The Fifth Canal Village is located at Yanqi Basin in Xinjiang, China. As a typical arid oasis, it was taken as our study area to get the best frequency irrigation schemes . The locally grown tomatoes were selected as the research material. Here, we used the HYDRUS-1D model to simulate the rule of field soil water content movement, the results showed that the model can provide a satisfactory simulation. Based on the model, we also get the rule of soil water content under different groundwater level and different frequency irrigation. In addition, we adjusted the irrigation frequency and groundwater level to determine a reasonable irrigation system, as a result, we can make the best of irrigation water resources at last. Meanwhile, the total irrigation water keeps constant, 930 m3/hm2. The mean soil water content, the volatility of the soil moisture and the infiltration capacity were choose as the evaluation index. The optimal irrigation scheme is recommended as irrigating the crop 132.85 m3/hm2 each time and 7 times in total with the average groundwater level is 1051.07m during the mature period of tomato.

In order to explore the water measuring performance of wing pillar－shaped measuring flume in trapezoidal channel，the hydraulic performance experiments in trapezoidal channel with 4 different contraction ratios for measuring flumes were conducted． By analyzing the upstream water level，flow discharge，and contraction ratio，the flow formula was derived and the measurement accuracy，upstream Froude number，critical submergence degree and head loss were also analyzed． The experimental results show that wing pillar－shaped measuring flume in trapezoidal channel has good water gaging performance，the experimental data is quite correlative，and the coefficient of correlation Ｒ2 can reach 0．997 1 or more． The flow formula fitted by the test data is concise and easy to use，with an average flow error of 2．43%．The upstream Froude number is all less than 0． 4，and the critical submergence degree is over 0． 85，which can meet the requirements of “Specifications for water measurement of irrigation canal system”( GB/T 21303－2017) ．

In order to determine the suitable KNO3 top dressing dosage in the tobacco fertigation system，a field experiment was carried out to study the effects of four level ( except CK) of KNO3 drip－fertigation amount ( KNO3－0%，KNO3－20%，KNO3－40% and KNO3－60%) on the growth，chemical quality，yield and production value of flue－cured tobacco in 2016． The results showed that: compared with the control ( without fertilization) ，the tobacco yield were increased by 84．1%，65．0%，75．7%，65．4%，respectively，in the KNO3－0%，KNO3－20%， KNO3－40% and KNO3－60% treatment，the tobacco production value were increased by 76．4%，73．9%，82．6%，61．9%，respectively，in the KNO3－0%，KNO3－20%，KNO3－40% and KNO3－60% treatment; there was no significant difference among the effects of KNO3 drip－ fertigation amount treatments on the tobacco maximum leaf length，maximum leaf width，and the average leaf size( P＞0．05) ; the highest mid －high grade leave was observed in the treatment of KNO3－40% and the treatment of KNO3－20%，which was increased by 11．7 percentage points and 9．7 percentage points in the two treatments，compared with that in the KNO3 －0% treatment; the tobacco production value was increased by 3．5% in the treatment of KNO3－40%，and was no difference in the treatment of KNO3－20%，respectively，compared with that of the treatment of KNO3 － 0%． It can be seen that under the condition of 90 kgN/hm2 ( dressing ratio was 50%) ，the dosage of KNO3 topdressing should be reduced by 20% ～ 40%，which is beneficial to fertilizer saving and quality increasing in the tobacco production． The study of suitable fertilizer dosage in the tobacco fertigation system still needs further research．

In order to clarify the changes of soil moisture and soil temperature under forage mixed with forage in alpine desert area, the effects of irrigation on soil moisture and temperature were studied by micro-sprinkling irrigation mode. Oats and common vetch were used as experimental materials. During the growth period, there were no treatments for watering, oat jointing and flowering, and soil moisture and soil temperature were measured by soil moisture meter. The results showed that the soil moisture of 0-60 cm without irrigation and irrigation treatment was consistent with the change trend of forage during the whole growth period, but the variation range was different. The variation range of non-irrigation treatment was 14.46%; the variation range of irrigation treatment was 10.89%. The variation of soil water content gradually decreased with the deepening of soil depth, and the soil moisture content of 0-20 cm soil layer was affected by irrigation and rainfall to the maximum extent of 20.04%. Non-irrigation and irrigation treatment 0-60 cm soil temperature fluctuations during the whole growth period are more affected by temperature than irrigation, and the soil temperature changes are 15.96 °C and 14.61 °C, respectively, indicating that irrigation can be steadily warmed to a certain extent. The time when the maximum value of soil temperature occurs is gradually delayed with the increase of soil depth. The Person correlation coefficient between soil moisture content and soil temperature under irrigation and non-irrigation treatment showed that there was a negative correlation between soil moisture content and soil temperature, and the correlation coefficient reached 0.626.

In order to study the problem of the measurement deviation of capacitive humidity sensor in the measurement of moisture content in different stages of sandy soil evaporation，the change process of water content of the initial saturated sandy soil column under evaporation condition was analyzed by direct weighing method compared with capacitive soil humidity sensor measurement method． The results show that the moisture content measured by electronic scale method and the capacitive humidity sensor method at different stages show difference and correlation; the insertion of electrode flake affects the evaporation process of the specimen; compared with the undisturbed soil，the evaporation rate of the disturbed soil is higher in the early stage，lower in the medium term and basically the same in the later stage． 

To explore the distribution of soil water and nitrogen and its effect on the growth and yield of summer maize under surge border irrigation and conventional border irrigation in fertilization condition in the soil, we did some research. Field experiments were carried out to calculate the variability of spatial distribution of water and nitrogen, the storage efficiency of water and nitrogen and the efficiency of irrigation and fertilization, and to test summer maize seeds and determine the accumulation of dry matter. Three days after irrigation, in 0-60 cm soil layer, surge border irrigation and conventional border irrigation in water content increased by 44.38% and 44.77%, nitrate nitrogen content increased by 4.94 mg/kg and 3.13 mg/kg, irrigation efficiency of surge border irrigation was 36.01%, lower than that of conventional border irrgation26.51%, and fertilization efficiency was 25.67%, higher than that of conventional border irrigation 57.87%. The seed test index and dry matter accumulation of surge border irrigation were higher than that of conventional border irrigation, and the indexes were 0.94%~9.31% higher than that of conventional border irrigation, and the yield was 0.75% higher than that of conventional border irrigation. The irrigation efficiency of surge border irrigation is lower because of the large amount of irrigation, but the fertilization efficiency is higher. The spatial distribution of nitrogen in surge border irrigation is better than that in conventional border irrigation, which is more conducive to the growth and development of summer maize.

Drip irrigation can efficiently utilize water resources and is widely used in China． Under different slope topographic conditions，the capillary drip holes arranged along the slope are affected by elevation changes，and there is a significant difference between the rule of water output and drip irrigation on flat land． Ground gradient，downhill pipe length and downhill pipe length were selected as test factors． Full factor experiments were conducted at three，five and five levels，respectively，to determine the water output from capillary drip holes and to analyze and calculate the irrigation uniformity of each combination． The results show that: all the above factors have significant effects on the uniformity of capillary irrigation，and the length of downhill pipe has the most significant effect; the two－way arrangement of capillary with shorter downhill pipe is more suitable for sloping terrain，and the irrigation uniformity gradually increases with the increase of slope; the shorter downhill pipe is，the higher the irrigation uniformity is，so the suitable downhill pipe length should be selected according to the slope in practice; for the downhill capillary with different length，there is an optimal length，which will reduce the irrigation uniformity when the value is lower or higher． According to the distribution law of water output from each combination of trickle holes，the water output at the capillary intake is the highest，the peak value of capillary outflow decreases and the low value increases with the decrease of the length of downhill pipe，then the water output tends to be uniform; the topographic gradient will compensate the water flow in downhill pipe，and when the slope is large enough，the lowest point of downhill outflow will move forward to the intake; the setting of downhill pipe will reduce the water output from each trickle hole． In a certain length range，the longer the upstream pipe is，the more obvious the phenomenon is． But when the length exceeds a certain length，the water output of the upstream pipe will drop sharply．

Phreatic evaporation is the main consumption item of groundwater，and it will aggravate soil salinization in freezing period． In order to reveal the influence of soil particle size and freezing temperature on diving evaporation，a one－way freezing test was carried out on the soil column with a buried depth of 0．5 m by artificial control of freezing temperature in the laboratory，and the diving evaporation laws of three kinds of soil particle size ( 0．19，0．35 and 0．73 mm) in the process of freezing temperature reduction were studied． In order to reveal the effects of soil particle size and freezing temperature on phreatic evaporation，the indoor unidirectional freezing experiment with a groundwater table depth of 0．5 m under artificial－controlled freezing temperature was conducted to study the phreatic evaporation law of three kinds of soil particle sizes ( 0．19，0．35，0．73 mm) in the process of decreasing freezing temperature． The results showed that: the smaller the soil particle size，the faster the evaporation rate of the phreatic water; the larger the cumulative evaporation of the phreatic water，the more obvious the effect of the freezing temperature change on the phreatic evaporation in the soil; during the whole freezing process，the maximum cumulative phreatic evaporation of A，B and C soils was 324，280 and 232 mm，respectively; the relationship between cumulative phreatic evaporation and freezing time in the freezing process was well fitted by the logarithmic equation，and the fitting effect was improved with the decrease of soil particle size． The research results have practical value for scientific evaluation of groundwater resources and prevention of soil salinization．

Abstract: In order to explore the flow measurement accuracy and influencing factors of the perforated plate type flow measuring device in the standard U-shaped channel, the Fluent numerical simulation software is used to simulate the flow field of different flow rates, and the cloud map of the water surface line at each time period can be obtained. Each pair of flow passages of the perforated plate type flow measuring device is equivalent to one pitot, and the flow difference head is obtained by using the difference( )in water in the static and dynamic pressure tubes to obtain the flow rate( ). By observing the change of the water surface line and the analysis of the flow velocity data, it is found that the average relative error between the flow rate obtained by the numerical simulation and the actual flow rate is less than 5%, and the coincidence degree is very good, which meets the requirements of the measurement accuracy of the open channel flow measuring device. The accuracy and feasibility of numerical simulation are further proved.

Due to the shortage of water resource，there are still many areas in China using hard water for irrigation． However，hard water is easy to cause emitter to clog． In order to explore the law and the clogging mechanism of ceramic emitter in hard water infiltration irrigation system，in this paper，sand－based ceramic emitter was selected to conduct irrigation experiments with Yangling tap water and three kinds of hard water with different total hardness prepared． The flow rate of the emitter was observed within 55 d，and the blocked substances form in the emitter was observed，and the composition and content of blocked substances were detected with the aid of X－ray diffraction instrument． The results showed that: the harder the water，the more serious the blockage． Under the condition of hard water irrigation，the change process of flow rate of ceramic emitter with time can be divided into“wave stage”and“drop stage”． The analysis of plug material shows that CaCO3 precipitation is the main cause of plug． Blockage image shows that the longer the running time，the harder the water quality and the more serious the blockage deposition． The results provide a reference for the popularization of ceramic emitters in areas with hard water quality

In order to save and optimize the use of water resources, to avoid extensive agricultural irrigation requirements of the waste of resources.【Method】using the deployment of sensors in the farmland soil moisture temperature, air relative humidity, ultraviolet radiation strength, coupled with the natural environment parameters, such as weather forecast data from the Internet, the system will be provided by the sensor nodes to obtain real-time data and the Internet weather forecast information input SVR model training to get poor soil moisture forecast in the future, combined with k - means clustering algorithm accurate prediction results, the use of Web services and Web based information visualization function of intelligent decision-making, has set up a platform based on IOT and combining planning prediction algorithm of intelligent irrigation management system,And give reasonable irrigation Suggestions.【Results】according to the two-week prediction results, compared with HS algorithm, SVR+k-means clustering planning prediction algorithm has better fitting degree, smaller fluctuation and higher accuracy with the actual measurement results.The comparison between the test data of the planning prediction algorithm and the traditional algorithm shows the accuracy of the former, and the reliability and superiority of the planning prediction algorithm are fully demonstrated by simulation.It can be seen that the predicted value of soil moisture by the planning prediction algorithm is closer to the measured value.【Conclusion】the accurate quantitative results of soil moisture difference obtained by the planning and prediction algorithm can realize the intelligent irrigation decision control of future farmland and achieve the goal of water resource conservation.

The shape characteristics of sand particles in micro－irrigation directly affect the pore size and distribution of sand filter layer，and thus have an important impact on the filtering effect of the filter layer． In order to obtain the shape characteristics of sand particles，computer image processing technology was used． Three kinds of quartz sand filter layer with the diameter range 1．0～ 1．18，1．18～ 1．4 and 1．4～ 1．7 mm， respectively，were studied as research objects． Sixteen quartz sand samples were selected as samples for each filter layer． Sand particle samples were photographed by digital camera one by one． Shape coefficients，such as area，circumference，radius of circumscribed circle and radius of tangential circle of sand particles，were extracted from the image of sand particles by using a self－compiled computer program in C language． Based on the above work，the equivalent diameter of sand particles，simplified elongation index and Blaschke coefficient were calculated． Through statistical analysis of particle size parameters，such as area，circumference and equivalent diameter of sand particles，it can be seen that the size distribution of sand particles in the three sand filter layers is uniform． Through statistical analysis of ductility index， such as simplified elongation index and Blaschke coefficient，it can be seen that the shape characteristics of sand particles are relatively stable． Generally，the shape of sand particles is flat，and the shape is close to the ellipse with the ratio of long axis to short axis of 3 ∶ 2．The research results provide technical reference for the selection and processing of sand filter materials．

In order to explore the appropriate sprinkler irrigation technology mode for winter wheat and summer corn continuous cropping system in Huang－huai irrigation area，five sprinkler irrigation modes，including semi－fixed sprinkler irrigation，intelligent irrigation，central pivot sprinkler，buried automatic expansion integrated sprinkler irrigation，and self－driven capstan sprinkler irrigation，were selected． The Topsis model based on AHP+ entropy weight method was constructed to carry out optimization analysis and research on different irrigation schemes from five aspects，including economy，society，technology，agricultural ecology and resources，on the basis of continuous cropping cycle experiment of winter wheat and summer maize． The results show that: buried automatic expansion integrated sprinkler has significant energy－ and labor－saving benefits，which is 57．1% more energy saving than central support axis sprinkler irrigation，and its labor－saving benefit is 4．8 times more than semi－fixed sprinkler irrigation，and is the most welcomed for farmers; The investment of semi－fixed sprinkler irrigation project is 64．3% and 33．3% lower than that of intelligent sprinkler irrigation and buried automatic expansion integrated sprinkler irrigation，and the annual maintenance cost is 73．7% and 28．6% lower than that of intelligent sprinkler irrigation and central branch axis sprinkler，and its disadvantage is the poor benefit of saving labor; The central support axis sprinkler has the strongest crop adaptability，but the power consumption is increased by 300 kWh /hm2 than the buried automatic expansion integrated sprinkler． During the planting cycle，the water－saving amount of intelligent sprinkler irrigation is 1 920 m3 /hm2 ，which is the best water－saving effect compared with the self－driven capstan sprinkler irrigation，which can save 26．3% water． The economic benefit，cost－benefit ratio and water－saving amount are the top three weighted indexes，which are 0．187，0．152 and 0．135 respectively． Before the decision and implementation of irrigation technology model， benefit cost and water－saving degree should be considered first． The water－saving sprinkler mode of the continuous cropping system of winter wheat and summer corn in Huang－huai irrigation area is ranked as follows: buried automatic expansion integrated sprinkler ＞ central support axis sprinkler ＞ self－driven cap－type sprinkler ＞ intelligent sprinkler irrigation ( semi－fixed sprinkler irrigation) ． It can be concluded that the evaluation results of the Topsis comprehensive model with AHP+ entropy weight method are scientific and reasonable and accord with the actual situation of agricultural production． Under the current economic and technical conditions，the best comprehensive benefits can be obtained by adopting the buried automatic expansion integrated sprinkler irrigation in Huang－huai well irrigation area．

The tail water－saving reform in large－scale canal irrigation districts is an important measure to improve the utilization rate of water resources in irrigation districts and alleviate the current water shortage in irrigation districts． In this paper，the common problems in agricultural irrigation in large－scale canal irrigation districts in Jiangsu are analyzed． Taking Chuanhang irrigation district in Suqian in Jiangsu as an example，three possible schemes for separating the tail of a large－scale canal irrigation district from the original irrigation district to form several independent small－scale irrigation systems and implementing water－saving reconstruction in the tail area of the irrigation district are proposed． The program is optimized by economic analysis． Finally，an internal small－scale water－raising irrigation system is established at the end of the large－scale canal irrigation district． The scheme of using both irrigation with pipe conveyance and irrigation with canal conveyance is a feasible water－saving technology transformation plan with ideal technical and economic effects． This program has important guiding significance for the future water－saving reform and development of large－scale canal irrigation districts in Jiangsu．

According to the data of the small intelligent monitoring weather station monitoring of tea tree hair in Dongwangyu Village, Dongwangyu Village, City, Qingdao City, Penman-Monteith as the basic equation, and the calculation of tea tree hair volume by reference crop yield model, The influence of the greenhouse environmental factors on the greenhouse tea tree hair rise was analyzed by the gray correlation model. The experimental results show that the size of the greenhouse tea tree hair is closely related to the environmental factors, with the change of temperature, light intensity and other environmental factors, the amount of tea tree rise will change accordingly; Overcast and rainy days when the impact of various environmental factors on the amount of hair is the same degree of size, that is: soil moisture content , temperature , relative humidity , light intensity, and on a sunny day, the amount of tea tree hair is much greater than cloudy and rainy days, cloudy and rainy days greenhouse tea tree hair is basically the same. Therefore, in agricultural greenhouse irrigation facilities, it can affect the yield of crops by regulating the main environmental factors, to achieve the goal of saving water, and promote the effective growth of tea trees, improve the quality and yield of tea, can provide important decision-making basis for the precise irrigation of greenhouse tea trees. .

In order to meet the irrigation requirements of different landscape plants in vertical greening，an automatic vertical greening device based on porous filter material is designed． The device realizes the change of soil water potential from negative pressure to positive pressure through Porous absorbent filter material by using the principle of soil water balance，so that the soil water potential is maintained at different pressure values，thereby creating different soil moisture environments to meet the water requirements of various landscape plants． And through the coupling relationship between soil moisture content and soil matrix potential，the discharge flow of emitters is adjusted to achieve automatic irrigation for different landscape plants in vertical greening． In order to determine the parameters of the device，the water tank height，soil depth，water－absorbing wire material and diameter，and porous ceramic emitter material ratio are taken as the parameters to be determined． Through the theoretical calculation of water demand for landscape plant irrigation，the analysis of the impact test of different wire materials and diameters on soil water absorption and water content and the ratio optimization of porous ceramic emitter，the parameters are determined． Through the benefit analysis comparison，the cost of the device is reduced by 50% ～ 70% compared with the existing vertical greening device． 

In order to solve the problems of the unreasonable design of the thick shell wall and the high cost of the physical test on the planetary gear reducer of the electric drive type sprinkler by the traditional method, this research finds that the maximum shape variable of shell in traditional design is 0.045738mm through geometric modeling and static analysis of shell, which has little influence on shell. The maximum stress is 2.5814MPa, which is located at the box wall of the third planetary gear, and the shell stress distribution is obviously uneven. In this study, SolidWorks is used to carry out parametric modeling of reducer shell. By selecting four key dimension parameters of shell structure as design variables, this study adopts response surface method to analyze the relationship between design variables of data fitting degree and sensitivity of target parameters, and the response line and response surface of design variables to target parameters. The results show that the thickness of the middle wall of the shell has the greatest influence on the shell quality, so is the thickness of the rear end wall on the maximum shape variables and the maximum stress. After optimization, the mass of the shell is reduced from 138.4kg to 127.6kg, which is reduced by 7.8%. The maximum deformation is reduced by 11.5%, and the maximum stress on the casing is reduced by 19.9%. This provides a strong reference basis for the subsequent development of the gearbox and reduces the development cost.

In order to achieve the precise irrigation of winter wheat in southern Xinjiang，a precise irrigation decision system for winter wheat was developed in southern Xinjiang． The system is mainly composed of the modules of weather，information，decision － making，soil information and statistics． Combined with the water conditions of the rapid growth of winter wheat in southern Xinjiang and the actual results of field investigation by experts，and based on the Penman－Montes formula as the core and the water balance equation as the basis，the mathematical model decision module of irrigation management of winter wheat in southern Xinjiang is constructed by using weather data and soil details． This system realizes the real－time dynamic decision of accurate irrigation，provides important reference for saving water and accurate irrigation of winter wheat，has practical significance，and provides decision support for intelligent production of winter wheat．

Watering and fertilizing management is the most important measure for crops. In order to develop a useful decision-making expert system for water and fertilizer management for flue-cured tobacco (FCT) growth，forward-chaining strategy and Visual Basic 6.0 under Windows was adopted with researched results and water-fertilizer yield function fitted by water-fertilizers coupling experiment data of FCT（not listed）. The designed system contained system instruction module，common tobacco planting technology inquiry module，fertilization decision-making module，logging and users’ profile management module，decision module of water consumption and irrigation quantity module，daily decision module for irrigation and drainage，routine quality evaluation of high quality FCT，history result query module. It was used to calculate usages of N，P and K fertilizers，irrigation amount and water consumption of FCT in different growing periods in a case study. The high accuracy calculated values presented to make a useful management plans. This system would enrich study on Decision-making Expert Management System for deep development of FCT management.