Irrigation frequency has important effect on crop water consumption and water use efficiency ( WUE) ，but there is seldom research on irrigation in underground tuber-harvested economic crops． Jerusalem artichoke water consumption and WUE were determined in compounded irrigation treatments with the irrigation time in the stages of seedling ( S) ，lush foliage ( L) ，budding ( B) ，and flowering ( L) ，respectively． The treatments were respectively designed as J1，in which crops were watered 600 m3 /hm2 ( S600． The same below． ) ，J2 ( S600 + L600) ，J3 ( S600 + B600) ，J4 ( S600 + L300 + B900) ，J5 ( S600 + L900 + B300) ，J6 ( S600 + L600 + B300 + F900) ，and CK，in which crops were never watered． The result indicated that water was consumed and required the most at lush foliage and seedling stage of jerusalem artichoke，followed by budding stage． The difference was not significant ( p ＞ 0． 05) in the periodic water consumption ( PWC) ，daily water consumption ( DWC) ，and the ratio of periodic water consumption in total water use ( ＲPWC) at jerusalem artichoke seedling stage under different irrigation frequency，but significant difference was found between the irrigated plants and that never watered． PWC and DWC were significantly decreased by water stress at lush foliage and budding stage，while PWC，DWC，and ＲPWC significantly increased by watering at flowering stage． The total water consumption ( TWC) of jerusalem artichoke increased with the increase of irrigation frequency and water application，however，different irrigation distribution during plant growth stages had no significant effect on TWC under the same irrigation frequency and water application． TWC was significantly increased by 55． 3% ～ 205． 6% in irrigated plots than never watered ones，and the higher irrigation frequency，the more water consumption． The WUE reduced with the increase of irrigation frequency and water application， but no difference was found in WUE of jerusalem artichoke subjected to different irrigation distribution during crop growth stages under the same irrigation frequency and water application． Therefore，there was obvious difference in water consumption and water use efficiency between underground tuber-harvested economic crops and grain-harvested plants． Fully water application during nutrition growth period and early productive period should be provided to meet water requirement in evaporation and assimilation while less water should be applied during reproductive stage．

According to the technical problems such as low efficiency of land resources、extensive irrigation method、and the impact on yield of silage maize in Ningxia loess plateau area .The effects of different soil moisture lower limits on silage maize height、net photosynthetic rate、transpiration rate 、the yield and water use efficiency under drip irrigation were analyzed through field experiments. The results indicated that the silage maize height increased, the treatment of F7 maximum, F8 times, F4 minimum；2）The daily average net photosynthetic rate highest of treatment F7 was 20.08 umol/(m2·s),the lowest treatment F1 was 8.01 umol/(m2·s); The daily average transpiration rate highest of treatment F8 was 3.57 mmol/(m2·s),the lowest treatment F1 was 1.71mmol/(m2·s); 3) The highest yield of treatment F7 was 89724 kg/hm2, and the treatment of F1 was the lowest, which was 57136.5kg/hm2,The water use efficiency of treatment F7 reached the maximum value of 20.67 kg/m3 ;Considering crop yield and water use efficiency, soil water lower limit of treatment F7 was recommended for silage maize under drip irrigation.

In order to study the best time for corn irrigation,the micro-spot trials were carried out in rain-protection shed.The growth and
physiological characteristics (including chlorophyll,SOD,POD,MDA,Soluble protein),growth of root systems,yield and water use efficiency of corn were studied under different irrigation methods.The results show that: under the condition of irrigation at the filling stage,the yield will increase significantly.Irrigation at the filling stage and tasseling stage is the best time.Irrigation three times in the growing period of maize can increase yield by 6.36% ,but irrigation water utilization rate is low.So the best supplemental irrigation method is one-time irrigation at filling stage and tasseling stage,respectively.

Through field experiment,the effects of three irrigation methods,including small border irrigation,conventional furrow irrigation
and alternate furrow irrigation,on yield and WUE of seed maize are evaluated.The results show that yield,water consumption and WUE is 8.73~10.87 t/hm2,349.7~625.0 mm and 1.4~3.01 kg/m3,respectively; the order of water consumption from high to small is small Border Irrigation (SBI),Conventional Furrow Irrigation (CFI),Alternate Furrow Irrigation (AFI).Compared with CFI,AFI increases seed maize yield by-2.43%~10.24% under the same irrigation quota.Under conventional furrow irrigation,the decrease of irrigation will not decrease yield if the crucial crop water requirement can be guaranteed.The yield components analysis result shows that the accumulative contribution rate of kernels per row factor,kernel percentage,ear length factor,ear diameter factor,bare top length factor and 1000-grain weight factor,can reach 85.54% .The irrigation schedule with 2 250 m3/hm2 irrigation quota and 8 irrigation times (2 times at seedling stage,1 time at jointing stage,1 time at heading stage,2 times at filling stage,2 times at milk stage),can get higher economic yield and better WUE in desert oasis area of Gansu Province.

In order to study the law of soil infiltration parameters and roughness in different growth period of wheat,using the measurement methods and models for soil infiltration parameters and roughness proposed by domestic and abroad scholars,according to the measured data of water advance and recession in different growth period of wheat,with the help of winSRFR model,through simulating the irrigation process,this paper summarizes the law of soil infiltration parameters and roughness in Hetao irrigation district in different area and growth period of wheat.The results shows that: ① The variation range of spring wheat field surface roughness is 0.12~0.17,the variation range of spring wheat field Infiltration coefficient is 47.78~75.03 mm/hα,and the variation range of spring wheat infiltration index is 0.26~0.57. ②The order of surface roughness variation from high to low is filling stage,tillering stage,booting stage,jointing stage.The infiltration parameters of spring wheat decreases gradually with wheat grown stage,the order from high to low is tillering stage,jointing stage,booting stage,filling stage.③According to the data analysis by Sigmaplot,it can be found that infiltration parameters have significant differences in each different growth period,while the roughness have significant differences in different growth stages except for booting stage,tillering stage and jointing stage.

The rectangular channel emitters and the rectangular channel model with tooth added are chosen as study objects,and the pressure
-flow relationship of the flow channel model with different dimensions is analyzed by means of CFD simulation by using the fluid analysis software FLUENT.Taking the minimum flow section as the control factor,the change of water velocity flow field in the emitter is further studied
by using TECPLOT software.The results show that: the hydraulic performance of single-tooth labyrinth emitter rectangular channel is better
than that of rectangular channel labyrinth emitter.Under the same size rectangular channel,the flow coefficient and flow exponent decrease
after adding tooth height.When the flow area of the section where the flow channel adds tooth remains consistent,the flow coefficient of flow
channel increases with the increase of size.Moreover,the larger the size of the flow channel after adding tooth,the greater the degree index
decreased,which is beneficial to improve the quality of irrigation emitter.Compared with the rectangular channel emitters,the flow channel
with adding tooth has better energy dissipation efficiency.The study result will provide theoretical basis for the further development of high
hydraulic performance emitter.

In this study,the adaptability of drip irrigation in sandy soil is preliminarily studied through a buried drip irrigation experiment in
indoor sand to provide basis for the field experiment layout.Through the analysis of the transition velocity of wet front and the soil water content variation law of characteristic points,it is found that the transition velocity in radial direction is greater than that in vertical direction;
with the increase of irrigation time and irrigation amount,the wetting front and moisture content in the horizontal and vertical direction get
balance.The contrast of the moisture content of the characteristic points of 15 cm and 20 cm drip irrigation belt buried depth indicates that
the water-saving effect of 15cm drip irrigation belt buried depth is better and more beneficial for the crop growth.The experiment results also
show that wet ratio can be used as an irrigation indicator parameter,and its value should be controlled around 1.0 since the ratio of crop
spacing to crop root depth is usually less than 1.0.

In order to explore the relationship between corn yield and irrigation quota of drip irrigation under film,based on field experiments,by measuring the plant height and basal stem circumference of corn and recording irrigation amount and yield components during the
whole growth period,it can be found that plant height,basal stem circumference and yield are positively and highly correlated with irrigation
quota,while basal stem circumference tends to decrease at the later growth stage.Both plant height and basal stem circumference of corn
reach the maximum value in W5 case,and the higher irrigation quota than that of W5 will be unfavorable to the growth of corn.The corn
yield of W5 case is almost the same with that of W6 case,in which the yield is the highest.Besides,water use efficiency of W5 is the highest one.Therefore,it is not advisable to increase corn yield by simply increasing the irrigation quota when irrigation quota is higher than that
of W5.Correlation analysis result indicates that corn yield is significantly associated with seed weight per unit area,ear length,effect panicle
per plant,and water use efficiency.After comprehensive analysis,it can be concluded that the irrigation quota of W5 is the best choice for
well growth of corn with high water use efficiency.

In 2015,the former cotton mulched drip irrigation system in the Tahe farmland of Aral city of 1st Agricultural Diversion in Aksu
of Xinjiang was reconstructed to an automatic drip irrigation system.The experimental study on automatic irrigation schedule and soil moisture was conducted.In this paper,taking a typical alternate irrigation unit as example,the automatic technology is used to monitor the flow rate of out-ground piles working at the same time,pipeline pressure and the soil moisture change of the irrigation area to analyze the relation between the yield and irrigation amount of each irrigation unit.The results show that: the yield decreases with the increase of irrigation amount when irrigation amount has increased to a certain degree; the yield reaches the highest value of 6 567.60 kg when irrigation quota is 7 426 m3/hm2.The results can provide reference for extending the automation technology and deciding irrigation schedule in irrigation districts with similar conditions.

Furrow irrigation experiment of melon under the condition of ridging and mulching cultivation is carried out in this paper.In the
experiment,eight treatments are set,full irrigation treatment is taken as reference treatment,water deficit at leaf stage and flowering stage is respectively conducted,and the deficit levels include mild,moderate and severe degree.The effects of different water deficit levels on yield and fruit quality of melon are studied.The results indicate that there is a significant correlation between yield and irrigation amount; under the condition of various water deficit levels at different growth stages.Water deficit at the early growth period of melon is not conducive to the late growth of melon.The compensative effect of late irrigation is not obvious.Mild water deficit at flowering stage of melon is more beneficial to the improvement of yield and fruit quality of melon.

In order to exploit the proper water and nutrient schedules of seed maize in arid areas in Northwest China,field experiments with orthogonal test of L9(34)on regulation of irrigation and nutrients were conducted in Shiyanghe basin.The results showed that surface soil moisture variation was large and decreased with the growing of seed maize; under the same irrigation quota,the peaks of soil moisture were formed in deep soil with the increase of irrigation times; the yield and WUE lies between 2 704.14~4 877.57 kg/hm2,0.737~1.053 kg/m3,respectively; the yield was significantly and positively correlated with the water consumption (R2 = 0.84),ear diameter,ear length, bald tip length,ear row number and row grain number; under ridge culture and furrow irrigation condition,the irrigation quota of 2 500 m3/hm2 with 6 irrigation times (500 m3/hm2 after sowing,400 m3/hm2 for stages of jointing,bell,heading,pre-milk and milk,respectively),and the topdressing (urea)quota of 200 kg/hm2 in jointing and bell stage were effective and optimal.

According to the measured data in 2013-3014 in Chaersen irrigation district,the field measurement method and the water balance method are used to calculate the field water use efficiency,the channel water use efficiency is calculated through the typical channel method,and then the irrigation water use efficiency in different spatial scales in Chaersen irrigation district are calculated.Meanwhile,the head-tail method is used to calculate the irrigation water use efficiency in Chaersen irrigation district.The results show that the irrigation water use efficiency decreases remarkably from the scale of farm to lateral canal and from the scale of branch canal to main canal.In the future,the key points of water saving reconstruction in Chaersen irrigation district are the engineering construction and the operational guidance of lateral canal and main canal.The irrigation water use efficiency of the head-tail method is a little more than that of the typical channel method at irrigation district scale,the reason is that the head-tail method considers the reuse of drainage water.

Through a field experiment,in which the two elements of water and nitrogen,3 levels and total 9 combination treatments are set,this paper study the effects of different amount of water and nitrogen on ear leaf’s photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,and the relation between other photosynthetic elements and photosynthetic rate,at grain filling pre-stage under the condition of mulched film drip irrigation with integration of water and nitrogen,to look for the fittest water and nitrogen amount for the transitional area from Song-Liao plain to Inner Mongolia high land.The result shows that stomatal conductivity and transpiration rate is positively linear correlated with photosynthetic rate; intercellular carbon dioxide concentration is negatively linear correlated with photosynthetic rate; both irrigation and nitrogen can improve photosynthetic and transpiration rate,and irrigation has more effect than nitrogen; nitrogen deficit (192 kg/hm2 )causes a bigger inhibitory effect on photosynthetic rate than transpiration rate; the effect of increasing irrigation quantity on improving photosynthetic rate is larger than on transpiration rate; low irritation quantity (1 351~1 465 m3/hm2)in the growth period obstructs the effect of nitrogen on photosynthetic and transpiration rate; water deficit can cause negative influence of over nitrogen treatment; nitrogen effect is significant under the condition of middle-high irritation amount of 1 802~2 315 m3/hm2,while the effect of nitrogen is weak when the application amount increases from 240 kg/hm2 to 288 kg/hm2.The nitrogen amount of 192 kg/hm2 and irrigation amount of 1 802~2 315 m3/hm2 during the growth period can be taken as appropriate coupling application amount of water and nitrogen.

This paper summarized the advance of domestic and overseas study on reclaimed water irrigation on soil quality from seven aspects,including physical properties,pH,soluble,fertility,microbes,heavy metals and organic pollutants.The present study results show that: except for the aspects of soil salinity,microbial activity and content of organic pollutants,there exists divergence for other aspects of study results on reclaimed water irrigation.The present research content is broad and mainly focuses on the effect.It is put forward that from now on,the mechanism of soil quality should be studied more deeply; the multifactor field experimental should be strengthened; the model for the effect of reclaimed water irrigation on the tendency and laws of soil salinity,heavy metal and organic pollutant should be studied intensively to evaluate the potential risk.The research results should supply scientific theoretical base and reference for the use of reclaimed water to alleviate the water-lack situation of China on the premise of avoiding environmental pollution.

Aiming at the problem that the soil salinization restricts the agriculture development of northern Xinjiang,through collecting the field soil sample of different layers,the soil moisture and salinity distribution characteristic of farmland under drip irrigation under mulch before and after planting is analyzed in this paper.The statistics analysis result shows that the variability of soil moisture is medium weak,while the variability of soil salinity is medium strong.The distribution of soil salinity shows the tendency of increasing first and then decreasing from upper layer to lower layer.For spatial distribution,the soil moisture and salinity vary obviously before and after planting.After planting,the distribution of the soil moisture and salinity of shallow layer show shows the laws of higher in the western area while lower in the eastern area.

Based on different operation strategies,the penalty value system for complex water resources system is established.Through the relationship between the penalty value and the operation strategy,and based on the penalty value system for the simple water resources system,the establishment process of the penalty value system for complex water resource under different scenarios is described in detail.The results show that the penalty value system is in accordance with the requirement of the operation strategy,and meets the need of the water resources allocation management.The study results provide theoretical basis for the practical application of WRMM model,and solve the problem that the penalty value needs to be constantly debugged during the use process of WRMM model.

Authentic scientific and technical instructions are absent in farmland irrigation,the phenomena of extensive irrigation often exist,and the problems of wasting water are highlighted.Based on Internet of things,using the scientific and technical methods of informationtransfer,real-time monitoring and automatic control,this paper realizes the automatic collection of the information of soil moisture and irrigation flow,the remote data storage and analysis and automatic irrigation control.The study has important significance for the development of intelligent irrigation in Anhui province.

On account of the problems of traditional water conservancy projects,the Tanglai canal administration bureau makes full use of
some advance information technologies,including intellisense technology,3S technology,cloud computation and cloud storage technology,
Internet of things and WebGIS,to realize the transition from traditional water conservancy to digital water conservancy,and eventually realizes the transformation to intelligent water conservancy and establishes a digital TangLai information management system.This system consists
of digital map decision command platform,comprehensive data analysis and query platform,intelligent irrigation expert assistant system,
handheld mobile information terminals,digital business management support platform,and automatic acquisition and control platform.It is a
truly management platform system which meets the demand of irrigation district management,has the characteristics of digital,intelligent
control,scientific decision -making,coordination management,and can provide scientific decision basis for all the administration
departments.

Because of animal husbandry in Xinjiang irrigation area without power supply, water can't filter, difficult realization of drip irrigation projects, currently uses the ground irrigation. Terrain slope, a large number of water loss and soil erosion, irrigation water more irrigation area downstream poor drainage lowland swamp area increased, and the rise of ground water level in soil salinity, abandon the field area expands gradually, the planting area is shrinking. In order to solve the above problem, made full use of the gap has been developed since the filter pressure drip irrigation project. Channel water flow at the same time, the regulation of the pool flow, collection of bucket established a balanced relationship between flow and system flow. With gap and pressure drip irrigation engineering example is given to illustrate different terrain system process flow and the calculation of the filter size and Solved. The water filtration pressure drip irrigation project, sand flushing, flushing and washing itself. Without electricity for animal husbandry irrigation water-saving irrigation technology provides the basis.

In order to enhance the applicability and accuracy of Hargreaves equation in different regions and improve the regional crop water content estimation accuracy and the Irrigation District management level,based on the daily meteorological data of the five meteorological stations in Tarim basin oasis area from 1961 to 2014,this paper analyzed the Hargreaves model parameters by taking the maximum temperature, minimum temperature,atmospheric top sun radiation as the independent variable,and the ET0 value calculated by the penman Monteith formula as dependent variable.The results show that the variation trend of year-round and summer conversion coefficient K of the study area is the same,which gradually increase from the north to the south,while the trend in spring,autumn and winter is the opposite; annual and summer index coefficient n have the same change trend,which gradually increase from the south to north,while gradually increase from the north to the south inspring,autumn,winter; the temperature offset Toff overall gradually increase from the south to the north.For the calibrated related index of Hargreaves formula and P-M equation,the annual value is the maximum as 0.787,followed by that in spring and autumn,as 0.704 and 0.722,respectively,the value in winter is the minimum as 0.454.The fitting parameters standard error indicates that the fitting value throughout the year is the most accurate while the value in winter is the lowest.

Currently,water-saving irrigation technology is widely being used in agriculture.Applying the numerical simulation method can
make the internal flow field and particle motion in irrigation system visible,and save the cost and the time of the developing and running a water-saving irrigation system.Due to the different kinds of irrigation soil,irrigation crops and irrigation device structure,different needs for crop irrigation quantity,different irrigation fertilizer types,reasonably choosing various irrigation system parameters through the numerical simulation can save the indoor and field test time to faster design a better irrigation system.

On the basis of the meteorological data from 1961 to 2008 of Tianchang City Meteorological Bureau and the paddy irrigation experiment results of Erfeng key irrigation test station,starting from paddy water requirement,seepage amount and rainfall in different hydrological
years,the optimal irrigation schedules for paddy in the hilly areas of eastern Anhui province under different water-supply condition in different hydrological years are analyzed by using established water production function model and the water balance principle.The results can provide scientific base for estimating the paddy drought loss,making drought-resisting and disaster-reducing plan,optimally scheduling water resources and rationally adjust industrial structure in the hilly areas of eastern Anhui province.