According to the development of efficient water-saving irrigation in Xinjiang，and the development of automatic irrigation and China＇s solenoid valve，Xinjiang Water Ｒesources Ｒesearch Institute independently developed DN110 large flow DC pulse solenoid valve． The purpose of the study is to study the influence of diaphragm depth deviation on hydraulic performance of solenoid valve to improve the hydraulic performance of the solenoid valve． The results show that when the design flow rate is 60～ 100 m3 /h，the depth deviation of the diaphragm has little effect on the hydraulic performance of the solenoid valve; under the design flow rate of 100～ 140 m3 /h，the deviation of the diaphragm depth has little effect on the head loss; the influence of the diaphragm depth on the opening pressure of the solenoid valve is little，and the main factors are the ingredients and processing technology of the diaphragm material during processing; at the same time，the minimum working pressure of the solenoid valve is reduced to 0．012～ 0．054 MPa，which reduces the working pressure of the solenoid valve and helps to further promote the development of low-pressure water-saving irrigation technology

In order to explore the impact of plastic film residue quantity on the soil environment and the growth trait of corn in the growth period，pot incubation test method is used for studying the impact of different quantity of plastic film residue on biomass of maize，soil moisture of corn and resistance index in the major growth period． In the test，five plastic film residue levels are set，including T0 ( 0) ，T1 ( 90 kg /hm2 ) ，T2 ( 180 kg /hm2 ) ，T3 ( 360 kg /hm2 ) and T4 ( 720 kg /hm2 ) ． The concept of root weight ratio is proposed for the first time and the Logistic growth model is used for analyzing the impact of different quantity of plastic film residue on the plant height of corn in different growth periods． The result indicates that the plastic film residue results in reduction of moisture infiltration speed． After harvest，the processed soil bulk capacity increases by 2．03% ～ 5．41% than the control group ( T0) ，the soil porosity declines by 2．36% ～ 6．76% than the control group． The quantity of plastic film residue appears negative correlation with the plant height of the corn，the plant height in T0 group is enhanced by 10．40% ～ 35．2% than T1，T2，T3 and T4，and the difference is significant ( P＜0．05) ．The dry weight of root system，root weight ratio，and dry weight of overground part in the early growth period of corn are affected by the quantity of plastic film significantly． The plastic film residue threatens the growth and development of corn． The larger the quantity of plastic film residue is，the higher the contents of proline and malondialdehyde in the blade． It can be found that the plastic film residue of farmland hinders the infiltration of soil moisture and reduces the soil water retaining capacity through increasing the soil bulk density and reducing the soil porosity，which further affects the growth and development of the corn．

In order to study the distribution of root system and water absorption capacity of winter wheat under different irrigation depths，five irrigation control factors are set up in this experiment，including ground irrigation，40%，60%，75% and 90% of the root distribution depth irrigation． The results show that: ① the root length of winter wheat shows an approximately exponential distribution extending from the surface to the ground; ② underground irrigation significantly increases the root of winter wheat under 100 cm soil depth． The root length density of winter wheat under 100 cm depth in each period is T5＞ T4＞ T3＞ T2＞ T1． ③ With the increase of irrigation depth，the total water absorption rate of winter wheat increases first and then decreases． The transpiration intensity ( water absorption rate) is the highest when the irrigation depth is 75% of the root depth distribution． ④ In the growth period of winter wheat，the potential root water uptake rate per unit root length ( Crp ) firstly increases and then decreases，and the maximum value appears in heading stage． ⑤ The water absorption rate per unit length of winter wheat in different periods changes as follows: there is small difference among the treatments during Ｒeviving and jointing stage and a large difference among the treatments in processing of heading stage，which is T2＞T1＞T3＞T4＞T5 in heading stage and T1＞T2＞T3＞T4＞T5 in milking stage． And under surface irrigation，the potential root water uptake rate per unit root length is the highest． 

In order to study the irrigation water change characteristics of greenhouse water supply system during wintering period，the irrigation water temperature change characteristics from water source to greenhouse inlet are analyzed based on the tracking test data of greenhouse group in Xinyi Town，Lishi District，Shanxi Province in wintering period． The results show that: ①In the process of gravity flow in the pipeline，the irrigation water releases heat and the temperature will reduce when the water temperature is greater than the soil temperature in the depth of pipe; on the other hand，the water absorbs heat from the surrounding soil and the water temperature will increase． In the process of gravity flow in the distribution pipe from the reservoir to the heating-up reservoir，irrigation water releases heat to the surrounding environment and the temperature will decrease． Throughout the wintering period，the irrigation water temperature is between 5．2 to 8．2 ℃ ; ②According to the temporal and spatial variation of greenhouse irrigation water temperature during wintering period，some measures are put forward，including the design，materials，construction and so on． The results can provide practical technical support for the management of greenhouse irrigation water temperature of the seasonal frozen soil during the wintering period． It also has certain scientific value for enriching irrigation theory and technology．

Drought is a worldwide problem, in order to save irrigation water and increase water use efficiency and increase yield, it is significant that researching the effect of water deficit on summer corn. Jinghuiqu Irrigation experimented continuously for 4 years of summer iron non sufficient irrigation in Shanxi from 2013 to 2016,the experiment setted 8 insufficient irrigation treatments, each treatment was repeated two times. The text results show that: the plant heights under the treatment of stubble pressing period + filling period were significantly lower than the other 8.4 percentages, while the heights under the treatment of stubble pressing + jointing reached the maximum,the plant heights under the treatments of the jointing period were significantly higher than the other 5 percentages,the stem diameters under the treatments of no irrigation in jointing stage were significantly lower than the other 5.1percentages,the yields under the treatments in tasseling period irrigation were significantly higher than the other 6.98 percentages and irrigation treatment of three times was the lowest water use efficiency. Conclusions show:under non full irrigation, the irrigation of summer corn stubble pressing and jointing with great influence on plant heights and seedling to jointing stage is decisive for summer corn to the stem diameters growth, while other irrigation on summer corn stem diameters are very small; the jointing and tasseling stage is the key factor; the growth period of summer corn water sensitive period of moderate irrigation is an effective way to improve water use efficiency,what 75% dry year（2013,2015and2016）optimal irrigation system is: stubble pressing period + jointing period+ tasseling period, irrigation during the whole growth period of 3 times, the irrigation quota of 3300 cubic meters per hectare.The results of the experiment are more reasonable than the local summer corn irrigation system, and save the irrigation amount. It is great significance to promote the insufficient irrigation system of Summer corn in Jinghui irrigation area, improving the utilization efficiency of water resources and alleviating the situation of water shortage.

In this study，the Ｒainbird LF1200 sprinkler was selected as the research object． The droplet diameter and velocity of standpipe vertical and perpendicular to the slope on different slopes were measured by Two-dimensional Video Disdrometer under no wind condition． The distribution differences of average droplet diameter and its frequency along spray direction under different layouts of standpipe was compared，respectively． The relationship between the average droplet diameter and velocity was discussed． The results show that: the increasing tendency of the average droplet diameter along spray direction under layout of standpipe perpendicular to the slope is more stable， and at the same measuring point，the difference of droplet diameter along spray direction on different slope is not obvious; when the standpipe is perpendicular to the slope，the increasing tendency of the velocity with the increase of droplet diameter is more similar，and the logarithmic correlation of the droplet diameter and velocity is better; the layout of standpipe perpendicular to the slope can reduce the water evaporation loss of the droplets near the sprinkler，and to some extent，the quality of sprinkler irrigation is also improved． The conclusions of this study can provide useful information for design of sprinkler irrigation system on sloping land.

According to the characteristics of well water with sand and water quality，the study is focused on the head loss and filtering effect of light medium filter in dealing water with different sand content． The results show that when the sand content of raw water is the same，the local head loss of filter is directly proportional to the square of filter flow，and the sand content of raw water has a weak positive correlation to the loss of local head of filter; when the filter is blocked，the head loss will rise rapidly with time，and the blocking period is negatively related to the sand content and flow rate of the original water; filtration flow rate and sand content of raw water are two important factors affecting filter sediment removal rate; sediment removal rate decreases obviously at the initial stage with the increase of flow rate，but tends to be stable gradually． However，with the increase of sand content in raw water，sediment removal rate decreases．

In order to explore the influence of regulated deficit irrigation with subsoiling on crop growth and yield，using winter wheat as the research object，the completely random experiment designed is used to research the different effects of regulated deficit irrigation and subsoiling on the growth indexes of winter wheat，including height and leaf area． The results show that plant height and dry matter mass on the ground increase along with the advance of growth period，while the leaf area increases firstly and then decreases; under the condition that lower limit of irrigation amount is 40% ～ 70% of field capacity，with the increase of subsoiling depth，many growth indexes，including the plant height，leaf area index，dry matter mass on the ground，spike length，stem diameter，spike grain number，mass of 1 000-grains，water consumption and yield，show a trend of increasing significantly，while the irrigation water use efficiency significantly decreases; in the subsoiling of 20～ 60 cm range，with the increase of lower limit of irrigation amount，the growth indexes，including the winter wheat plant height，leaf area index，dry matter mass on the ground，spike length，mass of 1000-grains，water consumption and yield，show a trend of increasing significantly，while the irrigation water use efficiency significantly decrease． Comprehensively considering from production，water use efficiency and the difficulty of pre-sowing subsoiling，the combination of lower limit irrigation amount of 60% of the filed capacity and 40 cm pre-sowing subsoiling can insignificantly reduce winter wheat yield，while improve irrigation water use efficiency to get the best physiological indexes of winter wheat． This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of deficit irrigation technology under subsoiling condition，the high yield，high efficiency and water saving of winter wheat，and the optimal allocation of water resources in Henan province．

The effects of different fertilizers on the growth，yield and quality of eggplant under the condition of trace irrigation were studied through comparing with conventional drip irrigation． The results show that when the same irrigation amount and fertilizer amount decreases by 20%，the yield is the highest; compared with conventional drip irrigation，the yield increases by 12． 25%; the Vc content increases by 23．08% and the content of the substance increases by 6．4%; compared with drip irrigation，the Vc content of eggplant treated with 60% reduction in fertilization amount increases by 35．22%; reducing the amount of fertilizer is conducive to improving the quality of fruits． It can be concluded that decreasing the conventional fertilization by 20%，namely，one time fertilizer of 180 kg per hectare，is the appropriate fertilization amount for sunlight greenhouse eggplant under this test conditions．

The reuse of rainfall to landscape can efficiently ease water shortage． It is of great significance to evaluate the water quality for the sustainable use of water． In this study，taking the artificial lake in Tianjin University as the research object，the water quality before and after the three rains was tested． The detection indexes mainly included pH，conductivity，turbidity，total phosphorus，total nitrogen，chemical oxygen demand，acute phototoxicity and SOS /umu genotoxicity． At the same time，in order to integrate the eight indicators into the water quality evaluation system，the traditional fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method( FCEM) was improved． The evaluation results are as follows: the artificial lake water quality scores before rain is 0． 174，0． 187，0． 181 respectively，and that after rain is 0． 148，0． 153，0． 156， respectively; the overall artificial lake water quality after rain is better than that before rain． It shows that the preliminary treated rainwater reuse to the artificial lake can optimize the water quality of the lake and achieve certain economic and ecological benefits．

Abstract: In order to improve the ecological construction of Linghekou wetland in Liaoning province.This study uses 3S technology, combines with wetland landscape fragmentation, and uses the calculation method of ecology to study Water Requirement of Eco-environment for the Linghekou wetland from 1995 to 2014. The results indicated that Water Requirement of Eco-environment for the Linghekou wetland from 1995 to 2014 are 3.59×108m3, 6.19×108m3, 5.94×108m3, 8.02×108m3 and 8.46×108m3. The landscape fragmentation of wetland is parabola, and the worst year for landscape fragmentation in this study period is 2005. Calculating the optimum, the average annual rainfall, the rainfall frequency is 75% and 95% corresponds to the minimum Water Requirement of Eco-environment. The results are 7.10×108m3, 3.87×108m3, 4.11×108m3 and 4.36×108m3. And giving the ecological environment monthly water requirement process.

In order to provide an objective，accurate and effective reference method for groundwater quality evaluation in Guangzhou，the comprehensive quality of shallow groundwater in Guanghua basin is evaluated by using the grey correlation method based on the monitoring data of 18 indicators of 80 sampling points in rainy and dry seasons in 2016． On the basis of this，the results are compared with the evaluation results of the comprehensive factor method according to the actual situation of the groundwater in Guanghua basin． The results show that the shallow groundwater quality in Guanghua basin is good both in rainy and dry seasons，but better in the dry season; no matter in rainy or dry seasons，the groundwater quality in Huadu district is better than that in Baiyun district; groundwater quality in dry season is better than that in rainy season in Huadu district; on the contrary，groundwater quality in rainy season is better than that in dry season in Baiyun district． The evaluation results of the grey correlation method and the comprehensive factor method are different，and even some conclusions are the opposite． In comparison，the evaluation results of grey relational analysis are more consistent． 

The evaluation of water environment quality can provide scientific decision-making basis for water environment management and planning. Considering the fuzziness and randomness of the water environment system, a cloud model-based evaluation method was established. Based on the water environment monitoring data of Zhengzhou section of the Jialu River in 2017, COD, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus were selected as evaluation indexes, Method to determine the weight, the use of positive and negative cloud algorithm to get single-index cloud model, and through a comprehensive degree of comprehensive evaluation of water environmental quality. The results show that the cloud model can well achieve the conversion between the test value and the evaluation grade. The water quality of the area is worse than Grade V in January-February 2017, the water quality obviously increases from March to November, and the quality of water environment improves month by month Trend, and the evaluation results and the actual situation.

Plain concrete lining damage has been a problem plaguing the healthy development of the port and hydraulic structures, because there is a big gap between the concrete lining section thickness is large, the cost is higher and its rigidity and behind the lining, failure often occurs in the external loads, which seriously threaten the safe operation of the seawall project. This study from the failure mechanism of seawall lining, according to the failure position and failure phenomenon and puts forward a kind of new material (polypropylene fiber concrete) seawall lining form, and using ADINA finite element software of concrete lining and polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete lining of seawall is simulated and analyzed, the results show that the polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete lining with concrete lining of seawall compared to the strain is basically the same, but its toughness and shear properties of ultra - high.

In view of the problems of heavy structure and material redundancy in truss structure of central sprinkler system and the lack of theoretical basis in truss structure design，the truss structure of a light and small mobile sprinkler is designed and its performance is analyzed by using finite element software ANSYS． The truss structure is discussed under the three conditions of self-weight，self-weight with water weight，self-weight with water weight and wind load，and its strength，stiffness and stability are checked． By selecting the cross-sectional dimensions of each rod as design variables，the maximum stress and maximum displacement of each rod as the constraints，the size of the truss structure is optimized by using the zero order algorithm of ANSYS to reduce the structural quality under the premise of ensuring the stability and reliability of the truss structure． The results show that the main factor affecting the stability of the sprinkler truss structure is the wind load; under the premise of ensuring the structural performance，the material of the sprinkler truss structure changes greatly after optimization and the truss size optimization effect is obvious． This study provides reasonable suggestions for the standardization of light and small irrigation machine．

In view of the current practical problems of the field terminal control valve operation of water-saving irrigation automation system， the advantages and disadvantages of different control valve are analyzed，the development of a new Internet electric valve based on PE is conducted． The newly developed Internet electric valve terminal can realize the normal operation and maintenance for different irrigation water quality treatment level． Even the ordinary irrigation control workers can eliminate the faults in time． The restriction factors of the development of automatic water saving irrigation technology in Xinjiang are solved to some extent．

With the key part of fertigation system，mixed fertilizer blender，as the research object，based on reverse engineering，the agitator blades are reconstituted and analyzed． The results indicate that more than 90% domain of the all working surfaces can achieve ±0．1 mm above precision． The agitator flow field and an unstructured tetrahedron grid are built through ICEM software． Applying the multiple reference frame， the Eulerian model and the ＲNG k－ε turbulence model，the CFD simulation of the agitator performance under different speeds and distances from the bottom is conducted，and then the mixing effects are discussed． The established model and the simulation results can help the application，design and optimization of the fertilizer mixing agitator

In order to enrich the modes of the irrigation machine and enhance the adaptability, a new light small-moving type of machine with dual purpose of sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation has been designed. The power of the machine and the pressure water are provided by a sprinkler-drip car and the machine has sprinkling irrigation and drip irrigation system. It adopts the fast disassembling and connection structure, which makes the changes of irrigation mode available in accordance with the growth status of different crops or various terrains and can realize 4 operating modes. The selection of the key components, such as the dual-operation irrigation pump, sprinkler and drip irrigation tube, has been analyzed and an example is given to verify the practicability of the method. The machine has compact structure, convenient movement and strong adaptability and concludes that the irrigation mode has a great potential for applications.

The starting point of the land Silk Ｒoad in China is the northwest region，and the main factor affecting the economic development in this area is the shortage of water resources． Therefore，it is necessary to study the relationship between water resources utilization and economic factors and economic development in the region． This article selects the data of population，water resources utilization，new fixed assets and GDP from 2004－2015，and uses the method of Gini coefficient，unbalanced index method，Theil index and weighted variation coefficient method to calculate and analyze the matching relation of water resource utilization with population，water resources，new fixed assets，and GDP． The results show that: the matching degree of water resource utilization with population and water resource endowment in Northwest China is relatively mismatched in the past twelve years，but the values are stable; the matching degree with GDP and new fixed assets is also relatively mismatched，and there is a trend of deterioration． From the province level in the Northwest of China，Xinjiang and Shaanxi perform badly in general in terms of the matching of water resource utilization with factors and economic development，Gansu performs moderately，while Ningxia and Qinghai perform relatively well．

Aim at the problem of inversion estimation of leaf area index (LAI) require multi-temporal Normalized difference vegetation index(index (NDVI), in this paper, the traditional Logistic model was improvedwas developed to simulate the daily process of vegetation LAI, which Free Search (FS) was used to determinecalibrated by Free Search (FS) algorithmthe model parameters, and a Logistic model was developed to simulate the daily change process of vegetation LAI. Firstly, The the monthly LAI of six land cover types of Hulan River basin was estimated by the use of monthly NOAA-AVHRR NDVI data and simple biosphere model(model (SiB2). Secondly, dDrawing on the advantages idea of crop dry matter simulated by the traditional Logistic model in simulating crop dry matter, taking the location vector of an animal from FS as a set of parameter values, a developed Logistic model was presented which parameters was calibrated using FS animal population migration behaviorusing mean square error (MSE) as the simulation criterion, taking the location vector that is walked by exploring of FS Single animal as a set of parameter values, Logistic model optimal parameters was estimated by using FS animal population migration behavior. Based on the tha so as to study the model simulation result about LAI of deferent t, the Monthly LAI of 6 vegetation types simulated by different parameters was studied. The results of the application in Hulan River basin show that the the developed Logistic model calibrated by FS has achieved a good resultBes t results was obtained by 5 parameters leaf area index Logistic model based on FS recognition. The paper which provides a new method for simulation of daily process of LAI. Land cover type LAI.

In order to determine the transpiration characteristics of Tamarix Ｒamosissima Ledeb under no-irrigation condition in an arid environment，the Flow 32 heat balance gauge was used to monitor the sap flow of T． ramosissima Ledeb branches during growing season of 2013 and 2014 in the transition zone between the Loess Plateau and the Tengger Desert． The plant biological parameters were also measured ( e．g． leaf dry weight，crown perimeter，plant height，and so on) ． The results show that: ① the stem sap flow is extremely proportional to its leaf dry height，and the relationship reaches a high significant level ( P＜0．001) with large determination coefficients ( Ｒ2 = 0．965) ． The sap flow difference of different stems can be eliminated well after standardized treatment by leaf dry weight． ② Total leaf dry weight of individual shrub can be well measured through the crown perimeter and the plant height with a higher prediction accuracy of 89．43%． The precision of the model can be improved when considering the crown volume． ③ The average differences between measuring value and simulation value of the model is about 11．657%，suggesting that the scaling procedure can be used to provide reliable estimate of transpiration of the shrub T． ramosissima Ledeb． Moreover． Based on the estimating model，the mean water consumption of T． ramosissima Ledeb is about 124． 2 mm during a growing season．

Agricultural water-saving irrigation services are an important part of agricultural productive services and the key to realizing rural rejuvenation and agricultural modernization. The price of agricultural water-saving irrigation services is a concrete manifestation of the relationship between supply and demand, and the formulation of prices has a significant impact on the acceptance of water-saving irrigation services by farmers. Based on the actual situation of agricultural water-saving irrigation service pricing and pricing theory, this paper constructs the theoretical model of agricultural water-saving irrigation service pricing and sets the upper and lower limits of service price respectively. On the basis of theoretical research, we select the typical case of Manasi water-saving irrigation service pricing to verify the pricing model. The results show that the agricultural water-saving irrigation service pricing model has rationality and operability. In order to ensure the scientificity of pricing, we should also consider the influence of regional environment, government policies and the interests of all parties on pricing.

A model based on SMI-P method is established to evaluate quantitatively the human-water harmony in Guangxi province． The water system and humanistic system are analyzed，aiming at quantifying human water harmony degree． The evaluation index system consists of 23 indexes related to control elements with health degree，development degree and coordination degree． The AHP-fuzzy variable weight method is used to determine the weight of the indexes． The results show that the overall trend of water and harmony in Guangxi was improving during 2010 to 2015，indicating that the Guangxi has made a great effort on economic development，relations coordination between water system health and development and got outstanding achievements in the“twelve-five”period． The better harmony between human-water development momentum can provide confidence and decision-making reference for the“Thirteen -five”and“river chief mechanism”in the future．