The study on characteristics of transpiration and water consumption of plants and their influencing factors is of great significance for the selection of tree species for afforestation in arid and semiarid regions． In this study，the water consumption of 13 species of shrubs in mountain area of northern China is studied by pot seedlings weighing method． The results show that the diurnal variation of transpiration rate is single peak or bimodal peak，and the peak appears at 9 ∶ 00－ 11 ∶ 00 or 13 ∶ 00－ 15 ∶ 00; the transpiration rate of plants is mainly affected by solar radiation intensity and stomatal conductance; the water use efficiency is higher at 7 ∶ 00 and 17 ∶ 00，and the order of average daily WUE from large to small is Indigofera kirilowii ( 7．20 μmolCO2 /mmolH2O) ，Amorpha fruticosa ( 4．95 μmolCO2 /mmolH2O) ， Myripnois dioica ( 4． 40 μmolCO2 /mmolH2O) ，Rungia Chinensis ( 4． 10 μmolCO2 /mmolH2O) ，Spiraea trichocarpa ( 3． 95 μmolCO2 / mmolH2O) ，Syzygium aromaticum ( 3．92 μmolCO2 /mmolH2O) ，Cotinus coggygria ( 3．85 μmolCO2 /mmolH2O) ，Lespedeza bicolor ( 3．70 μmolCO2 /mmolH2O) ，Rhamnua davurica ( 3． 64 μmolCO2 /mmolH2O) ，Vitex negundo Var． heterophylla ( 3． 32 μmolCO2 /mmolH2O) ， Corylus heterophylla ( 3．31 μmolCO2 /mmolH2O) ，Andrachne chinensis ( 3．09 μmolCO2 /mmolH2O) ，Deutzia scabra ( 2．63 μmolCO2 /mmol H2O) ; Deutzia scabra，Vitex negundo Var．heterophylla，Rungia Chinensis，Andrachne chinensis，Rhamnua davurica，Cotinus coggygria are high water－consuming plants; Corylus heterophylla is a moderate water－consuming plant; Myripnois dioica，Spiraea trichocarpa，Lespedeza bicolor，Amorpha fruticosa，Syzygium aromaticum，Indigofera kirilowii are low water consumption plants．

Spatial interpolation is an important method to study the spatial distribution characteristics of spatial factors, which can realize the visual display of spatial factors. Different spatial factors are affected differently, which leads to differences in the reliability and applicability of spatial interpolation methods. In order to determine the best method for dynamic real-time simulation of indoor humidity field, this paper takes the monthly data collected from 54 temperature and humidity sensors in Inter laboratory as the study case. A comprehensively analyzes six spatial interpolation methods,which are inverse distance weight interpolation, radial basis function interpolation, ordinary kriging interpolation, cooperative ordinary kriging interpolation, spatio-temporal ordinary kriging interpolation and spatio-temporal and coordinative ordinary Kriging interpolation, and uses cross-validation methods to compare the interpolation results. The results show that the spatio-temporal and collaborative kriging interpolation method is superior to the other interpolation methods in terms of simulation accuracy, credibility and reaction extremum.

The characteristics of eggplant evapotranspiration at vegetative growth stage were identified in real time to visualize evapotranspiration of eggplant, providing technical support for yield formation and on-demand irrigation. In this study, the effective accumulated temperature of eggplant growing in early spring was determined on the basis of 2017-2018 consecutive two years' experimental data. On this basis, the Logistic equation was modified and the dynamic simulation model of the leaf area index of eggplant was derived. The Kc value was simulated in real time combining the relationship between the leaf area index and the crop coefficient Kc. The daily evapotranspiration of eggplant was calculated based on the reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) calculated by the modified Penman-Monteith equation and the Kc value. Java programming language is used to realize the basic functions of the system, and the WeChat programming technology is used to build a broken line diagram of the front end customer interface and evapotranspiration. The results showed that the effective accumulated temperature of Eggplant in vegetative growth stage was relatively stable, and the effective accumulated temperature was 329.01℃?d. The average relative error of the measured value of the modified leaf area index model and the simulated value is RE 10.63%, which indicates that the accuracy of the leaf area index of eggplant is highly accurate by the relative accumulated temperature. The simulated and measured values of evapotranspiration RE was 18.50% and RMSE was 0.50 mm , indicating that the system can accurately simulate evapotranspiration. Therefore, an effective accumulated temperature based evapotranspiration simulation system can be used to realize the on-demand irrigation of the plant and to guide the determination of the irrigation system by visual means, which is of important reference value for the agricultural application of information technology.

Hydraulic driven proportional fertilization pump has the advantages of stable operation and accurate fertilization，and is widely used in micro－irrigation system． In irrigation systems，in order to meet the design requirements of irrigation uniformity，the inlet pressure of drip line should not be less than the design pressure． In this paper，on the basis of the stable inlet pressure of drip line，combined with field under－film drip irrigation system，a performance test of a hydraulic drive ratio fertilizing pump is conducted to analyze the influence of the fertilization pump inlet flow，fertilizer absorption proportion and the inlet pressure of drip line on the fertilizer absorption amount and the fertilizer solution concentration in pipe． The results show that the inlet flow of the fertilizer pump increases with the increase of the inlet pressure of drip irrigation pipe，and the fertilizer suction proportion has no effect on the inlet flow; when the fertilizer suction rate is set at 2% － 4%，the actual fertilization time is increased almost a quarter than the setting time，the clogging is easy to happen under larger fertilizer suction proportion and inlet pressure of drip line，the overall stability of insert patch type drip irrigation pipe is better than that of wing labyrinth drip pipe; under field operation condition and the combination of larger inlet pressure of drip irrigation pipe and fertilizer suction rate，the fertilization accuracy is not high and not suitable to use．

In order to study the accumulation and distribution of dry matter and plant nitrogen uptake under different water and nitrogen conditions，as well as the leaf area growth and leaf color value variation of sunflower，the leaf area index and chlorophyll CCI of sunflower under different water and nitrogen treatments were analyzed． The dry matter accumulation amount and nitrogen uptake of each organ and the correlation of the relative content of chlorophyll with nitrogen uptake in leaves during flowering period were also analyzed． The results show that the leaf area index of sunflower show a unimodal pattern with the progress of the growth process; the dry matter accumulation of organs in the aboveground part of the sunflower show an“S”pattern with plant growth，roughly can be divided into three periods，including the early exponential growth period，the middle straight growth period and the later stagnation period． The nitrogen accumulation amounts in the aboveground part of the sunflower are basically similar; with the growth of the growing period，it can roughly divided into three periods， namely fast in early period，slow in the middle period，fast in the late period，showing the “S”curve． The changes of CCI values of chlorophyll in all treatments during the whole growth period of sunflower are peak－type，namely increasing first and then decreasing with time; the positive correlation between sunflower relative chlorophyll CCI and leaf nitrogen uptake is significant，and the regression equation is y = 0．020 x+0．569，R2 = 0．711．

In order to study the effects of ridge drip irrigation on Ningxia saline soil and forage sorghum, three drip irrigation quotas were set under ridge and non-ridged planting methods: 1080 m3/hm2, 1170 m3/hm2 and 1260 m3/hm2. Field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different planting methods and irrigation quotas on the permeability, water moisture, salinity and forage sorghum growth of saline soils. The results showed that drip irrigation could control the soil salinity of 0-20 cm soil layer below 3 g/kg, and the soil salinity decreased with the increase of irrigation quota. The soil salinity of ridge irrigation was lower than that non-ridge treatment. The growth of forage sorghum is better than that non-ridge treatment. When the irrigation quota exceed 1170 m3/hm2, the difference of growth indexes of forage sorghum is not significance. Considering that the experimental area is located in arid area, the fresh water resources are limited, and the high irrigation amount is not conducive to the improvement of water use efficiency. Therefore, ridge irrigation, irrigation quota of 1170 m3/hm2 is suitable for plant the forage sorghum in the saline soil of Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area.

To determine the potato water production function in Yellow River Pumping Irrigation Area of Ningxia，the experiment was performed by using water deficit irrigation in different growth periods of potato to study the effects of soil water conditions on water consumption and yield at different growth period of potato． The field soil water content，water consumption and yield with drip irrigation under mulch were measured，and the“ke xin yi hao”was used as the test material． The results showed that: potato yield did not decrease under low water deficit condition during tuber initiation period and under low and medium water deficit condition during starch accumulation stage， but decreased significantly under medium water deficit condition during tuber initiation period and under low and medium water deficit condition during tuber initiation stage． Jensen model，Minhas model，Blank model，Stewart model and Singh model were established to analyze the consumed water quantity and the yield of maize under different irrigation quantity． According to the obtained data and the models， the moisture sensitivity index was calculated． The analysis result indicates that the water deficit results in different degrees potato yield reduction． The Jensen model is more suitable for water requirement calculation of potato in Yanghuang irrigation area of Ningxia．

In order to study winter irrigation effect and its variation with time under different irrigation quotas and determine the direct and indirect effects and affecting time of winter irrigation，a field experiments were carried out． The results show that different winter irrigation quotas will result in different spatial distribution of soil moisture; large winter irrigation quotas can greatly enhance soil moisture content， which is the direct effect of winter irrigation; in the absence of rainfall and other external water supplementation，winter irrigation is exhausted in 75 to 85 days after winter irrigation，and the direct effect is over; the indirect effect of winter irrigation is reflected in the growth and water use of winter wheat; winter irrigation quota has a significant effect on root distribution and leaf area index of winter wheat，but plant height is not sensitive to winter irrigation water; there is no significant difference in winter wheat yield under different winter irrigation quota， but the increase of winter irrigation quota will reduce water use efficiency and lead to waste of water resources． The water use efficiency is taken as the index to evaluate the suitability of winter irrigation quota，and the winter irrigation amount of winter wheat is suggested to be 45 mm in Guanzhong area

To solve the problem of low transplant survival rate and slow growth of seedlings after transplanting due to the extensive transplanting method in Mongolian almond transplanting protection work，the field experiment was designed in Yulin area in 2018，the three factors and three levels orthogonal scheme is adopted and each cell is randomly arranged． The effects of different water and fertilizer conditions and different coverage methods on soil moisture content of 0 ～ 100 cm layer，soil temperature of 5 ～ 20 cm layer and the germination and physiological growth of transplanted Mongolian almond were studied． The results show that: the soil temperature of C2 and C3 was significantly higher than that of non－covering treatment，and the soil moisture content of the cultivated layer was also higher than that without cover( p＜0．05) ． At the same time，the black film cover treatment could effectively prevent the too high soil temperature in the hot weather in summer． Under the mulching treatment，the survival rate of transplanted Mongolian almonds was significantly higher than that of non－covering treatment( p＜0．05) ，and the survival rate was increased by 48．2% ～ 66．4%，the germination rate was 5～ 7 d earlier than that under the non －covering treatment at the same time． The survival rate of transplanted Mongolian almonds increased with the irrigation amount． The increase of nitrogen application had a slight inhibitory effect on the transplanting of Mongolian almonds，but it was not significant． The average leaf area of Mongolian almonds was larger by 76．1% ～ 93．1 than that of non－covering treatment under the mulching treatment，the specific leaf weight was decreased by 33．2% ～ 41．7% and the chlorophyll content was by significantly increased by 12．6% ～ 46．6%． In summary，the treatment of 100% field holding irrigation，270 kg /hm2 nitrogen application with black plastic film mulching performs well in all indexes of transplanting Mongolian almonds in Yulin area，which can effectively improve the survival rate of transplanting and promote the growth of Mongolian almonds． Therefore，the A3B1C2 is a better treatment combination of irrigation，nitrogen application and mulching for transplanting Mongolian almonds in Yulin area．

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of two dripper interval conditions (30cm and 50cm) and three fertilization methods (water-soluble fertilizer, compound fertilizer and carbon-based fertilizer) on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in 2016. The results showed that, the smaller spacing of drippers is more conducive to tobacco plant absorption and utilization of soil nutrients, thereby promoting the synthesis of flue-cured tobacco nicotine and total nitrogen content. Compared with the interval of 50cm dripper, the total nitrogen content of upper and middle leaf of tobacco was increased by 2.2%~23.7% and 0.4%~5.3%, nicotine content increased by 1.4%~36.7% and 11.5% % ~ 33.7% respectively. Compared with the spacing of 30cm dripper, the chemical composition of middle leaf of 50cm dripper interval was more coordinated, and the ratio of nicotine to base and nitrogen to base ratio increased by 2.4%~42.6% and 10.8%~27.3% respectively. The different way of fertilization had a significant effect on nitrogen the utilization of flue-cured tobacco (P<0.05). The drip irrigation with water-soluble fertilizer promoted the absorption and utilization of nutrients of root system of tobacco. Compared with the compound fertilizer treatment and the carbon-based fertilizer treatment, the nitrogen utilization efficiency of the tobacco plants treated with water-soluble fertilizer increased by 24.2~32.7 percentage points and 21.1~22.8 percentage points, respectively. The chemical compositions of the tobacco leaves treated with water-soluble fertilizer were more coordinated among different fertilization methods, the value of tobacco was higher. Compared with compound fertilizer treatment and carbon-based fertilizer treatment, the ratio of sugar to alkali of tobacco leaves in different parts of water soluble fertilizer treatment increased by 9.8%~98.9%, the ratio of nitrogen and alkali increased by 0.0%~49.2% and the output of tobacco leaf increased by 13.0~23.4 percentage points. The drip irrigation system drip interval should chosen by 50cm, which not only helped to improve the chemical quality of tobacco leaves, but also reduced the production cost and improved the production efficiency. The application of water-soluble fertilizer drip irrigation is beneficial to the improvement of tobacco chemical quality and output.

As one of the basic data of the SWAT model，the spatial precision of land use data will have a certain impact on the model simulation． In order to better understand the effect of spatial precision of land use data on model simulation，this paper takes the Jinghe River Basin above the third of Jingchuan Station as the research area． Three common land use datasets ( Land 1，Land 2，Land 3) with different spatial resolution and classification systems were used to build SWAT models and two model evaluation indexes，ENS and R2 ，were selected to simulate the 11－year monthly runoff of the third of the Jingchuan station from 1980 to 1990． Among them，the calibration period was 1980－ 1988 and the validation period was 1989－1990，and the simulation results of each data set were analyzed and compared． The results show that: ① The values of the two indexes of SWAT models that build by three different land use date sets are greater than 0．7． Among them，the simulation results of Land 2 corresponding SWAT model are the best，ENS and R2 are 0．73 and 0．74 during the calibration period ( 1980－ 1988) ，0．55 and 0．73 during the validation period，respectively． ② Changes in spatial precision of land use data will affect the division of hydrological response unit hrus，and the higher the precision of the input data space，the more HRUs． ③The effect of classification accuracy f input land use data on model sensitivity parameters is higher than that of spatial resolution． ④ The relationship between the precision of the input land use data and the simulation results is not a simple linear relationship; the number of division of the hydrological response unit ( HRUs) has more influence on the model simulation result than the accuracy of land use classification on the model simulation result．

The assessment of groundwater vulnerability is of great significance to the allocation and protection of groundwater resources, and the weight distribution of indexes is a very critical step in the process of research. Aiming at the disadvantages of weight distribution method in traditional DRASTIC model, the subjective method and the objective method was combined to distribute weight to indexes in the DRASTIC model. The subjective method adopted the improved analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with the three scale standard, and the objective method adopted factor analysis. Based on the DRASTIC model, seven indexes affecting the vulnerability of groundwater ware selected, and the method of combinated weight distribution was applied to the groundwater vulnerability assessment of the Caopu area in Anning, Yunnan Provinc, finally using the Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient to indicate assessment results and then three methods ware compared. The results represented the groundwater vulnerability in the study area had a higher correlation with the concentration of ammonia nitrogen after the calculation by combinated weight , the correlation coefficient of which reached 0.604. And this paper can draw a conclusion that the combinated weight distribution method has a certain reliability and scientificity in the assessment of groundwater vulnerability.

With the rapid development of China's economy, the problem of water pollution has become increasingly serious, and the PPP model has been widely applied to water environmental treatment projects. As the most direct beneficiary and sensation of PPP project in water environment treatment, the public can effectively feedback the implementation effect of water environment treatment PPP project. This paper investigates the public satisfaction of a water environment treatment PPP project in Henan Province through questionnaire survey, analyzes and processes the data collected by questionnaires by using analytic hierarchy process and factor analysis method, and then adopts fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and IPA analysis method to control the water environment of the waters. The satisfaction of PPP projects is measured and analyzed. It is concluded that the public has reached a relatively satisfactory level of awareness of coastal plants and landscapes and living and leisure, supervision and complaint management, building construction and ancillary facilities and sanitary cleaning management are basically satisfied, while the satisfaction degree of river water treatment is general. However, the overall public satisfaction of the PPP project for water environment treatment is basically satisfactory, and there is still room for development.

This paper selected twenty indicators from the aspects of water resources，society，economy and ecology to construct a comprehensive evaluation system for water resources carrying capacity，and used AHP-entropy weight method combined subjective and objective approach to determine the weights of each index，and the improved TOPSIS method was used to evaluated the water resources carrying capacity of Lianyungang during 2008-2016. The results show that: from 2008 to 2010，the water resources carrying capacity of Lianyungang was reduced from Grade III to Grade IV. Since 2011，it has risen to Grade III，and reached the maximum evaluation value of 0.6506 in 2012. After that，although the level of carrying capacity fluctuates slightly，it is always at III medium level，with an average annual evaluation of 0.5999. Based on the current status of water resources in Lianyungang，the water resources carrying capacity of the region can be increased by increasing agricultural water conservation，paying attention to water conservancy construction investment，making full use of stormwater resources，and increasing seawater desalination.

In order to study the law of water and salt transport in shallow soil under different soil conditions，based on maize field experiment，using one－dimensional saturated－unsaturated soil moisture and solute movement theory，the simulated values and measured values were compared and analyzed，and the simulation accuracy of HYDRUS － 1D numerical model was verified． Four different soils in Jiefangzha irrigation area of Inner Mongolia were simulated． The movement of soil water and salt was determined，and the water and salt dynamics of different soils under different irrigation quota were determined． The results showed that the volume water content of 0～ 10 cm and 10～ 20 cm soils under different soil conditions was basically the same，and the soil water content increased with the increase of irrigation quota; the water content of silty clay loam was higher than that of loam，clay loam and loam clay under the same conditions; the larger irrigation quota，the more water the silty clay loam and loam clay contained，which indicated that silty clay loam and loamy clay were beneficial to the growth and development of maize． The simulation results of soil water and salt transport using HYDRUS－ 1D model can provide reference for water and salt management and soil salinization control in irrigation area．

Abstract：In order to quantitatively investigate the relationship between land-use change and water quality in the Dazong Lake basin，Landsat TM images from 2012 and 2016 were interpreted using ENVI. This paper divides the research area into six types using supervised classification. This is done using grey correlation analysis to evaluate water quality. The results show that：①Dazong Lake basin is dominated by farmland and construction land accounting for more than 70% of the total area. From 2012 to 2016，the farmland and unused land had been converted to woodland and water area. ②Generally，from 2012 to 2016，the water quality of Dazong Lake was deteriorated and then improved.③The grey relational orders between water quality of lake and land-use was construction land>unused land>water area>woodland or farmland or grassland；the grey correlation between water quality indexes and land use was quite different.Woodland and grassland played an active role in improving water quality.Therefore，planting more trees and grass in the upper Dazong lake basin is conductive to the maintenance of ecological health.

Abstract：In this paper, winter wheat was studied by designing irrigation schemes with different brackish water concentration and irrigation amount. The effects of water and salt stress on Winter Wheat under brackish water irrigation were studied by barrel cultivation experiment. The resule show that: 3g/L?brackish?water?had less?influence?on???chlorophyll content,?while 5g/L brackish water could decrease chlorophyll content in leaves.The physiological growth of winter wheat could be promoted by irrigation with 3gL brackish water at jointing stage, and photosynthesis could be promoted by appropriate salt stress.Salt stress can change the way crops use available light radiation. 3 g/L brackish water irrigation can promote the utilization efficiency of low effective lightradiation in winter wheat. Using 5g/L? brackish water for irrigation will?affect?the?structure?of the?leaves?of?winter wheat, reducing of High Efficient Optical?radiation?responses?of the?blades,leading the decline of photosynthesis.In addition, salt stress can increase the initial fluorescence of crops, reduce the maximum fluorescence yield of leaves, and also reduce the intrinsic light energy conversion efficiency.The brackish water of 3g/L can alleviate the water stress of crops to a certain extent and increase the physiological growth of crops under salt stress.

The factors of siltation of low-pressure pipeline irrigation pipelines mainly include factors such as water sediment concentration and particle gradation, pipeline flow, pipe diameter, irrigation mode and operation management. According to the relationship between sediment concentration and critical non-sludge flow according to different pipe diameters, the sediment concentration of the Yangtze River is 0.414kg/m3, the median diameter is 0.01mm, and the critical pipe diameter is 500mm. At 281m3/h, when the diameter of the branch pipe is 200mm, the critical non-sludge flow rate is 40m3/h. With the increase of sediment content, the pipeline does not increase the silt flow rate. At the same time, under the same sediment content, the critical non-sludge flow increases with the increase of the water pipe, The water pipe diameter has a great influence on the critical non-sewage flow diameter.

On the basis of summarizing the existing research and evaluation methods，this paper constructs a water－saving irrigation project evaluation model based on the optimal combination weighted fuzzy matter－element model． Firstly，the G1 method and the improved entropy weight method are used to determine the subjective and objective weights of the index． Then，the principle of minimum discriminating information is used to combine the weights，and the weights of both subjective and objective factors are obtained． Secondly，the objective fuzzy extension method and the ideal solution method are used to solve the ideal fuzzy matter element and the negative ideal fuzzy matter element，and the relative relevance of each evaluation object is determined according to the European norm calculation． Finally，the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by an example of investment decision－making in a water－saving irrigation project in a certain area．

The type and performance of filter affects the working efficiency of micro irrigation engineering. Torpedo screen filter has great advantages in prolonging filtration time and improving sediment removal efficiency. The application results of torpedo screen filter in Xinjiang irrigation area show that, according to the water type and water quality, the combination of torpedo screen filter with sand filter or centrifugal filter can give full play to its sand removal function prolong filtration time and avoid frequent waste of water resources. Under some conditions, using torpedo screen filter alone can also meet the requirement of irrigation water quality.The research conclusion provides a reference for the development of micro-irrigation and the application of filter.

Based on the many years of meteorological data and daily reference crop water demand data in Tong Dong irrigated area，the GA －Elman neural network reference crop water demand forecasting model，with daily number，sunshine time and daily mean temperature as input vectors and daily reference crop water demand as the output vector，was constructed． The model was tested with the data of day by day meteorological data and the water requirement of reference crop of 2015 in Tong Dong irrigation area． The results show that the GA－Elman model has high predictive precision，the mean relative error of absolute value is 7．24%，the overwhelming majority is in the 0% ～ 25% range， and the total number in the 0～ 10% range is 81．8%． It has a strong practical application value．

Vegetables are the crops that need more water and more fertilizer． The synergistic effect of water and fertilizers can achieve the goal of saving water，high yield，and increasing quality． Therefore，the article analyzes and summarizes the domestic and abroad research advance from the aspects of water and fertilizer integration on vegetable growth，yield，quality，moisture，and nutrient use efficiency． Based on the current research status，the article proposes the fertigation for vegetables in China． On the one hand，the research should develop into humid areas． On the other hand，the general mechanistic models for the establishment of suitable vegetables，the water demand and fertilizer requirements under the conditions of fertigation，and the optimization of regional vegetables planting structures，should be researched and developed in depth． In related professional fields，the advanced technical means should be used to establish a water and fertilizer efficient use management information platform to guide regional agricultural production，which will greatly promote the development of regional agricultural production for high production，high quality and efficiency．