Soil water infiltration process is one of the forms of soil moisture migration, which has a great influence on soil microbial activity, the movement of soil nutrients and salt and growth of crop root. At present, the soil water infiltration model simulated the process of soil water infiltration mainly includes: Kostiakov model, Philip model, Green-Ampt model. such as Green-Ampt infiltration model expressed simply and involves less parameters, and has a certain soil physical basis. Therefore, Green-Ampt infiltration model is currently the most widely used model of soil water infiltration. Foreign researches on Green-Ampt infiltration model were numerous. In this paper, we systematically summary and analyze the advances in the research on the Green-Ampt infiltration model. Based on the basic expression of Green-Ampt infiltration model, we summary the advantages and disadvantages of the Green-Ampt infiltration model and its involved parameters improved algorithm, such as saturated hydraulic conductivity Ks, wetting front suction Sf, soil water infiltration rate i (t) and so on. In addition, we summarized the foreign application status of Green-Ampt infiltration model. Confronted with the foreign research status of Green-Ampt model, this paper pointed out the research direction of the Green-Ampt model in domestic.

Based on the annual runoff and precipitation data (1959—2014 ) of Zongguantian hydrological station and precipitation data (1959-2014) from the Lijiang weather station，time-frequency wavelet transform characteristics and their periodic rules of high and low flow alternating change were analyzed in multi-time scales by the Morlet continue wavelet transformation. Besides，cross wavelet transform and wavelet coherence for examining the relationships of two series in both the time and frequency domains are discussed in this paper. It is concluded that the major periods of runoff and precipitation time series of the high and low annual flow in the different time scales were 12 years，3 years and 18 years，6 years,4 years，respectively，and predicted that the major variant trend of the two time series would been gradually decreasing and been in the high flow period around 8 years (from 2014 to 2022) and 10 years (from 2014 to 2024); the fact that precipitation has significant 2-4 a resonant periods with runoff and both of them have better consistency，which demonstrates that the precipitation of Lijing weather station is the key factor for predicting the runoff of Wulanghe basin.

Abstract: The development and construction of “sponge city” in China is still at premature stage. One of the key issues that requires significant efforts in research is the urban hydrology problem. This dissertation focuses on calculating the amount of rain-flood resources during the construction of sponge city in Northwestern arid regions of China. Firstly, this dissertation will explain key parameters in sub-catchments by analyzing remote sensing images on 5 Provinces (Shannxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai and Xinjiang) drawn from Google Earth 2015. Finally, a macro-level discussion on the potential utilization of rain-flood resources in major cities of Northwestern arid regions will be presented. After considering the impact of rain-flood resources and water supply capacity, this dissertation further divides city into districts based on the rain-flood resources and proposes the chronological sequence of the construction of sponge city in major cities of Northwestern arid regions.

The input of rainfall data is often considered as a major source of uncertainty in hydrological model. It is significant to lay great emphasis on how the uncertainty of rainfall data affects the accuracy of runoff simulation. This research is based on SWAT model, to which Nearest method, Thiessen Polygon method, Inverse Distance Square method and Kriging method were introduced for calculating areal rainfall. This paper simulated the runoff data in Xixian from 1985 to 2000 and compared simulation accuracy of different interpolation methods that affected by raingauge density through changing the number of raingauges involved. The results show that the accuracy of runoff simulation of four interpolation methods is satisfactory, and SWAT model has good adaptability in Xixian River Basin.Inverse Distance Square method shows great accuracy in simulating runoff on account of the number of existing raingauges in Xixian. The accuracy of Nearest method remains stable as the density of raingauges is changed, which is suitable for the watershed with insufficient rainfall data.

Based on the Johns export coefficient model, the non-point sources of ammonia nitrogen loads of 18 cities in Henan Province were estimated. The results showed that the agricultural non-point sources of ammonia loads and ammonia emission intensity were 381 862.18t, 464.79 kg/hm2 in 2013; ammonia nitrogen loads and ammonia nitrogen emission intensity in the spatial distribution were difference; pollution sources of ammonia loads and ammonia nitrogen emission intensity in various parts of the contribution of the law was basically similar; livestock and poultry breeding was the main source of pollution;The contribution from various types of pollutant sources were different. The differences among various counties in Henan province about output of ammonia nitrogen pollution load and the impact of emissions intensity also has bigger difference. The research about the distribution of ammonia nitrogen pollution loads and their ammonia nitrogen emission intensities from agriculture non-point sources can provide a foundation on agriculture structure adjustment in Henan province.

Abstract: Aiming at the three aspects of the one-sidedness of the current reclaimed water evaluation, the ambiguity of the adjacent index level and the irrationality of the weight calculation, this paper introduces a more comprehensive "pressure-condition-influence" evaluation index system; and the weight of each index in the model is determined by the combined weighting method combined with the entropy method and the excessive multiple factor method; the set pair analysis method (SPA) is coupled with the interval triangular fuzzy number (ITFN). A diversified SPA-ITFN reclaimed water assessment model is established. And the validity of the model is verified by an example. The results show that the assessment of the comprehensive development capacity of reclaimed water in four counties is Q> F > Z >M. The results show that the evaluation results are consistent with the actual results. The model can make a reasonable evaluation of the comprehensive development ability of reclaimed water.

his article?takes?the?subsidence?of?the?ground?caused?by?the?pumping?in Jiajiazhuang county of?Dingxiang?in?Shanxi?province?as?an?example?to?build?a?model?of?"pumping?area?-ground?subsidence".?Basing? on?the?consolidation?theroy?of Boit,?this?simulation?uses?a?porous?elastic?interface?in?Comsol?Multiphysics which?is?a?kind?of?software?that?can?do?coupling?analysis.By calculation, the causes of ground subsidence are analyzed.When the water level drops to a certain depth, the pore water pressure in the soil decreases,Because the total pressure is almost constant, the effective stress increases, which causes the soil consolidation compression to produce the ground subsidence,The displacement of surface deformation and the pressure distribution of water head and pore water were obtained.Finally, reasonable mining management Suggestions are given by means of different mining conditions.

This paper takes Poyang Lake district as the research object，combined with the characteristics of Poyang Lake district and ecological construction demand，under the principles of evaluation index selection，then establishes main comprehensive functional characteristics indexes that could reflect natural geographical condition, social and economic characteristics, water environment characteristics, water ecological characteristics, government management, etc.Investigation and study of the hydrological, engineering, ecological, economic and social data of Poyang Lake District were carried out. Using quantitative remote sensing method to retrieve the relevant water quantity, water quality and ecological environment characteristics of Poyang Lake basin, the ecological environment characteristic parameters of long time series are established, and the characteristics of ecosystem in Poyang Lake district are analyzed comprehensively. The main problems of the Poyang Lake District are analyzed, and the regulation strategy of ecological system is put forward. To maintain and enhance the structure and function of the ecosystem in Poyang Lake area, increase the load capacity of the ecological system, ensure the normal service function of the ecosystem, this study provides a full range of data support.

A case study of Jiaozhou, Shandong, analyzes the problems existing in rural sewage treatment, introduces three rural sewage treatment system construction program (the large centralized plan, regional integration plan and independent towns construction plan) and comparative studies on the analysis of the three plans, expounds three kinds of plans, social benefits environmental and economic benefits, to find the village sewage treatment system for Jiaozhou city construction plan.

The control unit is divided into the pollution source area which affects the water quality of the Qinhuai River, taking into account factors such as hydrology, water quality and pollution sources. Based on the water environment mathematical model of the study of regional and the most unfavorable hydrological conditions (typical dry years) and the boundary water quality, the relationship between the quality of the test section and the pollution of the general population was established. Through the response relationship to calculate the control section of the water quality standards for each generalization of the discharge allowable, so as to get the control unit of the water environment capacity. The results show that: in the near future (2017 ~ 2019), the COD water environmental capacity in the control unit of the QB-CS is 24536 t/a, the NH3-N water environmental capacity is 2132 t/a, the TP water environmental capacity is 173.7 t/a, which needs water diversion 30m3/s; in the long term (after 2020), the COD water environmental capacity in the control unit of the QB-CS is 24536 t/a, the NH3-N water environmental capacity is 609 t/a, the TP water environmental capacity is 49.6 t/a, which didn’t need water diversion.

With Jiangan campus of Sichuan university as the study area, the quality of rainwater runoff in Chengdu was studied, the water balance analysis between available quantity of rainwater runoff, reclaimed water and landscape used water was conducted. On this basis, scheme of allocate rainwater from summer to winter was proposed in accordance with the issue of rainwater utilization in Chengdu, which provided the solution to solve the problem of low efficiency of rainwater utilization caused by the uneven rainfall during a year. Through the analysis of rainwater runoff utilization, we could conclude that the rainwater runoff have the first flush effect in Chengdu. Additionally, The annual rainwater runoff quantity of Chengdu have the potential to meet the demand of reclaimed water and landscape used water.

A new kind of inclined measuring weir has been designed in this paper for the lack of flow measurement facilities which have the U-shaped channel and less than 1/200’s slope. A series of prototype experiments have been conducted for the cases of nine measuring weir shapes and nine discharge rates in the U-shaped channel. This paper analyzes the trends of water surface profile and examines the effects of different stills’ height and slope on the upstream backwater height, and study the relationship between water depth versus discharge. The results show that the still’s height and slope, especially the height of still, greatly influences the trends of water surface profile, upstream backwater height and the discharge formula has a high accuracy , which has an average error of less than ±8% when the still’s height is higher than 5cm . Thus it is suggested that height of measuring weir should be lower than 10cm and the length should be in the range of 10’s height to 12’s height.

Seepage calculation plays an important role in the study of the safety of earth-rock dams. Traditional seepage calculation is based on the macroscopic models such as finite difference method (FDM), finite element method (FEM), etc. In this study, the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) based on mesoscopic model is introduced to calculate the seepage flow of dam. Taking the two models of rectangular dam and trapezoidal dam, the phreatic surface and seepage pressure of dam were simulated and calculated. The results are in good agreement with that of traditional finite element method, which proves the feasibility and reliability of LBM in the seepage calculation of dam. In addition, LBM is simple in programming ,simple in boundary condition processing and has natural parallel characteristics, so it is superior in large seepage calculation.

The unsaturated hydraulic properties of rock and soil are the key to the analysis of unsaturated seepage flow. A new approach for back analysis of the rock/soil unsaturated permeability parameters based on the unsaturated flow is developed considering the transient unsaturated nature of the seepage flow in rocks and soils during the rainfall. The proposed method utilizing the measured boreholes is based on the orthogonal design, the finite element analysis of unsaturated flow, the BP(back propagation) neural network and the genetic algorithm. The back-calculated water heads are in good agreement with the measured results，and the back-calculated unsaturated permeability parameters are consistent with the theoretical values，which demonstrates the effectiveness of the back-analysis method and the reliability of the back-calculated results. The back-calculated results provide a basis for further analysis of rock slope strength and its stability in rainfall process.

yindajihuang water diversion main line project, with high stress and big faults qinghai province , large depth and other rare technical problems, tunnel length 24.17km, which lasted 11 years through a comprehensive, Wirth TBM diameter of 6.21 meters and diameter of 6.05 French NFM-TBM boring. This paper summarizes the problems encountered in drawing big economic, the main canal Diversion Tunnel Construction Huang in the process of taking out technology, and analyzed the disassembly process and step two roadheader play a major role, effectively saving investment and removing time for similar plateau and cold area tunnel construction to provide a reference.

Overtopping wave energy convertor is increasingly mature, the turbine with high conversion efficiency, the good reliabilityand adaptability is the core of the device.Combined with a wave power system in Shandong province, a shaft tubular turbine with about 15 m super low head was developed to effectively make use of low head hydro resources. Based on the N S equation and the SIMPLEC algorithm is used to simulate the three - dimensional unsteady turbulent flow field of the whole channel of the shaft tubular turbine, and the characteristics of the runner blade airfoil, blade placement angle and guide vane opening are analyzed.The optimal runner was specified by comparing the performance of different design cases．The results show that, in meeting the design requirements of a wave power generation system, the output and the efficiency of wave power generation system can meet the requirements of turbine, hydraulic loss is small, the efficiency of up to 85.36%..A turbine for wave power generation system by numerical simulation is designed, which provides technical support for the research of wave power generation system.

In order to study the operation stability of long diversion tunnel of hydropower station, the paper models unsteady flows of closed pipeline based on the Neelum Jhelum hydropower station in Pakistan. The model gives boundary conditions of hydroelectric generating set and impedance surge tank, optimizes wicket closure and opening rule, and makes transition process computation and analysis according to the optimization results. The calculations suggests that the selected unit parameters and wicket closure rule can meet requirements of the water-conduit system rejecting load in the extreme conditions, but also meet the stability of rotating speed requirements when the unit makes load adjustment and meet the stability requirements after power grid with load changing. It provides a reference basis for the design of water-conduit system and a theoretical basis for late economic and safe operation of hydropower station.

The efficiency of hydroturbine is an important indicator to evaluate the performance of hydraulic turbine as well as a key parameter to guide operations of hydropower station. A1# unit of Jiangxi Zhelin Hydropower Station was seriously ageing because of decades’ service and it was ameliorated correspondingly by experts. In order to test the effect of amelioration, a study about this was carried out. In this paper, the current_meter method was adapted to measure the velocity distribution under test head. Then the flow rate can be calculated with mean velocity method. And by calculating the operating head and power, the efficiency of prototype unit and the spiral case discharge coefficient can be obtained. Finally, the results were analyzed which can help optimize operations of the unit. The results showed good feasibility and accuracy of current_meter method and the amelioration met design requirements well.

Drinking water safety was the base of rural economic and social development. To ensure the rural residents got safe drinking water, the research of normalized and scientific site selection technology of water sources have a very important realistic meaning. Thus, according to the time sequence of the site selection of decentralized drinking groundwater sources, and the actual conditions in Heilongjiang Province, the water source selection, the construction and management of protected area in the chain of the normalized site selection was analyzed and summarized separately, so as to provide a convenient reference for the site selection of decentralized ground water sources.

Combined with the engineering example, this paper analyzes the energy dissipation technology of long distance gravity flow water transfer project, introduces the setting method of the pressure reducing valve, and analyzes the diameter selection and the supporting facilities. According to the characteristics of the adjustable pressure reducing valve, combined with the typical engineering example, this paper compares the decompression scheme. The two stage decompression scheme is more economical and reasonable. To analyze the mathematical simulation calculation using KYpipe2010 water hammer, based on steady-state analysis we found that design under normal operating conditions, one or two stage vacuum valve is smaller than 3, the possibility of cavitation is very small; in extreme low flow condition two valve after decompression ratio is greater than 3, the cavitation coefficient is 0.52, valve after the emergence of cavitation phenomenon, to prevent the occurrence of cavitation, regulating valve in the valve at the two level in parallel with a small diameter mesh sleeve type (DN400), in a small flow and extremely small flow conditions, the valve closed, open mesh valve sleeve, preventing cavitation damage; through the calculation, the close the valve water hammer can be seen close end off valve and the valve of the existence of certain time, at the end of valve closing time should be more than to the conduction time of the valve at the pressure wave, to ensure that the pressure relief valve Normal shutdown to achieve decompression effect.

In recent years, China has vigorously carried out rural water supply construction, but limited by natural conditions, social conditions, economic status and other factors, the operation and management of water supply project lack of scientific overall planning, operation and management level is low. This paper constructs the index system of operation and management of rural centralized water supply project from four aspects: water supply, water supply services, operational finance, organizational management. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to evaluate the index system, and the evaluation criteria are formulated according to the national regulations and the characteristics of the project. And the performance evaluation of the typical centralized rural water supply project of Wangjiahe Street in Huangpi District of Wuhan City in Hubei Province was carried out, which provided some reference for the performance evaluation of similar projects in similar areas.

125 rainfall station networks were chosen to analyze the relationship between the distribution of rainfall station and areal rainfall error. The results show that the rainfall station network density has a great influence on areal rainfall accuracy. And when the rainfall station network increases to a degree, the variation of areal rainfall error tends to be stable. Compared with sub-basin, the whole areal rainfall error is more sensitive to the density of the rainfall station. When the rainfall station network density is the same, the more even the rainfall station network is, the smaller the areal rainfall error is. And only when there is a enough number of rainfall stations and the network average elevation and the basin average elevation are close, a more reliable areal rainfall can be calculated.

Abstract: With the increasing influence of climate change and human activities, the level of urbanization has been further improved, the urban area has been expanded rapidly, and the hydrological effect brought by urbanization has increased the frequency of flood disaster. In this paper, taking the new campus of Zhengzhou University as the research area, the SWMM model is used to simulate the rainstorm flood in different regions of the rainstorm recurrence period, the peak value, the degree of urbanization and the LID situation. The results show that the storm rainfall pattern has an important influence on the simulation results. The model can predict the drainage capacity of the drainage network and the simulation results in different scenarios.

Abstract: In this paper, taking the soil infiltration model Green-Ampt model and Horton formula as an example, proposed Taylor series method to determine the initial value of the nonlinear model parameter fitting, infiltration data was measured at Tianjin agriculture university water cycle test site,and the rationality of the method was verified. The results show that for the nonlinear soil infiltration model Green-Ampt model and Horton formula, using Taylor series method to determine the initial value of the infiltration model parameters with good accuracy, the correlation coefficient at 0.85 or more, after fitting by the least squares method, the correlation coefficient increased to 0.99 or more. At the same time, the temperature correction coefficient is introduced to correct the infiltration results, and the precision of infiltration curve fitting is improved remarkably. The equation fitting results of Green-Ampt model and Horton show that the parameters of Horton formula are relatively stable and more applicable under given infiltration test conditions.

Abstract: Optimizing layout of sunning water pool is the key to ensure the high and stable yield of the irrigation field in the cold field and realize the intensive use of cultivated land and promote the technological innovation of land remediation. In this paper, the Resources?Satellite?Three remote sensing image data, the second land use survey data of China as the main data source, Using Arcgis software to extract the Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation Sanjiang Branch Qixing farmland sunning water pool land data, analysis of sunning water pool land distribution pattern and satisfaction, Aiming at providing reference for the layout of sunning water pool in the paddy field of the cold land, and strengthening the regional standard study on the layout of the various types of ancillary facilities, so as to provide more basis for the land resource management. The main findings are as follows:①The average size of the Qixing farmland sunning water pool area is 2147m2,the Average Nearest Neighbor tool in the Spatial Nearest Neighbor module has the average observed nearest neighbor distance is 331.87m. The average size of the pool land is positively correlated with the average nearest neighbor distance;②The nearest neighbor index R of sunning water pool land is 0.852458, The proportion of the area of sunning water pool to the paddy field is larger and The more obvious the characteristics of aggregated distribution. The smaller the proportion, the more obvious the characteristics of random distribution.③When the area of sunning water pool is 0.8% of the area of the served paddy field, the irrigation water Quantity and water temperature can meet the requirements of peak water demand. However, the layout of sunning water pool land use process, not in accordance with the peak water demand to determine the scale of land use, but also the length of the irrigation channel and its warming effect. ④The rationlity of spatial distribution of sunning water pool area is mainly affected by the two aspects of the site selection and size of sunning water pool area.According to the highest temperature and minimum temperature of groundwater in Sanjiang Plain,the proportion of sunning water pool land size to the paddy field land area should be controlled at 0.74% -0.89%.

Soil salinization is one of the important factors affecting agricultural development of the irrigated area in arid region, and overexploitation of groundwater hampers soil desalinization, which both severely harm crops grow and even lead to the appearance of derelict land threating national food security. Thus, based on water resources and salt characteristics of irrigated areas of the Kaidu River basin in arid region, the BP neural network based on the analytic hierarchy process is employed to evaluate different water-salt regulate and control modes comprehensively. The results indicate that increased crops trickle irrigation, restrained groundwater exploitation and winter irrigation development not only reduce the usage of surface water to ensure ecological health for downstream river and contribute to maintain groundwater level of the irrigated areas annually steady, but promote soil desalinization to lower mineralization and to alleviate the process of soil salinization. Moreover, the comprehensive regulate and control mode consists of surface-ground water overall distribution, salt control and water-saving irrigation for water-salt balance is also proposed that can provides a reference for soil salinization prevention of the irrigated area in arid region to a certain extent.