In order to find out the effects of ditch on the high ridge with irrigation under film mulch on tomato, taking greenhouse tomato as research object, a completely randomized trial design was used, the comparison of ditch on the high ridge with irrigation under film mulch with conventional furrow irrigation and regulated deficit irrigation at various growth stages, the effects of different furrow irrigation on the growth, yield and water use efficiency of greenhouse tomato were studied. The results show: Ditch on the high ridge with irrigation under film mulch is more effective than traditional furrow irrigation, each kilogram of tomato produced 0.00588m3 of water and the water use efficiency reached 321.70 kg?hm-2?mm-1, which was significantly higher than that of furrow irrigation by 18.93%; Under the ditch on the high ridge with irrigation under film mulch, the irrigation water use efficiency reaches the peak value at the seedling stage of water deficit irrigation, and the water use efficiency of irrigation increased significantly by 26.69%, the effective period of tomato water-saving irrigation is seedling stage; Comprehensive analysis found, the best irrigation system for this experiment is: Ditch on the high ridge with irrigation under film mulch + seedling stage, and under the ditch on the high ridge with irrigation under film mulch on tomato Seedling irrigation 1 times + blossom fruit set 4 times + late results 5 times, each irrigation quota of 40mm.

The soil water infiltration law of ridge with mini-ditch drip irrigation is discussed in this paper． The two factors，drop head flow and mini-ditch slope，and three levels are selected to conduct study． The results show that the change of flow drops head has large influence on the vertical wetting front transport distance and soil moisture content; the change of mini-ditch slope has a great influence on horizontal wetting front migration distance and soil moisture content． Under the condition of same irrigation water and micro trench slope，the horizontal and vertical infiltration distance of wetting front decreases with the increase of the drop head flow，in addition，the contour distribution compact district of the soil moisture content moves to the surface with the increase of drop head flow; under the same irrigation water and drop head flow conditions，the horizontal and vertical infiltration distance of wetting front decreases with the increase of the mini-ditch slope，in addition，the contour distribution compact district of the soil moisture content moves to the emitter with the increase of the mini-ditch slope． The results of this study can provide a reference for selecting the appropriate mini-ditch slope and drop head flow for different crops．

In order to study the effects of different irrigation methods on tomato growth，soil water and salt conditions，water consumption， yield and water use efficiency in the greenhouse of saline-alkali soil，tomato was used as material，a field experiment was carried out． The results indicate that the soil conductivity of the soil surface in 0～ 30 cm is effected by the drip irrigation under film and the furrow irrigation; except for the 20～ 30 cm soil layer of drip irrigation under film，the soil conductivity in all the others were lower than the initial value; compared with furrow irrigation，drip irrigation under film can improve the plant height and the leaf number of tomato，and can promote tomato growth; the water consumption is decreased by 56．2%; compared with furrow irrigation，drip irrigation under film can save water by 64．2% and increase yield by 5．5 t /hm2 ，and the water use efficiency of drip irrigation under film reaches 2．8 times． In a conclusion，the drip irrigation under film can increase tomato yield and reduce water consumption significantly，improve the water use efficiency，and will not cause a lot of soil salt accumulation． So it can be used in saline-alkali soil．

The impacts of different irrigation modes on rice field micro-climate were studied from July to August in 2017． Three irrigation modes were conducted in this field experiment，which were named as control treatment ( CK) ，5 cm irrigation ( A1) and 10 cm irrigation ( A2) ，respectively． The results showed that compared with the CK，irrigation decreased the air temperature，but improved the relative humidity among paddy field，while air temperature and relative humidity showed the opposite diurnal variation． The temperature of the soil in A1 and A2 treatments were lower than that in CK treatment． With the increase of soil depth，the cooling effect became smaller and the daily variation amplitude decreased gradually． After the irrigation，the air temperature，humidity and soil temperature daily change significantly reduced． The R2 of the estimated and measured ground temperature changes were about 0．9 in different irrigation modes，the difference was small and the effect was good． The net photosynthetic rate，stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of paddy leaves increased with the increase of irrigation depth． The net photosynthetic rate of A1 and A2 treatments were 3．68 and 4．32 μmol /( cm2 ·s) higher than CK， respectively． A1 and A2 treatment and CK all reached significant differences．

The effects of pressure，flow rate and diameter size on drip irrigation uniformity were studied under 8 different pressures with three different tube diameters of PE tubes and three different flow drops． The results show that the influence of the size of pipe diameter on the uniformity of drip irrigation is not significant when considering a single factor; the drop irrigation uniformity values of the 2．0 L/H treatment and 4．0 L/H treatment are significantly higher than that of the 1．2 L/H treatment; when considering two factors，the combinations of A3+B3， A3+C6，and B3+C5 can obtain the highest uniformity in the combinations of A+B，A+C，and B+C，respectively． When considering three factors，the combination of A1+B3+C6 is the optimal one． Therefore，in practice，choosing the above combination according to different factors can obtain the optimal uniformity．

In order to explore the laws of the effect of different film mulching and supplementary irrigation on chlorophyll，plant height，and leaf area of winter wheat，the different combinations of film mulching ( bio-photodegradable B，plastic film P) and supplemental irrigation amount( W0，W1，W2，W3) at jointing stage are set up，and the effects of different combinations on the chlorophyll，plant height and specific leaf area of winter wheat at different growth stages are compared and analyzed． The results show that the mulching and supplemental irrigation are beneficial to increase the chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content in all growth stages，but the effect will be reduced for over-irrigation，and the B coverage effect is better than the P coverage; the content of chlorophyll a in the jointing stage of B covered leaves increases with the increase of supplementary irrigation amount，but the chlorophyll b does not change much; at the heading stage and the filling stage，the chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b first increase and then decrease with the increase of supplementary irrigation amount; The content of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b under P covered increase at first and then decrease with the increase of supplemental irrigation amount at each growth stage，and reach the maximum at W2; The B covered and supplemental irrigation are beneficial to increase the chlorophyll a /b value at jointing stage and reduce the chlorophyll a /b value at heading stage and grain filling stage; Under the two kinds of film coverage， supplemental irrigation is beneficial to increase the plant height of winter wheat，and the effect will be weakened for over irrigation; The specific leaf area of each treatment gradually decreases as the growing period progressed，and the W2 and W3 decrease greatly; Supplementary irrigation can promote the leaf stretching and the dry matter accumulation of winter wheat; The effect of P coverage at jointing stage is better than that of B coverage，and the advantage of B coverage appears at heading stage and grain filling stage． From comprehensive analysis，the combination of B coverage and supplemental irrigation amount W2 ( 60 mm) is the optimal combination．

The anti-clogging performance of the drip irrigation emitter is an important index to measure the quality of the drip irrigation system，which is directly related to its flow field characteristics． The influence of the slanting angle of the side wall on its flow field was studied by the method of computational fluid dynamics ( CFD) ． Through the discrete phase model，the effect of the curvature of the top and bottom surfaces of the channel on its anti-clogging performance was also studied by the solid-liquid coupling method． The flow rates under different pressures and the transient flow field of the transparent device with the shape characteristics of the drip irrigation emitter channel were gained through the hydraulic performance and visualization experiment respectively． The result shows that the numerical simulation values are highly consistent with the test results，the error of the maximum velocity in the flow field is only about 5．2% to 10%，and the difference of the hydraulic performance curves obtained by experiment and simulation is only 2% to 5%． The study indicates that the flow rate increases with the increase of the slanting angle of the side wall，and the flow index of the drip irrigation emitter can be effectively decreased when the side wall of channel has a 2° ～ 4°slanting angle． The drip irrigation emitter which possesses flat top and bottom surfaces has a better anti-clogging performance，comparing to the one with curved top and bottom surfaces． Because the particles in the flat type drip irrigation emitter are not easily involved into the vortexes in the channel，they can leave faster than those in the curved one．

The rice water consumption and irrigation water requirements from 1951 to 2015 under water-saving irrigation and flood irrigation were investigated using calculation method of paddy water balance and Mann-Kendall analysis based on historical meteorological data. The results indicated that the sunshine duration and rainfall present significant decreasing trends during past six decades， however， the air temperature presents significant increasing trends. The rice evapotranspiration and percolation under water-saving irrigation and flood irrigation present significant decreasing trends， but the rice water consumptions were significant decreased under water-saving irrigation, the water consumption of rice under water saving irrigation decreased by 21.5% comping to that under traditional irrigation. The paddy irrigation requirements present little increasing trends with the decreases of rice water consumption and irrigation precipitation. The irrigation requirements under water-saving irrigation increasing slower than those under floods irrigation, the irrigation water demand and precipitation utilization under water saving irrigation improved by 57% and 11%, respectively, comping to that under traditional irrigation.. Thus， the adverse effects on rice production caused by climate change can be effectively eliminated by using water-saving irrigation technology.

As an important part of the Liaohe River Delta，Panjin Wetland is an important water bird habitat in China． However，with the intensification of human activities，the area of natural wetlands has continued to shrink，and the ecological function has been declining． This has seriously threatened the safety of waterfowl habitat． This paper used GIS technology and AHP to determine the weight of factors such as water source conditions ( pond and river density) ，disturbance conditions ( resident and road density) ，shelter ( landscape type) and food richness ( NDVI) ，etc．，to carry out Panjin wetland waterfowl Habitat adaptability evaluation，obtained the suitability results of waterfowl habitat，and analyzed its spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and driving factors． The results show that: ① The best area for waterfowl habitat in Panjin wetland is 7．37×104 hm2 ，the area with good suitability is 17．92×104 hm2 ，the area with suitable generality is 8．43×104 hm2 ，and the area with poor suitability is 5．49× 104 hm2 ． ②There are many habitats suitable for waterfowl in Panjin wetland， mainly distributed in areas such as reeds and rivers with less human interference and adequate food and water resources． ③The research results can provide data support and scientific basis for the protection and restoration of Panjin wetland．

An integrated process of air flotation，modified attapulgite ( M-ATP) and micro-filtration membrane was adopted to treat micropolluted surface water with high organic matter and nutrients concentration． The removal efficiency of turbidity，color，CODMn and NH+ 4 －N were explored． The results showed that this integrated process was effective in removing sensory pollutants，organic matter and nutrients in surface water，and the removal rates of turbidity，color，CODMn，and NH+ 4 －N were 93．2%，80．2%，73．5% and 57．7%，respectively; the removal of turbidity was due to flotation，M-ATP and micro-filtration membrane; the removal of color was due to flotation and micro-filtration membrane; the removal of CODMn and NH+ 4 －N was due to flotation and M-ATP; in addition，this integrated process showed good performance in membrane fouling control during the three months operating cycle，the changes of vacuum gauge readings were small，the transmembrane pressure ( TMP) value was 2．1 kPa at the beginning of this experiment and only 4．7 kPa in the end．

The traditional comprehensive water quality identification index method is mainly used in the study of surface water and the weight calculation is used as the equal weight method. The study aims to improve the shortcomings of the method and the limitations of its use, in which the AHP-Factor Analysis Method of comprehensive identification index was used to evaluate and analyze the groundwater quality in the Zhaochuan Basin. And the traditional water quality assessment method, Nemero index methodand gray clustering method were used to compare the applicability of the improved comprehensive water quality identification index method. The results how that the quality of groundwater in study area are mainlyⅡand Ⅲ,and the main pollution indicators are F-、NO3-、TH、Feand SO42-, which are mainly caused by the combined effects of natural factors and human factors; The evaluation result of comprehensive water quality identification index method is consistent with the actual situation and has great applicability in the evaluation of groundwater quality.

The concept, evaluation method and evolution process of sustainable exploitation, allowable exploitation and safe exploitation of groundwater are reviewed and discussed. On this basis, the connotation of groundwater safety mining in the strong open boundary irrigation area is defined under the constraints of technical support, resources and social and economic benefits, and the characteristics of the irrigation area are put forward. In order to realize the sustainable utilization of water resources based on the "total amount + water level" double control safety guarantee mode, a scientific basis and technical support are provided for the study of the groundwater safety guarantee model in the irrigation area.

Aiming at many problems of the clean small watershed management project in water source protection area，such as many engineering factors，complex influencing factors，changeable evaluation targets，large index correlation degree and low evaluation efficiency and so on，the design of an intelligent decision system based on extension evaluation model has been completed．Firstly，the overall design of the system is designed，including the overall frame design，modeling，model solving method，component design，database design，etc． Secondly，an evaluation system with 19 indexes is established，atter element design in extension evaluation model is used，the correlation degree based on extension moments is calculated，by the degree of association function method the weight of the algorithm is determined; Lastly，All of these，combined with large data technology，data mining technology，Internet and networking technology，artificial intelligence technology，a visual extension evaluation model component is formed，furtherly，we developed the embedded intelligent decision system， solved the problems of governance evaluation of clean small watershed in water source protection area．Through the practice of three clean small watershed management projects in Zhejiang Province，it is proved that the model and system are stable and effective，and can be applied in the clean small watershed management of water source protection area．

From the point of the improvement of mechanical properties and aging resistance of low density polyethylene ( LDPE) materials， the effects of graphene on the tensile properties of a LDPE，including tensile strength，elongation at break，natural rebound resilience，and the tensile properties after xenon lamp accelerated aging were studied． The results show that addition of graphene can significantly improve the tensile properties and aging resistance of the LDPE; And with the addition of grapheme，the degree of improvement first increases and then decreases; When graphene addition is 0．02wt%，the LDPE shows the optimal improved tensile properties; compared to the pure LDPE，after the accelerated ageing，the LDPE with a graphene addition of 0．02wt% shows a lower decrement in tensile strength，elongation at break and natural rebound resilience; Moreover，the tensile properties of LDPE with graphene addition 0．02wt% after the accelerated ageing are higher than those of the as-received pure LDPE．

The SIIC－F/P－P /5－5．0 pressure flow sensor can measure the pressure and flow in the pipe at the same time，which is an ideal sensor for water saving agriculture． In order to test the stability and repeatability of the measurement data by this sensor，seven identical sensors were selected for calibration test，the single-factor variance analysis was performed on the measured pressure and flow data of each sensor under different flow rates． The results showed that: under the condition of 5% significance level，ignoring the effect of accidental errors during the test，there was no significant difference between the sensors． After calibration，the input and output data of the sensor showed a good linear relationship． So the sensor is suitable for low pressure and small flow drip irrigation．

In order to explore the applicability of cloud intelligent soil moisture monitor in monitoring soil moisture in Yunnan Province, The application of intelligent soil moisture monitoring technology was popularized in Yunnan water quota and effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water. Water demand Test area for crops in Yuanmou, Yunnan Province, The soil moisture was measured by drying method in the experimental plot and compared with the soil moisture data of cloud intelligent soil moisture monitor, and the main functions of cloud intelligent soil moisture monitor were summarized and analyzed. The results show that the cloud intelligent soil moisture monitor was suitable for monitoring soil moisture in Yunnan Province, The absolute error is less than ±3.5%.Cloud Intelligent soil moisture Monitor can be used to monitor continuous variation of soil moisture in real time, automatically calculate the actual water consumption (Et) and the reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0), which can dynamically reflect the effective water storage and water storage potential in the soil, identification of virtual root depth of current crops and stratification calculation of water consumption and water consumption ratio by layer by day, and accurate calculation of effective Utilization coefficient of Irrigation water. The results can provide some reference value for intelligent accurate irrigation.

In China, the research of Venturi injector applies 3D modeling software to construct the solid model and fluid model for each structure. In order to reduce the time spent on the pre-modeling work, improve the design efficiency and quickly step into the later simulation analysis and solid manufacturing, a fast modeling method are needed. Therefore, the key geometric parameters of Venturi injector are sought and the secondary development function of the Solidworks modeling software is used. The parametric design on structure of Venturi injector can be implemented through the link between its API interface function and the Visual C++ interactive programming language. The parametric modeling platform constructing a solid model and the corresponding internal fluid model at one time is developed for two typical structures of Venturi injector, which provides rapid structural design for of performance analysis of fluid and experimental testing of solid.

The rotating sprinkler is widely used in the irrigation of garden green fields． But the circular spray field of the i MPact sprinkler does not match the irregular boundary area of green field very well． In order to solve this problem，a new sprinkler based on 15PY2 rotating sprinkler is designed． The new sprinkler is equipped with a pressure reducing valve before 15PY2 rotating sprinkler． The pressure reducing valve walks along a flexible cam and the water pressure changes with the flexible cam profile，which control the rotating sprinkle to change its radius of throw． Adjustable radius of throw enables the new sprinkler to spray any irregular boundary area，which is one-to-one correspondence with a cam． The hydraulic model of the variable-rate irrigation sprinkler is build based on the equation of radius of sprinkler， working equation of variable-rate irrigation sprinkler and flow equation of pressure reducing valve． A test scheme is provided to verify the hydraulic model． The results show that the test date is consistent with the theoretic analysis of the hydraulic model． The design of variable-rate irrigation sprinkler base on flexible cam is feasible and effective．

The public-private partnership ( PPP) model has improved the operational efficiency of farmland water conservancy in China from the institutional level． This article takes the farmland water conservancy PPP project as the research object，first defines the farmland water conservancy PPP project and analyzes the operation thought of the farmland water conservancy PPP project and the game relation between different investment subjects． On this basis，the theory of evolutionary game is introduced into the game of interest between government and enterprise． The cooperation strategy between government and enterprise is analyzed and studied． Supposing that the government＇s strategy set is subsidy and no subsidy，the enterprises＇ strategy set is working hard and not working hard，the dynamics and balance of government subsidy behavior and corporate hard work behavior are studied，the evolutionary stability impact factors in the system evolution process are analyzed，and the Matlab software is used to simulate the research results． The study results show that increasing the amount of governmentto-business incentives，and improving the company ＇s external benefits and the government ＇s penalties for businesses，are helpful for improving the quality of farmland water conservancy construction and operational efficiency．

Electricity － water conversion is an economical and effective method for measuring agricultural water． Building a reasonable transformation model of electricity－water and proposing an appropriate optimization method for model parameters is important for improving the accuracy of measurement． In this study，the traditional electricity － water conversion model is optimized and improved． An improved particle swarm optimization algorithm based on self-adaptive adjustment of inertia weight and variable neighborhood chaotic search is proposed． At last，LSM，PSO and IPSO are used to optimize the model parameters． The results show that the IPSO has higher optimization precision and better convergence speed; the fitting characteristic curve can reflect the relationship between the power consumption and the water supply more truly． This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of agricultural water metering equipment．

In this study，based on a summary of existing research and evaluation methods，the comprehensive benefit evaluation index system of water-saving irrigation is established． The subjective weight of the indicators is determined by the relative entropy aggregation model of group decision making，improved entropy method is used to determine the objective weight of indicators． Then the two weights are combined to finally obtain the weight of the evaluation index． Through improving the TOPSIS method and the grey correlation decision method and introducing a new relative closeness measure that considers the preferences of decision makers，the two are organically combined． In the end， an improved TOPSIS-gray association decision model based on combined weighting is constructed and applied to practical problems of watersaving irrigation benefit evaluation in a certain area． The final result is basically consistent with the actual result． The feasibility and validity of the model and method are verified．

Rice is the most water-consumptive crop． So developing rice water-saving control irrigation technology ( WSCRT) is an important strategy for improving water utilization efficiency and promoting agriculture sustainable development． This paper puts and tests hypotheses about the impact of social capital on adoption of WSCRT based on social capital theory． The study result indicates that: the current adoption rate of WSCRT is only 30%; social capital is an important factor determining WSCRT adoption; for structure social capital，the relatively “larger”surname and the larger-scale expending have significant positive impacts on the adoption of WSCRT; for cognitive social capital，the mutual helping and cooperation and trusting other villagers more can significantly promote the adoption of WSCRT． So it is necessary to reinforce the rice WSCRT technology extension and enhance social capital to promote the adoption of rice WSCRT．

In order to solve the low irrigation uniformity and irrigation utilization efficiency of horizontal border irrigation and reduce land leveling work under the condition of long close-end border and high water permeability，the horizontal border irrigation theory was proposed， and the corresponding mathematic model was established in this paper． Then the calculated results and field test results were compared with the existing horizontal border irrigation theory． The results show that this model has the merits of wide application and is beneficial for watersaving，labor-saving and increasing irrigating quality．