Taking Hancang River watershed in Jinan City as an example, SWMM model is used to simulate the effect of macro-scale LID measures on hydrology and water quality of the basin under different rainfall intensities and different rainfall peak positions. The results show that with the increase in repetition period of rainfall, the effect of planning scheme of rainwater wetland system on the reduction of average discharge, peak discharge and pollutant load in the basin is gradually weakened. Under the same conditions of repetition period of rainfall, when the rainfall peak coefficient is small (r=0.4), the pollutant load is less, the peak discharge reduction rate is higher, and the delayed effect of the peak runoff is better, but the pollutant reduction rate is not affected by the single rainfall peak coefficient.

The Ashi River is one of the most polluted rivers in the first tributary of the Songhua River where the environmental problems caused by agricultural non-point source pollution are worrying. In this paper, the Ashi River Basin in Acheng District of Harbin is used as the study area. The SWAT model is used to simulate the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP) in the Ashi River Basin. The nutrient yield and output ratio of different land use, soil type and slope in the Ashi River Basin are analyzed. The results show that the maximum TN yield of different land use is agricultural land, followed by forest and grassland, among which the TN output ratio of agricultural land accounts for 81.2% of the total output; the higher output for TP load of different land use are agricultural land and grassland, followed by shrubs, wetlands and forests. The TP output ratio of agricultural land accounts for 72.3% of the total output. The highest TN yield of different soil types is urban, followed by paddy soil, black soil and meadow soil, while the higher TN output of each soil type includes black soil, meadow soil and dark brown soil, accounting for 38.5, 27.3% and 24.0% respectively. The order of TP yield and output ratio for different soil types are similar as TN. Under different slopes, the TN and TP yields decrease with the increase in slope and the output ratio of TN and TP are similar.

Climate change and human activities are the two main driving factors affecting hydrological cycle and water resources allocation. Yalong River Basin is an important hydropower base in China. Its planned total installed capacity is up to 30 million kilowatts. A quantitative analysis of the impact of land use/cover change on hydrological extremes is necessary and valuable for flood control dispatching of cascade reservoirs in Yalong River Basin and ensuring flood control safety. Firstly, the daily scale SWAT model of Yalong River Basin is established. Then, the CLUE-S model is used to simulate the spatial distribution of land use under the urbanization development scenario. Based on the current land use situation, the spatial distribution of land use under the situation of GGP (grain for green program) is obtained. Daily runoff series under the three land use scenarios (base period, urbanization scenario and GGP scenario) are simulated and analyzed. The main results are as follows: First, the SWAT model can simulate and reproduce the hydrological extremes of Yalong River Basin in the base period of Yajiang, Wali and Xiaodeshi stations well. The Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient and deterministic coefficient of the calibration and validation period are all above 0.70, and the absolute value of PBIAS is less than 10% except for validation period of Wali Station, so the simulation accuracy is acceptable. Second, under the urbanization land use scenario, the proportion of urban area increases from 0.12% to 0.37%, and the proportion of cultivated land and unused land decreases slightly. The daily maximum flow of Yajiang, Maidilong and Wali stations increases as a whole, and the average increment is 4.6%, 3.4% and 2.3%, respectively, gradually decreasing from upstream to downstream. Third, under the GGP land use scenario, the proportion of cultivated land decreases from 5.43% to 2.85%, and the proportion of woodland and grassland increases accordingly. The daily maximum flow of Yajiang, Maidilong and Wali stations decreases slightly, but the reduction is very limited, and the decrease of Wali Station is the largest, only -1.2%.

In Lixiahe Area of Jiangsu Province, river networks are densely dotted, river water liquidity is poor, and the water ecological environment problems are prominent. Temporal and spatial characteristics analysis of water quality can provide a scientific basis for water resources management and water ecological environment improvement. Based on the whole water quality monitoring data of 39 sections in Taizhou of Lixiahe area in 2017, this paper comprehensively uses single factor water quality identification index, comprehensive water quality identification index and GIS spatial analysis method to analyze the temporal and spatial variation characteristics and causes of water quality in typical areas of Lixiahe Abdominal Area. The water quality in Taizhou of Lixiahe Abdominal Area show prominent changes during the year. The annual change is mainly affected by rainfall in high water period and the amount of monthly external diversion of water sources. From January to May, the quantity of external diversion increases and the quality of water improves.From June to September, water diversion decreases, precipitation increases and water quality deteriorates.In October, precipitation and diversion of water are low, the water quality is the worst of the year. From October to December, precipitation is low, diversion water significantly increases, and water quality improves. From July to October, water quality is worst. The main pollution factors were DO,CODMn and TP; From January to February, water quality was poor. The main pollution factors were BOD5, CODMn, TP and CODCr; From March to June, water quality was good. The main pollution factors were BOD5 and TP. The water quality in Taizhou of Lixiahe abdominal area also had prominent spatial difference. In the months with large amount of external water sources, water quality gradually deteriorated from southwest to northeast and southeast, and the spatial change of water quality had a strong correlation with the water diversion route. In the months with a small amount of external water sources, the water quality generally showed the characteristics of being superior in the south and inferior in the north, mainly affected by precipitation, topography and local pollutant accumulation.

Based on GIS and RS technology as well as the Cambodian national legal system and economic characteristics, through the field researching, the change characteristics of the land use types are revealed after the land use data interpretation in 2003, 2008 and 2013. The study shows that under the influence of people’s social and economic activities, the overall area of natural landscape in Tonle SAP Lake Basin decreases, while the overall area of human landscape increases. The amount of the area decreased is nearly the same as that of the increased. In the natural landscape, the shrubbery, sparse wood forest and grassland may be invaded by human activities easily and are fragile and the areas mainly reduced. In the human landscape, the increase is dominated by land reclamation. The change characteristics of land use types in the Tonle SAP Lake Basin in the last ten years indicate that human social and economic activities have seriously influenced the change trend and degree of land use landscape, human has even had the power to control the change.

The effect of grass planting ditch on rural sewage purification is still unclear. In order to quantitatively evaluate the purification effect of grass planting ditch on rural sewage, three sewage points are randomly selected in Yingcun of Xiamen City for field sampling and indoor test, and sampling and experiment are repeated three times. The changes of BOD5, COD, ammonia nitrogen, TN and TP after 15 and 30 cm soil columns are measured. The results show that the removal rates of BOD5, COD, ammonia nitrogen, TN and TP were 39.3%, 52.0%, 53.9%, 36.2% and 85.1%, and most of them could be removed when the thickness of the swale was 15 cm; the removal rates of BOD5, COD, ammonia nitrogen, TN and TP were 56.0%, 67.5%, 64.8%, 43.7% and 64.6% when the thickness of the swale was 30 cm. It can be seen that 70% of the purification effect of 30 cm thick grass planting ditch is completed between 0~15 cm, and less than 30% in the range of 15~30 cm.Grass planting ditch has obvious purification effect on rural sewage, which is an effective way to transform and harden the drainage ditch and improve the rural ecological environment.

：Determining the sources of nutrients and their temporal and spatial distributions is the key to effectively achieve the pollution control objectives and maintaining water quality in the Dongjiang River. A HSPF-based distributed model is developed to study nutrient pollution from point and non-point sources in the Dongjiang River watershed. The HSPF model is first calibrated at 12 hydrological stations. The calibrated model is then used to analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of flow and water quality in the Dongjiang River. The results show that ammonia nitrogen concentrations are the lowest in the upstream Longchuan Station, while the highest in Heyuan Station, but total nitrogen concentrations exhibit little changes from upstream to downstream. Total phosphorus concentrations show a similar trend as ammonia nitrogen, with concentrations decreasing from Heyuan to Lingxia and then to Boluo. The four tributaries - Zengjiang River, Gongzhuang River, Xinfengjiang Reservoir, and Xizhijiang, contribute a total of 71.9% of ammonia nitrogen, 61.6% of total nitrogen, and 73.8% of total phosphorus. Therefore, the focus of Dongjiang river pollution control should be reducing pollutant loads from these tributaries.

Dongying is one of the most important cities in the Yellow River Delta. Water ecosystem, an important component of wetland eco-environment, is the basic condition for the survival and development of human beings and nature. Water ecosystems are complex and diverse, involving a wide range of content. It is difficult to describe quantitatively the influence factors of water ecosystem change and the level of influence by the common theoretical methods. According to the principles of scientific, comprehensive and operational, the water ecosystem evaluation system of 8 indexes based on time series, such as population, per capita water resources, and the amount of agricultural chemical fertilizer, is constructed. The system based on principal component analysis, extracting principal component of index data, quantitatively descripting the actual degree of ecological water environmental affected by each index, and to evaluate the water ecosystem quality of each year. The index system and principal component analysis are applied to the evaluation and influencing factors of water ecosystem in the Yellow River Delta, Dongying. The results show that the water ecosystem of Dongying City is deteriorating year after year. There are 5 main influencing factors of water ecosystem, and the secondary influence indexes have 2. This paper provides a basis for making water ecosystem protection measures for the relevant departments of the Yellow River Delta.

Based on MOD10A2 snow products, the spatial and temporary variations of the snow coverage (SCA) in the Tarim River Basin during the 2001-2013 period are assessed. Besides, the Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM) is applied to two sub-basins (i.e. the Yarkant watershed and the Yurukash watershed) and the contribution of snowmelt runoff to total runoff (Qs) is calculated. The results show that: April-October is the snowmelt season for the Tarim River Basin and the SCA reaches the lowest value in July or August. The annual SCA showed a statistically insignificant decreasing trend with a decreasing rate of 210 km2/a. The annual mean SCA of the Tarim River Basin is 21.7% and those of its headwater regions were above 45%. Besides, streamflow in Yarkant and Yurukash watersheds can be well simulated by SRM with Nash-Sutcllliffe coefficients above 0.7 and the absolute values of Volumn error less than 15% for both calibration and validation periods. The annual mean Qs for the Yarkant and Yurukash watersheds is 68.56% and 70.19%, with an increasing rate of 0.3%a-1 and 1.0%a-1, respectively. The results indicate that the Tarim River Basin is a typical snowmelt driven basin with snowmelt contribute significantly to the runoff.

In order to effectively solve the multi-objective water resources allocation problem ，this paper considers reservoir operation and fully realizes the scientific utilization of limited water resources, an improved multi-objective cuckoo search (IMOCS) is proposed in this paper. Compared with traditional cuckoo search, IMOCS introduces chaos theory to ensure the diversity of initial population, and uses adaptive discovery probability and step size to balance the global optimization and local search of the algorithm. In order to ensure the uniformity and diversity of the non-dominated solutions, the 3-point shortest path method is used as the deletion and preservation mechanism of the external archive set. In this paper, the improved algorithm is applied to Tongshuo Water Supply Area under the background of Shanxi water networks. The results are reasonable and effective, which verifies the feasibility of the model and provides a basis for water resources allocation in this area.

Since the implementation of the most stringent water resources management system，many regions attach importance to the most stringent water resources management system, promote various tasks of the water resources management and support the sustainable use of water resources. This paper introduces the basic situation of the implementation of water resources management assessment during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan. The implementation of water resources management assessment is analyzed, and indicators in recent years are sorted out. This paper is an attempt to analyze the achievements and problems in the assessment of the whole country including Jiangxi Province, and put forward suggestions and countermeasures to further improve the assessment system and promote water resources management, conservation and protection.

The contradiction between water supply and demand in North China is prominent. It is especially important to establish a regional water resources pre-warning mechanism. In this paper, the non-flood period is used to propose a method of delineating the warning line and pre-warned zone based on the water quantity and coupling of water quantity and water quality. By taking into account the length of the pre-warning period, it is divided into point warning and process warning. At the same time, the impact of precipitation on the early warning level is considered during the pre-warning period, it is divided into dynamic pre-warning and static pre-warning. This paper takes the East District of Jinan City as an example to apply water resources pre-warning. The application has taken into account the impact of water quality and quantity on the warning level and given a corresponding pre-warning plan.

The influence of climate on runoff change plays a fundamental part in water resources utilization and management. In order to explore the influence of ENSO cycle on the change of runoff in the upper reaches of Fenhe River, the annual runoff data at Shangjingyou Station, Fenhe Reservoir Station, Zhaishang Station, Lancun Station, and the multi-variable ENSO index (MEI), the data from 1956-2000 are used in this paper. Results show that MEI has an upward trend, and the duration of the dry period of runoff also increases accordingly. In addition, in years with a large MEI, the volume of runoff is little, whereas in years with a small MEI, the volume of runoff is large. The above-mentioned results indicate that the variation of runoff series has a certain response to the ENSO cycle. Before the 1970s, the runoff data at four hydrological stations and MEI index has the same 1~4 a period, the correlation is also significant. Meanwhile, they have a good correlation during the period of 11~12 a. That is, ENSO cycle has a great impact on runoff. After the 1970s, although a certain correlation between the runoff series and MEI on the period of 1~3 a existed, there was no similar significant periods. Therefore, the influence of ENSO cycle on the runoff is relatively reduced. And runoff changes from climate driven to climate and human activities jointly driven mode.

In recent years, human activities have led to climate anomalies and frequent rainstorms and floods. It is of great significance to establish an effective runoff model to simulate the basin runoff process. However, the errors of prophase water regime have become a key bottleneck to further improve the accuracy of runoff simulation. To simulate the basin prophase water regime more accurately, a runoff simulation model based on steady flow field is proposed under the guidance of Navier-Stokes Equation. In order to solve the problem of “abnormal direction of water flow” in the model, the mixed flow simulation is added to the modal, which includes water velocity increment correction and mixing simulation with neighborhood. It is proved that the new algorithm can produce a stable water flow when the upstream has a stable water supply. On this basis, a certain amount of upstream flow sequences and area precipitation sequence before the simulation period are imported to the model to produce prophase water regime. Finally, taking the upper reaches of Minjiang River as the experimental basin, the steady flow field is created by substituting the upstream flow of 24 hours before the simulation period into the model to simulate prophase water regime of the basin. 600 hours of measured precipitation data and upstream flow data are used to simulate runoff confluence, the simulated water level series of the hydrological station at the outlet of the basin are obtained. Compared with the measured water level, it is found that the proposed method can improve the accuracy of runoff simulation in the basin and has a certain theoretical significance and practical value in the early warning and forecasting of rainstorm and flood disasters.

This paper is based on the water use and the distribution of cultivated land reserve resources. The mean square error decision method is used to calculate the weight value of each index by establishing the DPSIR index system. Then the level of ecological carrying capacity of 14 regions is estimated and the spatial layout of cultivated land reserve resources development in Xinjiang. The results show that the ecological carrying capacity of cultivated land reserve resources in Dongjiang is higher than that in southern Xinjiang and the distribution of cultivated land reserve resources is consistent with the ecological environment carrying capacity level. The high carrying capacity areas should give priority to the development of cultivated land reserve resources, the poor carrying capacity areas should be moderately developed according to actual condition, rational development and utilization of each inch of cultivated land reserve resources. The research results will facilitate the further scientific planning of water use methods and rational development layout of cultivated land reserve resources, relieve current land pressure and improve the ecological environment of cultivated land.

In the process of model simulation, the influence of sub-watershed area on hydrological results has become an important issue in academic research. In this paper, two kinds of MIKE FLOOD models for automatic division of catchment area and traditional manual division of catchment area are established, and the results of one-dimensional pipe network model and two-dimensional submergence model are compared respectively. The results show that the flow of pipe network is more concentrated on the way of automatic division of water catchment area by software, and the quantity of pipeline overload and the degree of waterlogging are higher than those of the traditional manual method.

At present, the distributed hydrological model does not consider the influence of soil swelling on rainfall infiltration when it is used to simulate the hydrological process of a river basin. This will cause the distortion of model simulation and restrict the applicability of the distributed hydrological model in the basin. In this paper, revised traditional Green-Ampt model (TGAM), introduction of expansive soil hydraulic conductivity and expansive soil saturated water content, a rainfall infiltration model (GJGAM) considering the effects of soil swelling is proposed and applied to the distributed hydrological model WEP-L model. Finally, taking the Nanxiaohegou River Basin as a research area, the Shibamutai Section is selected as the control section. The improved WEP-L model is used to simulate the precipitation and runoff process in the study area. The results show that using the improved WEP-L model before and after the improvement, the relative error between the simulated and measured values of monthly runoff at the regular-period study section does not change much, but the Nash coefficient increases significantly. The relative error decreases during the verification period and the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient increases. By considering the effect of soil swelling on rainfall infiltration, the WEP-L model has significantly improved the simulation effect of rainfall infiltration process in the Nanxiaohegou Drainage Basin, and is highly applicable.

Based on the survey data of 1140 farmers in 12 counties of 6 provinces in the Yellow River Irrigation District, the ordered probit model is used to analyze the impact of grassroots organization and social networks on the management and maintenance effect of small-scale farmland water conservancy facilities. The results of the study show that both grassroots organization and social networks significantly positively affects the management and maintenance effects of small-scale farmland water conservancy facilities. The social network is further subdivided into the network of friends and relatives and general network, the impact of the general network on the management and maintenance effect is more significant, and through interactive analysis, it is found that the grassroots organization will enhance the positive impact of the general networks on the management and maintenance effect, while the networks of friends and relatives will play a negative adjustment role.

To reveal the influence of different furrow irrigation ways on potato growth and quality, three irrigation treatments, alternating furrow irrigation (AFI), conventional furrow irrigation (CFI) and fixed furrow irrigation (FFI), are set up to study the changes of stem diameter, plant height, leaf area expansion rate, yield and internal quality of potatoes under different irrigation models, and to evaluate them comprehensively by subordinate function value method. After 35 days of seedling emergence, the plant growth rate of AFI treatment was obviously higher than that of CFI and FFI treatment; the yield of fresh potatoes increased by 10.43%, 40.24%, the commercial potato rate increased by 30%, 48.43% compared with the other two treatments; the starch and protein content of potatoes treated by AFI were significantly higher than those treated by CI and FFI. Through the analysis of subordinate function value method, the components of yield and quality of potato under three irrigation modes and 10 indicators such as stem diameter, plant height and leaf area were comprehensively evaluated. Alternate furrow irrigation was the best performance. At the same soil moisture level, alternative furrow irrigation has significant advantages in promoting the growth of stem diameter, plant height and leaf area of potatoes, and can significantly improve their economic yield and commercial potato rate, as well as improve their quality.

Based on the 20 representative urban areas, the meteorological data of 20 years’ complete observation series from 1996 to 2015 are selected as analysis objects. This paper calculates the crop deficit water consumption in the typical winter wheat-summer maize growing season in North China Plains, and the frequency of precipitation are 75%, 50% and 25% of the design typical year and the corresponding precipitation. The Penman-Monteith formula is used to determine the reference crop evapotranspiration. Combining the crop coefficients of winter wheat and summer maize, the crop water demand is determined. And then the ArcGIS is used to interpolate the water deficit in North China Plains. The irrigation system is formulated reasonably for the North China Plains, the agricultural crop planting structure is adjusted and the reference for optimizing the allocation of agricultural water resources is provided.

In order to determine the number of sampling irrigation areas reasonably, by reducing the workload of water consumption statistics and improving the accuracy of water consumption statistics, this study proposes a method of selecting sampling irrigation areas in the calculation of agricultural water consumption, and determines the selection principles, basic requirements and selection methods of sampling irrigation areas. This method requires that all large and medium-sized irrigation areas should be calculated directly, and that the small-sized irrigated areas should be calculated by selecting the irrigated area samples. The small-sized sample irrigation areas are selected according to the water intake type, the well irrigation areas were selected according to the minimum quantity requirements, and the surface water source irrigation areas are determined according to the three stages of “preliminary determination of the number of sample irrigation areas - minimum number of sample irrigation areas - final determination of the number of sample irrigation areas”. According to this method, a total of 2218 small surface water source sample irrigation areas and 602 small-well irrigation areas should be arranged according to the irrigation zones.

The meteorological data of 13 meteorological stations in Poyang Lake Basin from 1958 to 2018 are used to calculate the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at different time scales. Based on MK test, wavelet analysis method, empirical orthogonal function decomposition (EOF) and drought evaluation index, the trend and periodic variation of drought in the Poyang Lake Basin in the past 61 years are analyzed, and the relationship between drought characteristics and multivariate ENSO index (MEI) is discussed. The results show that the inter-annual variation of SPEI changed in 1967, from dry to wet, the overall drought trend in spring is the most significant, followed by summer, autumn and winter. There is a drought trend in some areas; the drought intensity of the basin is not significantly increased, mainly in light and moderate droughts, and the drought is mainly caused by drought and local drought in the whole basin. EOF results indicate drought of the first spatial mode has the same spatial distribution. The second spatial mode is bounded by 28°N, and the zonal distribution increases gradually from south to north. The results of wavelet analysis indicate that the Poyang Lake Basin has a memory range of 26~32 years. In the cyclical change of dry-wet-dry alternating, MEI changed the cold and warm phase in 1977 and 1999. The MEI, precipitation and inter-annual variation of temperature shows a cold-warm-cold trend overall. MEI and SPEI has a positive correlation. When the MEI is warm, there is a tendency to wet, and vice versa.

The irrigation decision system based on timer, flowmeter and fuzzy control method is used in greenhouse, which does not take into account the water consumption of crops in each growth period, which may easily lead to the loss of irrigation decision accuracy. A design of irrigation time decision based on( Adaptation Particle Swarm Optimization-Extreme Learning Machine，APSO-ELM)and fuzzy logic system is proposed. Since APSO can improve the ability of jumping out of local search and ELM has the advantages of fast learning rate, it is combined to realize the prediction of evapotranspiration of reference crops. Since the fuzzy logic system can satisfy that irrigation is a time-delay and nonlinear process, crop evapotranspiration and soil decline rate are used to input into the fuzzy logic system and output the time needed for irrigation of current crops. Experimental results show that the design can output accurate irrigation time.

Selecting the arid belt planting base in the central part of Ningxia Irrigation District, monitoring and evaluation of irrigation uniformity, water supply pressure and emitter water output, soil vertical and horizontal profile wetting range and economic benefits of trace irrigation technology, the results show that irrigation has high irrigation uniformity and can save water resources effectively, the water supply pressure has a polynomial relationship with the water output of the emitter, as the water supply pressure increases, the water output of the emitter increases.When the water supply pressure reaches 20 m water head, the water output of the emitter is suddenly reduced, and the emitter damage cannot be recovered;trace irrigation operation is more expensive than drip irrigation and has high operating costs.

In order to simulate the flow state of water surface during dam-break to study the law of water level change and the influence of negative wave on the evolution process of dam-break flow, 3-D numerical model has been developed by FLUENT. The model solves the Reynolds-Average Navier-Stokes equations by using the Volume-Of-Fluid (VOF) method and k-ε model. The finite volume method is used to separate the model into hexasome structural mesh, and PISO algorithm is used to solve problems numerically. The flow state of dam-break flow is simulated and calculated respectively under three conditions: dam-break with water downstream, dam-break without water downstream but obstacles and partial dam-break without water downstream. The simulation results are compared with the experimental data of predecessors to verify the correctness of the numerical model. Then the trend and distribution of water level of dam-break flow is analyzed under three conditions to further study the flow characteristics and evolution process of dam-break flow.

Based on the measured hydrological data, underwater topographic data, cross-section mapping data in different years and existing research findings of the Lishui Flood Channel, this paper studies the variation of storage capacity of Lishui Flood Channel and Qili Lake Channel, the variation characteristics of erosion and deposition in key parts of flood channel, the evolution law of erosion and deposition in vertical section and typical cross-section. The results show that the level of Lishui Flood Channel has not changed much since 1995, but the riverbed fluvial scour is obvious. It also shows that the beach of the Lishui Flood Channel is the place of sediment deposition while the whole of the flood channel is scouring. With the operation of the upstream reservoir, the scouring rate of river channel has been accelerated since 2003. There is a strong trend of evolution in Xinhekou and Liulingzui reach where it is necessary to strengthen observation and take necessary measures to stabilize the river regime.

Based on the flow dynamic equation of two-dimensional unsteady, and combined with the characteristics of terrain, flood analysis model is constructed by the irregular grid technology. The measured data of the typical year is used to calibrate and validate the model respectively, and the results indicate that the model has a high simulation precision. Then, the real-time flood risk analysis system is established by the overall service-oriented architecture and multi-tier distributed application architecture with the SOA. Finally, the results show that the system realizes the real-time flood evolution analysis and dynamic simulation with the well performance and flexibility, and it can provide the decision support for flood control, disaster prevention and reduction, engineering construction and other fields. Therefore, the system will have a great application prospect.

：Hydraulic transportation of piped carriage is a new and energy-saving transport mode. It is of great significance to study flow field characteristics and stress analysis in pipelines. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the stress distribution on the cylinder wall of piped carriage with different diameter-length ratios when it is stationary in pipe flow. One way is to use Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV) to measure the velocity distribution near the cylinder wall of piped carriage, then the shear stress on the cylinder wall of piped carriage is calculated by the theoretical method. The other is to measure the distribution of principal stress on the cylinder wall of piped carriage directly by customizing pipeline force measurement system. The experiments are conducted in a circulating system with a diameter of 100 mm and a length of 27 m. The results show that the three components of principal stress and wall shear stress on the cylinder of piped carriage are all symmetrical with respect to Z-axis distribution. When the ratio of diameter to length of piped carriage is 0.53, the average value of the wall shear stress of piped carriage is the largest. When the ratio of diameter to length is 0.63, the average value of the wall shear stress is the smallest. The principal stress exerts a great force on the cylinder of piped carriage. The circumferential component of the principal stress is the largest, the axial component is the second, and the radial component is the smallest, i.e. σc>σa>σr. Under the conditions of this experiment, the axial component of the principal stress should include the shear stress on the cylinder of piped carriage, and the Reynolds stress on the cylinder of piped carriage cannot be neglected due to the turbulence of water flow.

In order to explore the structural damage and instability problems of high arch dams under super strong earthquakes，from the perspective of overloading capacity of high arch dams, and considering the nonlinear of concrete materials under cyclic tensile-compressive load and the initial stress field formed during the construction of high arch dams before earthquakes, the damage and cracking of high-arch dams under natural seismic wave spectrum characteristics are analyzed by means of the additional mass method. The research results indicate that the cementation surface of the dam heel and the middle part of the horizontal top arch are serious areas of damage and cracking. Under the design condition of gradient increase in seismic peak value, the damage of dam foundation cementation surface increases regularl and the damage area increases continuously. When the peak value of earthquake is 0.4 g, damage also occurs on top of the dam, and when the peak value of earthquake is 0.6 g, cracks of penetrating nature occur in the middle of the arch dam. Comparing the physical model test with the damage and cracking simulation test of high arch dam, the results show that the damage and cracking locations and the development trend of the two are basically the same, which further proves the rationality of the simulation experiment in this paper.

Huai River Basin, as the sixth largest river basin in China, has a high-regulated river system. It is located in the transitional zone between North China and South China and covers an area of 270,000 square kilometers. But the excessive construction of dams and floodgates has also led to the further deterioration of water environment. At present, Huai River Basin is experiencing serious water problems such as floods and water shortage, high regulation, serious pollution and aquatic ecology degradation. It is one of the indispensable methods for the comprehensive management of Huai River Basin to study the changes of natural flow and hydrological characteristics caused by dams and floodgates in the basin. In this paper, the changing patterns of runoff at 15 hydrological stations from 1961 to 2000 and from 1961 to 2016 on the highly regulated river (Shaying River) and less-regulated river (Huai River, Hongru River and Southern mountainous areas) in the basin are evaluated at the monthly, seasonal and annual scales by using the Mann-Kendall non-parametric test. Based on the analysis results, this paper will evaluate the runoff trend of several representative stations. The findings are useful for recognizing hydrology variation and will provide scientific foundation to integrated water resources management in Huai River Basin.

In view of the geological conditions of dam engineering in the Zhongye Reservoir project and the lack of impermeable soil in the engineering area, the seepage control scheme of the dam is compared and selected, the project adopts asphalt concrete core wall scheme. Combined with reservoir engineering, this paper studies the technical characteristics, seepage control arrangement, construction technology and filling method. After the construction, quality inspection is conducted on the wall, the bulk density of asphalt concrete is 2.35～2.43 g/cm3, the porosity is 0.5%～2.8%, and the permeability coefficient is less than 1×10-8cm/s, the quality meets the requirements. When the water level is high, there is no leakage in the dam slope of the reservoir, the dam seepage control effect is obvious. Application of asphalt concrete core wall in the dam seepage control and solve the difficulties in damming the impervious soil is lack of areas. The successful application of this technology in the Zhongye Reservoir Projects can be a reference for similar projects.

Traditional concrete retaining wall lacks ecological characteristics. Setting several rows of ecological grooves on the water-facing side wall surface of traditional concrete retaining wall, that is, planting ecological retaining wall, can effectively solve the problem of insufficient ecological characteristics of traditional concrete retaining wall, and propose two construction methods and corresponding design parameters. The rainwater collection automatic watering system and the solar moisture content monitoring automatic watering system can ensure the healthy growth of plants in the ecological tank, finally can form a full-coverage ecological beauty effect on the water-facing side of the retaining wall, and are helpful for unfortunate people who fall into the water to climb ashore and save themselves. Where it is suitable for traditional concrete retaining walls, planting ecological retaining walls can be used. The traditional concrete retaining wall after ecological transformation has predictable ecological function.

Based on the theory of location entropy and Lorentz curve, the evolution of water use structure in Shanxi Province from 2003 to 2017 is studied, and the spatial distribution and variation characteristics of water use are analyzed. The results show that the total amount of water used in Shanxi Province is on the rise, the proportion of water use structure is relatively stable, the agricultural water consumption is dominant and the spatial distribution is more balanced, the spatial distribution of domestic water tends to be balanced with time, the spatial distribution of industrial water and ecological water is more unbalanced and the difference tends to increase. It is necessary to further optimize the water use structure and improve the water utilization efficiency in industry and agriculture in the future, and more attention should be paid to ecological water use to realize the balanced development of economy, society and ecology in Shanxi Province.

Discuss the relationship between club size and optimal facility size by building a general model of club items，and proves that there is a moderate range of use of specific types of water conservancy facilities. Under the condition of establishing potential government supply，the two kinds of equilibrium between the club and the herdsmen prove that the government can provide a basis for the efficient and perfect marketization and club governance with higher price water supply. Research shows that government governance，organizational governance and personal governance should exist at the same time. Government intervention can help solve water shortage，but relying entirely on the government will make the supply of small-scale water conservancy facilities insufficient，and it will also lead to overload running of water supply facilities provided by the government. Therefore，government intervention should guide the evolution of stakeholder relations to stable organizational relations under the premise of guaranteeing the right to subsistence.

From the perspective of virtual water, a performance evaluation system of agricultural products export trade in Poyang Lake Basin is constructed based on 3E standard, and then the scheme level indicator data from 2008 to 2017 are collected. By using AHP method, the post evaluation is carried out from the pespective of economy, efficiency and effectiveness. On the basis of the key indicators affecting the performance of various categories of virtual water trade of agricultural products in Poyang Lake Basin, a further study finds that the growth amplitude of economic performance score is more gentle, the efficient performance score always ranks bottom, and the overall effective performance score is in the middle, and the improvement is more significant after 2013. The overall performance score shows a positive trend of overall improvement in the fluctuation over the years, but the overall score is not high, indicating that although virtual water trade of agricultural products do not cause significant “resource curse” of water endowment, but it is not strong enough to drive the overall economic and social development in the basin.