban growth SLEUTH model，this paper chooses Jinan City as a study area to predict its growth state by 2035 and has established Caflood model，a two－dimensional rain flooding simulation model． In addition，based on the torrential rain of 718 event in Jinan，flooding scenario in 2007 is compared with that in 2035 through model results and the impact of urban growth on storm floods is analyzed． The results show that the SLEUTH model has a good calibration and accurately predicts the urban growth state; the average error of the Caflood model verification is 0．135 m and that the predicted flooding situation in 2035 is basically similar to that in 2007，but the peak of flooding depth is advanced in 2035，the high－risk area is expanding and the flood risk level map indicates that the risk of flooding is more serious in 2035． The research results not only verify the validity and applicability of the two models，but also reflect the impact of urban growth on flood flooding to some extent，so they can provide theoretical guidance for urban planning and flood control early warning work in Jinan.

With the rapid economic and social development of the shallow hill water network area, north of the Hanjiang River in Jianghan Plain, Hubei Province, the pollution load into the rivers is increasing extensively. As the water flow in the shallow water network is limited, the water quality of the rivers and lakes in the area is much worsen currently which leads the water quality of the main rivers and lakes to class IV or inferior class V, generally. From the perspective of water environment improvement, this paper groups the rivers and lakes in Han River-Three Inland Rivers water network area to four basic units, backbone rivers, small tributaries, urban lakes and rural lakes. Then, a multi-unit and multi-basin coupling model for ecological environment water demand is proposed, to analyze the key technology of model construction and calculate the ecological environment water demand, based on the improvement of the water environment quality.

The distributed hydrological model SWAT is firstly applied in Longxi Ｒiver Basin in Luxian County as a typical area in this paper． Through the investigation，monitoring and simulation of the non－point source pollution in this basin，it has calculated quantitatively and analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution law of non－point source pollution，as well as the identification of the key pollution sources and the key pollution areas． The results show that: ① The SWAT model is highly applicable in the research area． The Nash efficiency coefficient of runoff and nitrogen and phosphorus load is between 0．6 and 0．75，and the determination coefficient is between 0．75 and 0．85，and the relative error is between 10% and 30%． ② The annual output of water，TN and TP are significantly higher in the wet period than in the level period，as well as in the level period than in the dry period． The yield in the wet period accounts for about 70%－80%，and the yield ratio in the dry period is less than 5%． ③ The non－point source pollution is the most important type of pollution in each sub－basin，among which the agricultural fertilizer pollution and the rural living pollution account for the largest proportion． ④ The rural living pollution has the largest impact on TN yield，and The agricultural fertilizer pollution has the largest impact on TP yield． ⑤ Yunjin Town is selected for prevention and control emphatically，as the sub－basin 11 and sub－basin 13 are the key areas of non－point source pollution． 

To improve the effluent quality of domestic sewage，the magnetic flocculation technology is used to treat the effluent from the secondary sedimentation tank of the domestic sewage treatment plant treated by conventional techniques． The single factor and orthogonal experiments are used to determine the optimal reaction condition of the deep treatment of domestic sewage by magnetic flocculation technology． The results show that the magnetic flocculation achieves the optimal condition when pH is at 8，the dosages of magnetic powder， PAC and PAM are 100，40 and 0．5 mg /L，respectively，and they are added according to the order of magnetic powder，PAC and PAM． Under this operating condition，the removal rates of effluent COD，SS，and TP are 89%，97%，and 74%，respectively，and all of them meet Class A standard． The magnetic flocculant has a fast settling velocity，a low water content and can be recycled，which serves as a reference for the upgrading of domestic sewage．The good quality of effluent by magnetic flocculation is due to the interaction of magnetic attraction and surface charge．

Aiming at the problems of uneven spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation，lack of water storage facilities and engineering water shortage in Guizhou karst mountainous area，the common technology of rainwater collection and utilization system is developed，and the feasibility of using rainwater collection device to collect rainwater for residential living and irrigation water is discussed． Natural rainwater can be collected，filtered，disinfected，stored and utilized by rainwater harvesting device to further purify water quality． The collected water quality meets the relevant standards of domestic water use and can be used in karst areas during drought and water shortage periods． At the same time，it solves the problem of water shortage during crop growth and development period and improves crop yield． A rainwater utilization technology system with low costs，high benefits，clean and sanitary drinking water safety for human and livestock has been formed． Ｒainwater harvest and utilization is an irreplaceable choice to solve the drinking water difficulties and agricultural supplementary irrigation in karst water －deficient mountainous areas，and to realize sustainable development of water resources in karst mountainous areas． It is an effective method and an important way to effectively solve water shortage． It is of great significance to the recycling of water resources in karst mountainous areas．

Because of the randomness and unpredictability of the pipe burst accident, it is generally impossible to directly measure the pressure and flow change process in the long-distance gravity flow water transmission system through the non-destructive test. In this paper, the boundary of pipe burst is incorporated into basic equation of water hammer in pipeline, the hydraulics model of pipe burst is established, and the characteristic line method is applied to solve it. By assuming that the pipe burst occurs at different locations of the pipeline, the pressure transient process and the leakage of the explosion pipe point in the pipeline under valve closure or not condition are compared and the results show that the leakage can be reduced obviously by selecting the appropriate closing law of the upstream and downstream valve of the burst point reasonably. Therefore it also avoids the secoind water hammer and secondary damage that may be induced by improper operation of the shutdown valve.

The evaluation index system of rural drinking water safety in Minhe County of Qinghai Province in this paper is studied． The evaluation index in the＜ Guidelines for Ｒural Drinking Water Safety Evaluation＞ ( T/CHES18－2018) is used as the first－level indicator， considering the actual situation of Minhe County，fourteen secondary indicators affecting rural drinking water safety in Minhe County are selected． The analytic hierarchy process and entropy method are used to obtain the weights of each evaluation index，and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is used to obtain the rural drinking water safety status in Minhe County． The results show that the eight indicators that have a great impact on the rural drinking water safety assessment in Minhe County are the water purification and disinfection facilities ( preparation) matching rate，actual water supply capacity，water quality compliance rate，tap water penetration rate，water source guarantee rate，and water intake time / Distance compliance rate，water quality monitoring capability and water supply guarantee rate; through the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method，the rural drinking water status of Minhe County scored 76．1335，indicating that rural drinking water in Minhe County is in a safe state． At the same time，it also put forward some suggestions on the construction and management of rural drinking water safety projects in Minhe County，such as the need to improve supporting facilities and strengthen water source protection．

Based on the actual observation data of the Huadian sluice, this paper uses the least squares fitting method to analyze the discharge coefficient, and discusses the applicability of each formula. Based on the actual situation and analysis results, we improved the logarithmic function of the fitting and analyzed the rationality of each formula in the free outflow interval, and decided to use the piecewise function form to represent the discharge coefficient formula. The results show that the piecewise function has an average simulation error of 10% and a high prediction accuracy.

Due to the need of economic development, qianchuan district of huangpi district, north of wuhan city,,proposed a new water intake at Yuanjisi reservoir..Because the site selection of the project is near the spillway of the built reservoir.In order to analyze the influence of water intake construction and operation on spillway,this paper discussed the change of spillway discharge capacity before and after construction and slope seepage stability respectively.We used Flow 3D software for modeling and comparative analysis of the flow field of different discharge conditions before and after engineering construction,and we used Geo studio software to select 2 adverse sections for modeling and seepage analysis.And the results showed that the change of spillway discharge rate before and after construction was less than 1% and the influence of flow field could be ignored.Besides,if pipe leakage happened,the largest hydraulic slope of the spillway slope was within the allowable range of the code and construction has little influence on the stability of the spillway seepage.This paper can be used as reference for similar engineering applications.

The flow discharge for agricultural irrigation needs to be regulated by flow control along the canal. Therefore, mastering the dynamic process of unsteady flow in the channel has important social value and application significance.In this paper, based on dispersing the Saint-Venant equation by the characteristic method, the non-constant flow transition process of some canals under the control of the gate is simulated. And the comparison with the simulation results of Mike11 software shows that the model built in this paper has certain reliability. In addition, a simple operation design of gate was carried out based on the simulation results .According to the theory of sluice outflow, the gate opening degree control model is established. The simulation results show that the gate opening degree also changes linearly under the condition of linear flow variation. The unsteady flow process in the channel is respectively simulated in the case of synchronization and step-by-step adjustment of multi-level gate, and the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods are summarized.

Numerical simulation methods are widely used to study the tensile properties of fiber reinforced concrete, including equivalent approach and discrete approach. However, due to the small size and large number of fibers, these methods are difficult to keep a balance between accuracy and efficiency in modeling fibers. The semi-discrete approach has been proposed in recent years to deal with the difficulty of fiber modeling, but it still needs a better constitutive model to describe the mechanical behavior of fibers. Through studying the multilinear damage theory of concrete, a damage model was proposed for the fibers connected with concrete no matter strongly or weakly. The damage models of both concrete and fibers were realized in a unified form. The unified damage model was embedded into the semi-discrete approach, and the relevant program was coded by FORTRAN. The improved semi-discrete approach can benefit the study of fiber reinforced concrete. Based on a uniaxial tensile test with a single aggregate concrete specimen and a single fiber pull-out test with a mortar specimen, the results of numerical test and physical test were compared to validate the unified damage model. By using the aggregate grading curve and the Monte Carlo method, a reinforced concrete specimen was generated with the complex distribution of fibers and aggregates. Through a series of uniaxial tensile numerical tests, the tensile strength, crack resistance and ductility of fiber reinforced concrete were studied under the effects of fiber content, fiber stiffness and mortar strength.

Side channel spillway is widely used in hydraulic engineering. When L-shaped side channel spillway is combined with main weir and side weir, the flow structure in side channel is very complex. In this paper, FLOW-3D flow calculation software was used to simulate the flow structure of L-shaped side channel spillway. Combined with the results of hydraulic model test, the hydraulic characteristic parameters such as flow pattern, velocity distribution, water surface line, pressure and efficiency in side channel were compared and analyzed. The results show that the numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the hydraulic model test. The interaction between the main weir and the side weir flow in the L-shaped spillway can effectively improve the overflow capacity, reduce the water level in the side channel and improving energy dissipation rate. At the same time, it further shows the feasibility of three-dimensional numerical simulation, which can provide reference for similar projects.

As a basic type of energy dissipation，underflow energy dissipation is commonly used in general sluices，medium and small overflow weirs or various discharge structures under poor geological conditions． Traditional underflow energy dissipaters are usually located in the straight reaches． Aiming at the technical problem that the underflow energy dissipaters have to be arranged in curved reaches due to the actual conditions，a comparison is made on the physical model test of a reservoir project，and in this project the above－mentioned technical problem is solved by the proposed energy dissipation structure of the main and auxiliary stilling basins with diversion－baffle piers． The test results show that the energy dissipater structure proposed in this paper is superior to the traditional linear stilling basin and the curved stilling basin layout schemes in terms of flow regimes，backflow intensity and slope erosion intensity．

For the effects of polluters’ information interaction on their value, which is neglected by the existing literature, we design an online auction mechanism with interdependent values to realize a fair and efficient allocation of initial emission permits. Firstly, we describe characteristics of interdependent values and market behaviors of polluters. Secondly, we establish an optimization model in order to maximize the income of society induced by sewage, and then, we give the concrete mechanism on the basis of the model. Thirdly, we prove that the mechanism not only can make real-time decisions, but also can attract polluters to volunteer for the auction and incentive each polluter to declare his truthful arrival time, depart time and evaluation information, thus realizing optimal allocation of the emission permits resources. Finally, a numerical example is given to show the applicability and operability of the auction mechanism proposed by this paper.

The purpose of this study is to allocate the water right which is obtained from county scale to different water use sectors reasonably, thereby to reduce the water right conflicts among water users and the cost of information search, negotiation and supervision due to the ambiguity of water right. Based on the economic development goals and the historical and current water use situation at county level, the basic principles for department-oriented initial water right allocation are proposed. The priority order for different water use departments is defined, and the multi-objective programming model is developed and applied in Binyang County, Guangxi Province. The results demonstrate that the county-level available water could only meet the demand of all water use sectors in Binyang County under the irrigation guarantee rate of 50%; the water shortage to agriculture sector would be more severe in 2030, and the shortage to industry sector also emerges. The analysis results and the corresponding solutions proposed will provide a practical method for the initial water right allocation in Binyang County.

Based on the RNG k-ε turbulence model and the Reynolds time-averaged N-S equation, the CFD commercial large-scale software is used to simulate the three-dimensional flow simulation and hydraulic performance of the box-carrying inlet and outlet vertical axial flow pump device. The tank culvert inlet flow passage is optimized separately by the partial and integral method, and then the tank culvert outlet passage is optimized in the integral pump device. The passage is characterized by the velocity uniformity and hydraulic loss of the outlet section, and the outlet flow passage is based on the pumping unit efficiency and hydraulic loss. According to the numerical simulation, the hydraulic loss of the optimized tank-type inlet flow passage is reduced from 7.52cm to 3.49cm, and the uniformity of the inlet flow passage of the box-type inlet passage is increased from 42.41% to 89.11%, and the suspended height H of the inlet passage. The connection angle α between the inlet horn and the impeller is most sensitive to the influence of the hydraulic characteristics of the inlet runner, and should be focused on the design. The hydraulic loss of the tank-carrying water passage is reduced from 87.15cm to 76.37cm. The design of the outlet passage should focus on the radius difference Δr between the diversion pier and the outlet trough tube and the radius R of the outlet diversion pier, suitable drainage diversion The radius of the pier is about 0.75 times the diameter of the vane outlet. Pump unit model test When the blade placement angle is -4 degrees, the efficiency of the pump device is 75.0% under the design condition, the maximum efficiency of the pump device is 75.67%, and the operating range of the high efficiency zone is wide; the numerical simulation and model test results can find the largest error no more than 5%, the overall performance curve trend is relatively good, indicating that the numerical simulation is reasonable for the optimization of the pump device, instructive for practical engineering.

The countryside small-sized irrigation pumping station takes a very important role in Chinese Agricultural production, a lack of management and low efficiency was a large number of countryside small-sized irrigation pumping stations’ biggest challenge. To solve the problems, a small-sized irrigation pumping station group monitoring control and management system has been designed in this paper ,the system adopted techniques of line communications ,wireless communications, sensor and automation.The hardware in this system are consist relays, water level sensors, hall sensors, smart meters, Intelligent electromagnetic flow meter , level gauges and camera. By this system and the epitasis software, we can collect dynamic small-sized irrigation pumping stations’ data, analysis and treat the data, simulate the status of equipments, save the data, make reports and print, intrusion alarm, etc. According to the data of the pumping stations with a long-time, the operation and management of pumping stations analyzed and evaluated, it guided the farmer irrigating, achieved the goal of high-efficiency and energy saving, high level automation, effective management, etc.