The aim of this work is to study the characteristics of nitrogen in the surface water under Yellow Ｒiver irrigation and promote the improvement of design and management of surface fertigation practice． Based on the experimental data from border irrigation surface water with the Yellow Ｒiver water under scattering and fertigating urea，this paper discusses the transportation and transformation of urea along the border lengthwise in surface water，the effects of surface hydraulic power and water quality，and the spatial and temporal distribution of the concentration of nitrogen． The results show that nitrogen mainly exists in the form of organic nitrogen，hydrolysis of urea needs a process． The sediment content is not the main reason of the change of nitrogen concentration along the border lengthwise． Under the influence of flow velocity，it is obvious of the washing in the border＇s front end and the accumulation in the back end of nitrogen in scattering，and the coefficient of correlation of concentrations of total nitrogen，organic nitrogen，ammonium and nitrate along the border lengthwise in surface water and distance are more than 0．8，which is high correlation． The fertilizing methods obviously have an effect on the distribution of nitrogen in surface water． The spatial distribution uniformity of nitrogen in surface water can be improved under fertigation． Variation coefficient of total nitrogen within 30 minutes is more than 0． 38 than it was predicted． Different kinds of nitrogen have different natures，which leads to no synchronization in the process of transportation and transformation．

In order to study the effects of moistube irrigation on water condition of soil and the growth of green pepper，this paper uses moistube irrigation under the condition of greenhouse field experiment． It designs and studies different duct tape buried depths of green peppers＇ physiological characteristics，yield and irrigation water use efficiency and the change of root zone soil moisture． Ｒesults show that the deeper the buried depth，the lower the moist soil moisture content． The duct tape is buried in the depth of 20 cm，green pepper plant height，yield are the biggest，which is very conducive the growth and development of green pepper． Duct tape buried depth on the influence of green pepper plant height growth curve can use logistics function fitting，the fitting effect is good． Duct tape is buried in the depth of 20 cm，green pepper irrigation water utilization is the highest．

Depending on the micro-irrigation pipeline network, Micro-irrigation aerated technology could improve the root zone soil ventilation conditions, thus it could guarantee the normal physiological activities of crops. This technology reflects the integration trend of micro-irrigation and until now, it has been researched deeply. In this paper, the existing research of micro-irrigation aerated technology was summarized from three aspects, namely, the influence of micro-irrigation aeration on crops, the influence on soil environment and micro-irrigation aerated mode and equipments. The results showed that aeration could improve crop yield, quality and growth traits and could change the environment of root zone soil. In the meantime, it could improve soil physical and chemical properties and increase enzyme activity. Different aeration equipments, mainly including the Venturi and air compressors, and their different operation modes have different effects. On this basis, the paper pointed out the future development direction of micro-irrigation aerated technology, it showed that the micro-irrigation aeration tests should be carried out in depth in order to discuss the applicability of micro-irrigation aerated technology in different regions and we also should speed up the development of aeration equipments to ensure stable performance. Meanwhile, mechanism research on interaction of various factors should be strengthened with theoretical analysis and model simulation. This study could provide the theoretical and technical support for following research.

To study the curve of pressure head of porous tube on different slopes，this paper analyzes the pressure distribution of porous tube on different slope with theoretical analysis and model test method． The results show that the head curve can be divided into three types: monotonically increasing curve，monotonically decreasing curve and concave curve． The slope of the end of tube is equal to the tube laying slope，while the tube is a rising slope，the end of pressure curve is downtrend．While the tube is down slope，the end of pressure curve is related to the type of tube．

Targeted at the problems of the shortage of water resources and the low crop yield in Ningxia arid area，this paper takes the mulched drip irrigation and fertilization mode of watermelon planting，to study the effects of different irrigation quota and nitrogen fertilizer on watermelon growth，yield and water use efficiency． Experimental results show that the irrigation quota of 900 m3 / hm2，the applied amount of N fertilizer under the conditions of 225 kg / hm2 has a significant effect on watermelon growth． Under this condition，stem diameter can reach 7．45 mm，the yield can reach 43．80 t / hm2 and water use efficiency is 24．01 kg /m3 ．The irrigation quota of 900 m3 / hm2，the applied amount of N fertilizer under the conditions of 300 kg / hm2 processing plant heights maximum of 254． 7 cm． With a comprehensive consideration of plant height，stem diameter，yield，water use efficiency and economic benefits，and other factors，the optimal processing is T5 ( irrigation quota 900 m3 / hm2，N application rate of 225 kg / hm2 ) ． The treatment can obtain the maximum yield of 43．80t / hm2 and the biggest economic benefit is available． The research results can provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance for water -saving planting watermelon in Ningxia arid area．

Three irrigation methods of drip irrigation，small pipe outflow，micro - sprinkler irrigation are designed to study the soil water spatial distribution in root zones and changing regularity of water consumption of cassava． The results show that: ①Drip irrigation centralizes water in root zone profile，and the soil moisture is distributed symmetrically around the rhizosphere． The water of small pipe outflow percolates along the direction of branch outlet，then the trend of inclined downward migration is formed． Micro -sprinkler irrigation sprayed evenly，and the difference of soil moisture content at each level of root zone is not significant． ②Drip irrigation can effectively inhibit evaporation of cassava，reduce water consumption，improve tuber yield，and its water use efficiency is significantly higher than other treatments． The wetted surface of micro-sprinkler irrigation is larger，and the soil evaporation is higher，so its yield and water use efficiency is lower than drip irrigation． The soil water evaporation of small pipe outflow is the highest，and its yield and water use efficiency are the lowest． From the above，the water-saving and production-increase effect of drip irrigation on cassava is the best．

Based on the dynamic observing data of groundwater from 220 observation wells in Hetao Irrigation District during 1980 - 2013, the map of the groundwater level contour was drawn by using ArcGIS10.2.It is concluded that the groundwater level in Hetao Irrigation District shows a decreasing trend from West to East, partial areas of Wulate in Hetao Irrigation District forms the underground funnel. The variation of groundwater depth shows an obvious seasonal trend during the year and the inter-annual variation has obvious periodicity. The main influencing factors for groundwater level variation were analyzed by using the Grey Incidence Theory, main driving factors can be sorted as : evaporation > diversion from Yellow River > rainfall. The results can provide scientific basis for the development and utilization of groundwater as well as the protection.

To optimize parameters for saturated-unsaturated coupling models efficiently，this research selected Yonglian Irrigation District，Inner Mongolia，China as study area，and combined with trial-and-error method and PEST，an automatic optimization algorithm，to optimize hydrogeological parameters and soil hydraulic parameters with measured data of water table and soil moisture for MODFLOW-HYDＲUS in which the soil water movement was descried as one-dimensional vertical movement and groundwater flow as three-dimensional movement． The results show that simulation accuracy of MODFLOW-HYDＲUS after parameter optimization was improved which was reflected in 2% ～ 35% increases of determination coefficient，6% ～ 11．3 times increases of Nash coefficient，5% ～ 20% decreases of root mean square error and 5%～ 20% decreases of normalized root mean square error． The determination coefficient and the Nash coefficient of soil moisture in validation period had the largest increases which were 35% and 11．3 times respectively; besides，the root mean square error and normalized root mean square error of soil moisture in validation period had the largest decreases which were 20% and 20% respectively．

To explore the water-holding capacity of repellent soils，we measured the soil-water characteristic curves under six different water repellents，three kinds of soil samples collected from Israel． Then，the soil-water characteristic curves were fitted by using the models of VG，BC，DP and LND in ＲETC software，and the parameters of the models and the model fitting effects were determined． The results show that the variation law of the soil-water characteristic curves under repellent soil is similar to un-repellent soil． The fitting data of VG，BC and DP models and measured data showed significant for clay and loam． LND model is not suitable for clay and loam． The fitting data of the four models and measured data show correlation to sand． There are no differences of VG，BC and DP models for clay and loam from the fitting effects． The research results have an important theoretical value for the soil water movement of repellent soils．

Abstract:In order to provide technical support for getting soil infiltration parameters to improve the saline soils, based on a series of field infiltration experiments in the saline-alkali soils that in the northern of Shanxi Province, and from that the cumulative water infiltration amount and infiltration duration data were obtained and the kostiakov infiltration coefficient k and infiltration index α were got by regression calculation, finally the data samples including the basic physical and chemical parameters and the infiltration parameters of the saline soil were established. The forecast model which based on the BP neural network were built, that used the soil water content, bulk density, texture, organic matter, total salt and pH as input variables and kostiakov infiltration parameters as output variables. The research results showed that under the condition of saline soil, it was feasible to establish BP forecasting model using the basic physical and chemical parameters as the input variable as well as the kostiakov infiltration model as output variable. The relative average error of the infiltration coefficient k and the infiltration index α were 0.29% and 1.28% respectively and 90 min cumulative was 2.37%. The average error of the above three parameters could be controlled less than 3% in the test of the established model, so that it could be concluded that the established BP predicting model was able to obtain good results.

To find out the influence of salts on the soil pore characteristics and fractal feature，CT ( computed tomography) scanning technology was used for the six salt treatments ( ECe: S1 = 8．52 dS/m，S2 = 21．89 dS/m，S3 = 24．78 dS/m，S4 = 25．71 dS/m，S5 = 26．36 dS/m，S6 = 33．26 dS/m) ． Soil profile images，combined with ImageJ software extraction of the soil parameters such as pore number，pore size distribution on soil profile were analyzed，with using Yang－model to compute soil fractal dimension． Ｒesults show that the salt affects the formation and distribution of soil pore structure，in particular，from S1 to S6，with the increase of salinity，soil porosity increase after decrease first，soil porosity of S1 salt treatment ( ECe = 8．52 dS/m) is significantly greater than other salt treatments，the same time，the soil porosity volatility of S1 salt treatment is greater than the rest of the five salt treatments，S4 ( ECe = 25．71 dS/m) salt treatment with the minimal porosity; In addition，the soil pore numbers also show a trend of increase the first，the total pore number of S4 ( ECe = 25．71 dS/m) is minimum( 481) ． In the depth of the soil sample analysis within the range ( 6． 3 to 44． 1 mm) ，soil pore structure and has no obvious relation with depth． Soil fractal dimension calculation results show that the soil salt influences fractal dimension，with the increase of salinity，fractal dimension，and increase with the decrease of the first，and S4 has the minimum ( 2．58) ，which is the same as soil porosity，further illustrate salt affects the physical properties of soil，loam ( S1 and S6) of the fractal dimension is greater than the silty loam ( S2 ～ S5) ，shows that the soil texture and fractal dimension has a tendency to increase． Besides，compared with other access methods of soil pore structure characteristics，CT combined with ImageJ method can quickly and accurately obtain the soil pore size，number，geometric parameters，such as process convenient and quick，easy operation，better batch processing．

Erhezha is located in Hongze Lake outlet which is the important monitoring section of drinking water safety in the upper reaches of Erhe river. In order to accurately predict the eutrophication factor TN and TP , and the DO with large fluctuation range in Erhezha, wolves search algorithm based on the strategy of leaders and the drinking water quality prediction model supporting vector machine (SVM) model was put forward. Erhezha was regarded as the research object, using correlation and partial correlation to determine the input and output variables of the model. The initial wolves in the algorithm were analyzed. When the number of initial wolves is more than 150, the parameters optimization and the stability of the SVM were both better. The LWCA-SVM model was used to predict the water quality. The MSE, MAPE and Pearson coefficients of DO, TN and TP were 0.791, 6.79% and 0.931, 1.32×10-4, 0.5% and 0.907 , 4.49×10-5, 5.0% and 0.903, respectivley. The results showed that the prediction model in water quality of Erhe drinking water source based on LWCA-SVM had high precision and strong adaptability, which provided a new method for the prediction of Erhe water quality.

According to the ecological problems of rapid urbanization of urban river such as discontinuous river，water pollution，the deterioration of water ecological environment and the shortage of water power． The measured runoff data of Zhongmou Hydrological Station in Jialu Ｒiver from 1965 to 2008 in Zhengzhou，the hydrological characteristics here are analyzed with the linear trend method and MannKendall mutation test． Seven methods are used to calculate ecological base flow such as tennant，the monthly frequency calculation method etc．and evaluating the applicability of different hydrological methods． Further more，selectingthe appropriate hydrological method for the calculation of ecological base flow．The results can provide useful reference for ecological water suppiement of urban river．

Huangqihai Wetland Protection Office of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Ｒegion，Chayouqian Banner 012200，Inner Mongolia，China) Abstract: Huangqihai Lake has the general evolution rule of relatively isolated lakes in the agriculture and pasture interlaced zone ( APIZ) ．The lake area is fluctuating constantly since Holocene，but the overall trend is decreasing． To seek for the relationship between the change of lake area and precipitation，water input lake，water consumption and the change of groundwater level，this paper uses Mann-Kendall ( M-K) Test． It uses the M-K Test to analyze the trend of the data series of Huangqihai Lake area from 1975 to 2012． During the analysis，we sought change-point and change-periods，and conducted an in-depth analysis of the lake area＇s change． The change trend of the lake area is quite different before and after 1999． The main influencing factors were determined by correlation analyses during the periods of 1975-1999 and 1999-2011． From 1975 to 1999，the climate was relatively humid and human activities were less intense，the change of the lake area is mainly affected by rainfall and temperature． From 1999 to 2012，climatic change ( precipitation and temperature) was not significant． Therefore，the reason of lake area decrease is mainly affected by a series of human activities such as eco-social development and groundwater level change． M-K Test shows that the decrease of Huangqihai Lake area is a result of the combined effect of various factors．

The evaluation of the ecological effect of soil and water conservation is of great significance to understanding the rationality and suitability of soil and water conservation measures． According to the effectiveness mechanism of ecological effect of soil and water conservation and its main function，including reducing soil erosion，and surface runoff，increasing vegetation coverage and improving the atmospheric environment，and combining the experience in doing research on the ecological effect evaluation index system at home and abroad，this paper establishes the evaluation index system with seven index elements． The weight of each index is determined by the combination weighting subjective and objective method． In order to evaluate the ecological response of the evaluation object in different time periods after the implementation of soil and water conservation measures，the response intensity of the index is introduced to evaluate the improvement of the four aspects of ecological effect，and the comprehensive evaluation value of the evaluation object is calculated to reflect its overall response to trends． By using the quantitative assessment model of ecological effects，we find that it is more reasonable to use the combined weighting method of subjective and objective weights to determine the weight of indicators; and the response time of soil conservation and water transfer in ecological effect is shorter; and soil and water conservation measures have a positive effect on improving the ecological environment．

The evaluation index system of water ecological civilization is the foundation of measuring the level of regional water ecological civilization and guiding the construction of water ecological civilization． In order to construct an evaluation system of Jinan＇s water ecological civilization，this paper introduces and summarizes the connotation and construction of water ecological civilization． The evaluation index systems of water ecological civilization of 36 cities are composed of water safety，ecology，environment，conservation，management and culture，and their common index and characteristic index are analyzed． The existing index system has not paid enough attention to water resources，water economy，water treatment and water landscape indicators． Combined with the present situation of water environment in Jinan，this paper constructs an evaluation index system of water ecological civilization in Jinan City，which includes water resources，water economy，water treatment and water landscape indicators． It consists of 29 common indexes and 6 characteristic indexes and provided a scientific guidance for the construction of water ecological civilization in Jinan City．

Under the conditions of big catchment area and concentrated rainfall，if the drainage channel is not properly set，the loess waste residue in the peripheral channel can be scoured and then a collapse can be caused and mud slide may be formed，which will threat the security of the downstream sensitive points． Therefore，the reasonable and effective drainage scheme is the key to the protection of waste residue． In view of some loess waste residue，based on the existing relevant data，combined with the field investigation and laboratory test，by means of the related meteorological data and the theoretical analysis method，the rationality of the existing drainage system of the waste residue is calculated and analyzed． On this basis，the drainage system scheme is further improved and a corresponding check is also conducted，which can provide references for the analysis，evaluation and design of similar problems．

This paper discusses the key technologies of FMCW radar level gauge system in terms of its applications of water level measurement, especially in flash floods disaster. The open-loop calibration method of VCO curve was designed and the fast implementation of Chirp Z Transform based on Chebyshev's polynomials was introduced. We developed the radar level gauge system based on DSP (TMS320F28335). Experimental results showed that the above method can achieve good measurement accuracy: error less than 2cm in 10m ranges. The radar level gauge system can do continuous on-line measurement fast. It saved measurement time and Improved the measurement efficiency in limited modulation bandwidth, especially for the case of water torrents disasters with water level changing fast.

The lack of hydrological data, especially that of the runoff data, is currently a problem that often puzzles the exploration design units, in the process of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Project Construction, comprehensive planning of water resources and water resources allocation.During the study of water resources allocation, aiming at the problem of lack of runoff data, We simulate the flow of mainstream and tributaries in Duyun by constructing the SWAT distributed hydrological model .In this way, We have accurately obtained the water resources quantity and the age change in different areas, which provides not only a solid foundation for the optimal allocation of water resources, but also available thought and method for the management of water resources in the areas lacking of hydrological data, especially the lack of runoff data.

In order to use the low impact development (LID) facilities to reach the target of the capture ratio of runoff volume in medium and light rainfall conditions, this paper studied identifying suitable sites and optimizing design of the LID facility. First of all, 5 typical LID facilities were selected for a independent drainage residential area in Hunan province, and LID facilities were sited individually according to the regional adaptability principle; secondly, the effects of single facilities were studied with the SWMM model, then, the schemes were designed on the basis of the research results by the combination of 3 kinds of LID facilities. After comparing capture ratio of total annual volume in different schemes, the criterion of low cost is used to determine the initial solution. Finally, for the combined LID facilities, optimize the implementation parameters of the primary scheme with SUSTAIN optimization module, getting the final optimal LID facility plan.

In view of the weak correlation, nonlinear characteristics of runoff series, the EMD and Elman neural network are adopted to forecast monthly runoff , and monthly runoff data from 1979 to 2009 at Tangnaihai hydrological station in the upper reaches of the Yellow River is selected. Firstly, EMD is used to decompose the data, and then five intrinsic mode function (IMF) components and one trend are obtained. In order to avoid errors from multi-components, the original component should be restructured to three sub-series, which are predicted using Elman neural network. Results show that the precision of EMD-Elman forecast model was higher，and more suitable for complicated hydrological sequence. This method can be used for long-term runoff forecasting.

In order to ensure the fractal relation between shape of channel system and runoff series, two branches of Weihe River, Jinghe River and North Luohe river are taken as example in this paper, their channel system’s fractal dimension have been calculated by using the box dimension method, then judge the basin landform developmental stage; With the aid of the ArcGIS ,this paper Analyzes the fractal dimension of the annual runoff process, the monthly runoff process and the flood season runoff process of Zhangjiashan station ,Jinghe River, and Zhuangtou station ,Luohe river, and, looking for the changing feather on fractal characteristic of different time runoff series and of the channel system’s fractal change, thus seek for relation between them. Result shows that, Jinghe river, and Luohe river all stay at the mature stage of the basin landform development, basins’ erosion are still very intensive; Channel system’s fractal dimension of the Jinghe River is mostly closed to the fractal dimension of flood season runoff series of Zhangjiashan station, it means that river network shape mainly made by flood season (June to September) runoff process; Channel system’s fractal dimension of the Luohe river is mostly closed to the fractal dimension of annual runoff series of Zhuangtou station, it is clearly that river network shape mainly made by annual runoff process. Compare to other month, runoff series of August has the strongest function on channel network’s making .The research may provide the reference for watercourse erosion prevention and controlling, and also can further deepen the application of fractal theory on the river hydrology research.

Based on the measured hydrological data of controlled hydrological station of the West Ｒiver，the North Ｒiver and the East Ｒiver from 1959 to 2010，the Mann-Kendall method and the degree of concentration are used to analyze the characteristics of water resources of the rivers． The results show that: ① The runoff of the West Ｒiver，the North Ｒiver and the East Ｒiver has obvious wet and dry water changes，the long series of runoff have decreasing trends，and the annual runoff is different in different ages． ② The runoff of the West Ｒiver had a rising tendency in 1968－1987 and 1997－2003，which had a decreasing tendency in other times． The runoff of the North Ｒiver had a rising tendency in 1996－2008，which had a decreasing tendency in 1963－1974 and 1986－1994． The runoff of the East Ｒiver had a increasing tendency from 1976 to 1988，which has a decreasing tendency in 1959－1975 and 1989－1996． The trends of changes have not passed the 95% confidence test，the increase and decrease are not significant． ③ It is different that the variation of runoff in a year of the West Ｒiver，the North Ｒiver and the East Ｒiver at different time intervals since 1960s． It is larger that the uneven distribution during the year of runoff of the West Ｒiver，the North Ｒiver than the East Ｒiver． The distribution during a year of runoff becomes obviously homogenized． The ratio of annual minimum runoff to annual average runoff of the East Ｒiver has obvious increasing tendency，which is favorable to the development and utilization of water resources．

To further improve the accuracy of real-time flood forecasting，this paper discusses runoff error correction based on dynamic system response curve ( DSＲC) method，and gets a preliminary interpretation about the stability of DSＲC method，and then a new method named runoff error correction method based on dynamic system response with regularization ( DSＲＲ) is introduced in this paper，reducing the sensitivity of runoff to discharge measurement error via penalty function，thus improving the stability of DSＲC method． And then the relationship between weight coefficient and corrected runoff series is discussed． The new method is applied to Tankeng Basin，and the calculated results of 19 historical floods indicate that the effect accords with actual conditions． The new method has better stability and better accuracy compared with DSＲC method．

In order to investigate the effect of hydraulic concrete in freeze-thaw environment of various factors on the durability of the important degree, selected in Gansu province Jingtai Sichuan electric pumping concrete buildings as the research object, the concrete freeze-thaw indoor accelerated test as the foundation, by using the information entropy theory in rough sets, the sulfate concentration, fly ash dosage, dosage of slag powder and concrete carbonation time as condition attributes, relative dynamic elastic modulus as the decision attribute, determine the weights of various factors. The results show that the fly ash (0.310) maximum weight, carbonization time (0.258) of the slag powder content (0.238) and sulfate (0.194) minimum, agrees with the results of tests. Related research provides a useful reference for the evaluation of the influence factors of concrete frost resistance.

Two-way pumping station was widely used in our country which could irrigate and drainage and even self - irrigation (self - draining). However, little attention has been paid to the characteristics of the self - irrigation (self - draining) of the pump station, the optimization of gate opening and the reasonable opening mode are the problems to be solved urgently. Based on the standard K-ε turbulence model equation, the time-averaged Navier-Stokes equation and the continuity equation, four different gate opening schemes including 23 different gate opening combinations were simulated. The uniformity of velocity distribution in the flow channel at the same flow rate and pressure of different gate opening schemes was compared. The results revealed that the unilateral gate opening scheme is optimal. The best solution to open gate for specific flow at different upstream and downstream water head were also been put forward. The results have great practical significance for self - irrigation (self - draining) optimization of two-way flow pumping station.

Large pumping station renovation projects do not update civil structures，but update hydraulic equipment． Therefore，it is necessary to study the influence of different hub ratios on the performance of the axial flow pump when the hub ratio of existing hydraulic model is not consistent． Based on the numerical simulation method，this paper studies the effect of two different hydraulic models with different hub ratios on the hydraulic performance of axial flow pumps，the hydraulic performances of the 2 schemes are obtained，and the differences of the internal and external characteristics of the axial flow pump with different hub ratios are analyzed． The results show that，for a single pump，the hydraulic model of axial flow pump with larger hub is more efficient and cavitation performance is worse． For the performance of the pump device，the design efficiency of the 2 conditions is small，the overall performance is similar． With the increase in the hub ratio，the high efficiency zone shifts to a small flow rate． Finally，it is concluded that the modified design of hub ratio is feasible when the large-scale pump station is renovated and the hub ratio becomes irrevocable．

The hydraulic performance of bidirectional shaft passage is optimized by using CFD software, which is in one hydraulic project, based on the RNG k-ε turbulence model and the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equation. In order to optimize the hydraulic performance, the outside line of the bidirectional shaft passage is been changed and a guide vane after the impeller in the reverse operation is added By calculating and comparing different shaft outlet conduit schemes, we got the different segments hydraulic loss and velocity distribution. The results indicates that the total hydraulic loss decrease 12.6%, and the maximum reverse operation efficiency of the shaft tubular pump system increased by over 3%.By comparing with the prior optimization and the forward operation ,it is clearly that efficiency is improved by 1.8%. Finally, comparing and combining with the model test, results show that the error of the reverse optimization is 3%, and the error of the forward optimization is 3%, which confirms the reliability of the optimization design of the bidirectional shaft flow passage.

This paper uses the Bernoulli equation of sediment conditions． Firstly，the average volume concentration———Cv on the solid sand sediment flow is deduced，then the theoretical formula of pump working parameters of silt laden flow are obtained． Secondly，based on the actual operation data of a pump station，theory and general formula are used to calculate pump parameters． Through the contrastive analysis，in a sediment concentration range，the hydraulic parameters by the theoretical formula and the general formula to calculate have difference．Finally，the relationship and characteristics between the two calculation methods and the working parameters of the water pump are analyzed in this paper．

The upper reach of Huangshui Ｒiver is a typical mountain river with large slopes，where sudden storm flood is frequent． The flood discharge is large and has a short history with huge destructive power． This is a severe test of the river＇s flood control capacity． The MIKE FLOOD coupled model is established to assess the flood proofing capacity of the existing construction projects，and it predicts the upper reaches＇ risk in the case of the flood that occurs every ten years，fifty years，and hundred years respectively． According to the forecasting results，the corresponding engineering improvement suggestions providing technical support for flood control and disaster relief in the area are put forward． Meanwhile it shows that the FLOOD MIKE coupling model has strong applicability in the risk assessment of mountainous rivers．

The evolution characteristics of the annual and seasonal，intensity，scope of influence and frequency of drought in Jilin province during the last 45 years were analyzed based on the standardized precipitation index ( SPI) as the drought index which calculated by the data of monthly precipitation of 45 meteorological stations． Ｒesults show that during the last 45 years the drought trend in Jilin province was increasing． The frequency of drought of western and central regions of Jilin province is significantly higher than that in the eastern region． The trend of drought stations proportions is in the form of stage first decreased and then increasing． In different seasons，the trend of drought stations proportions in spring and winter are downward and are rising in summer and autumn．The change form of drought intensity is differ from the drought stations proportions，the drought intensity is decreased in spring and summer，enhanced in autumn and winter．

Based on the background of Puyang River and selected the study period from June 17 to June 19, 1999, 2D hydrodynamic mode was to discuss the influence of different flood discharge amount and flood discharge method on the flood level along the Puyang River when the type of discharge of Puyang River is quick rising.The results show that in the reach from upstream import to Meichi of Puyang River, flood peak water levels under the action of three flood discharge methods all reduce with the increase of the total flood discharge of Gaohu, and flood peak water levelsas the process of flood-carrying is first increase and then decrease are all the lowest. When the total flood discharge of Gaohu is more than 1500 million cubic meter, flood level curves as the process of flood-carrying are respectively first increase and then decrease on the second day of the flood period and uniform variation on the third day of the flood period located below the other two flood methods, namely there have a certain distance with the other two flood methods, and the distance increases with the increase of the total flood discharge of Gaohu. While in Linpu of Puyang River, flood level curve, flood peak value and flood peak arrival time are not affected by flood discharge amount and flood discharge method of Gaohu. The conclusions can provide guidance for optimizing the regulation and control of the floodgates of Gaohu.

The empirical mode decomposition (EMD) can decompose the signal into several intrinsic mode functions (IMF) with different frequencies. The traditional EMD denoising method only deals with the high frequency IMF components, but lacks the effective IMF selection basis. The autocorrelation energy criterion can be used to filter out the IMF component with noise, and then the improved wavelet threshold denoising method is used to process the noisy IMF. Finally, all the IMF components are reconstructed to get the denoised signal. The EMD correlation wavelet threshold denoising method is used on vibration signals of hydroelectric units. Compare signal-noise ratio and root mean square error before denoising with after denoising. Simulation results shows the denoising method combined EMD with wavelet threshold can be effectively used in the denoising of vibration signals of hydroelectric generating units.

As more and more layout type of multiple units in one pipeline was adopted in the pumped-storage power station,in order to verify that the units in one pipeline have the ablity to work together,this paper summarized the test method and arrangement of the measuring points according to years of on-site commissioning experience.Combining with the field test data,this paper focus on the analyzing the effect of different control mode of the governor system to the load disturbance test,and give the suggestion for parallel operation of multiple units in one pipeline, which can be used for reference and help for other power station of the same type.