Under the condition of keeping out rain，the study on the effects of different drought degrees on the ground part growth and the root system distribution of summer maize in different growth periods has been conducted for two years． The results show that the summer maize yield is affected by the drought the most，and followed by the leaf area，the plant height and the root number． However the stem diameter is unresponsive to drought． The continuous drought less than 12 days is conducive to crop growth，while it is contradictory for the continuous drought more than 12 days． It would run a higher risk of the yield reduction for meeting drought at the earlier growth period of summer maize than at the later growth period． And the root system response to the drought may be one of reasons for the yield reduction． Improving the sowing time and the root depth of summer maize will be effective measures to relieve the crisis of seasonal drought in red soil region of southern China．

Drip irrigation has already been applied in hill area of Guangxi． This experiment simulates the soil water movement characteristics of sandy soil，loam soil and clay soil under drip irrigation condition． The results show that: ① Under the condition of 0．10 MPa work pressure，the flow per meter of drip tube of buried clay，loam and sand，were 4．17，5．92 and 6．10 L/h，respectively． ② The shape of water transport in clay was round，while that of water transport in sand and loam is ellipse． ③The migration velocity of soil-water in sandy soil is the highest，followed by that in loam soil and clay soil． ④ The soil-water content in the clay soil is the highest，followed by that in loam soil and in sandy soil． ⑤ Based on the results of this experiment，it is proposed that the capillary of sand，loam and clay in hill area reasonable depth should be 10 cm，15 cm and 20 cm，respectively． ⑥ The reasonable drop spacing should be 25 cm，30 cm and 35 cm in sand，loam and clay soil，respectively．

Moistube-irrigation technology was applied in greenhouse cultivation experiment. And five different treatments were set up to explore the effects of buried depth and pressure head of moistube-pipe on the growth and yield of onion and soil moisture. The conventional irrigation as control was a treatment. The results show that during the onion growth period,the average daily water consumption and plant height increase first and then decrease. Buried depth has great influence on soil water distribution,however, pressure head has little impact.Buried depth and pressure head has a significant impact on the growth and yield of onion.And the effect of buried depth is more obvious.In terms of plant height and yield , the buried depth of 4cm is superior to the buried depth of 7cm.The growth and yield with moistube-irrigation are better than that of the conventional irrigation.Compared with the conventional irrigation,moistube-irrigation is a little saving water.

In order to study the comprehensive effect of micro-nano bubble aerated irrigation on water-saving and yield-increase of rice，under the different nitrogen levels，a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of micro-nano bubble aerated irrigation on water requirement characteristics，yield and yield composition of the early rice Luliangyou 996 and the late rice Tianyouhuazhan． The results indicated that compared with conventional irrigation，micro-nano bubble aerated irrigation reduced the irrigation amount，water discharge and water consumption and increased the water use efficiency by 7．78% for early rice and 8．37% for late rice． The utilization rate of rainfall was enhanced by 6．03% and 24．58%，and the yield was increased by 4．05% and 3．35% for early rice and late rice，respectively． Moreover，the micronano bubble aerated irrigation had a well fertilizer-saving．

Through field corn trials under drip irrigation with plastic film mulch of three different irrigation treatments，statistical analysis and curve fitting for the nine monitoring data of soil compactness and moisture content in arable layer，the soil compactness change process with time in the whole stages of corn is revealed and the quantitative relationship between the soil compactness and moisture content are analyzed． The results show that: irrigation process has a greater influence on the soil compaction，which increases obviously in topsoil after irrigation; soil compactness does not show a trend of increase or decrease along with the increase of irrigation quota; there is a quadratic function relation between soil compactness and moisture content and the correlation coefficient is between 0．89～ 0．93． Therefore，further in-depth analysis about the changes of soil compactness and moisture content over time will be great significance for the rational precision irrigation and the prevention and control of farmland soil hardening

The ridge border specifications of Jinghuiqu irrigation district are uneven． The waste of irrigation amount due to too long ridge border is common． In this experiment，the combination of cell test and field test is carried out with the irrigation methods used by local farmers as the control treatment; three furrow irrigation length ( 80，120，240 m) treatments are set，each treatment is repeated three times，and the water-changing degree is eighty percent． The effects of furrow irrigation border length on water consumption characteristics and yield of summer corn in the growth period，and the relations between soil moisture distribution with yield and its components are studied to select the best feasible border length considering both water-saving and high yield． The study results show that: after irrigation in the growth period，the difference of the soil water content among the head，middle and end of the furrow is unobvious for the treatments of 80 and 120 m furrow length，while that is significant for the treatment of 240 m length; the yield distribution of the 80 m length treatment is the most uniform，the average water use efficiency and the yield are is the highest as 25．12 and 18．39 kg /( hm2 ·mm) ，respectively． Comprehensively considering the yield and its distribution of summer maize，the water use efficiency，the 80 m irrigation ridge border length is the most suitable length considering both water-saving and high yield for Jinghuiqu irrigation district． The study result will provide theoretical basis for the water-saving and high yield of field crops in Jinghuiqu irrigation district．

Aiming at the problems of drought and water shortage，sole agricultural planting structure，complex and varied soil texture，a planting experiment of corn，millet and oil sunflower under the condition of different irrigation quota and soil texture with drip irrigation was conducted at 2013 and 2014，and the planting structure was optimized based on PI． The result showed that: Productivity index ( PI) of corn， millet and oil sunflower was 0．833，0．828 1 and 0．825 1，respectively，in sandy loan area，while 0．729 3，0．767 9 and 0．809 1，respectively，in non-homogeneous soil area; through optimizing the planting structure，the grain total output increased by 2．8 percents and 0．93，and the total net benefits increased by ＲMB7．7 per ha and ＲMB249．84per ha，respectively，under low level irrigation quota and high level irrigation quota． It can be concluded that soil texture difference leads to the difference of physical and chemical properties of soil and hydraulic characteristics，and then affects crop yield． Optimizing planting structure can obviously improve the total output and total net benefits of grain． 

Under the field experiment condition，choosing Nongda 5 as test material and comparing with the local Prunes humilis Bunge cultivated without irrigation，the effect of different irrigation amount on photosynthesis and yield of Prunes humilis Bunge in gravel-mulched field is studied． The results show that: under different irrigation amount conditions，the change of all the leaf stomatal conductance，transpiration rate，photosynthetic rate and water using efficiency of Prunes humilis Bunge show a typical double peak curve trend and there exists the phenomenon of“midday depression”． The photosynthesis and yield of Prunes humilis Bunge increase with the increase of irrigation amount． Compared with the control ( no irrigation) treatment，the net photosynthesis rate peak value of treatment 1 ( 450 m3 /hm2 ) and treatment 2 ( 225 m3 /hm2 ) respectively increase by 9．77% and 3．50%，the leaf water production efficiency peak value respectively increase by 5．28% and 2．13%，and the yield respectively increase by 19．83% and 6．96%． Therefore，under the condition of existing rainfall and given irrigation amount of 2015，the treatment 1 ( 450 m3 /hm2 ) is the better irrigation amount for prunes humilis Bunge in gravel-mulched field．

Aiming at the problems of sewage treatment in surface water，a kind of pool of filtering and washing under Micro-pressure ( PFWMP) is proposed in this paper． Meanwhile，an experimental study is conducted． The results show that: the PFWMP can filter sand，saw dust，leaves，grass seed and other sewage; when the range of sediment concentration is 3．1 ～ 3．6，13．9 ～ 14．4 and 20．6 ～ 21．1 kg /m3 ，the PFWMP starts blowdown when the filtration time reaches 420，60 and 10 min，respectively; the sediment removal rate of the PFWMP is over 80%; the stage efficiency is 100% when the sediment particle size is from 0．15 to 0．1 mm; the median diameter D50 turns from 0．23 mm to about 0．058 mm; the D98 turns from 0．97 mm to about 0．13 mm． According to sediment removal rate，stage efficiency and variation of sand diameter，the sewage treatment capacity of PFWMP is very high． The filtered water meets the requirements of irrigation water quality． Water depth variation in the tank along with filtration time contains three stages: constant water depth，water depth rapidly increased and water depth fast increased． In the end，on the basis of the experiment results，the mechanism of not-easy blocking filter screen is preliminarily analyzed．

Accurate description of the soil moisture and nitrogen transport and transformation is of great importance to establish an appropriate irrigation and fertilization scheme． In order to explore the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics，transportation and transformation mechanism of soil moisture as well as nitrogen in different system temperature conditions under water storage pit irrigation，a simulation model through controlling the soil temperature with the help of temperature control boxes was constructed and the Crick spatial interpolation method was applied to plot soil water content，nitrate and ammonium nitrogen contour maps under different time and system temperature conditions． The research results show that soil moisture and nutrient infiltration process were completed and redistribution was begun after about 7 hours; with time going on，both the vertical and horizontal distance of water in the soil would increase; at the same moment，with the temperature rising，the vertical and horizontal distance continued increasing，and soil moisture was relatively low near the part of water storage pit wall area; the content of ammonium nitrogen in the soil was rising first and then declining under different temperatures; under low temperatures，the fertilizer redistribution in the soil began to decline on the 15 th day，while for the middle and high temperatures，it began to decline on the 10th day and the migration distance was much smaller than the migration distance of water and nitrate nitrogen; the content of nitrate nitrogen began to increase under ten degrees Celsius on the 10th day; while under twenty，twenty-five and thirty-five degrees Celsius，it began to rise on the 5th day． What＇s more，the content of nitrate nitrogen distributed near water storage pit and soil wetting pattern was curvilinear which was from low to high then to low． All of these indicated that during the redistribution period，along with the temperature rising，the velocity of water redistribution would also increase，and it was more quickly for urea transfer to ammonium nitrogen． At the same time，the nitration process would be promoted，restricting the accumulation of ammonium nitrogen in the soil． When the soil moisture was too high，the nitrification of nitrogen in the soil will be restricted．

The aim of this study is to assess the effects of deep soil water on winter wheat root morphology and drought tolerance in the arid and semi-arid by using different planned irrigation wetting depths． Four water levels were set up in a pot experiment using PVC tubes，namely，surface irrigation ( Ⅰ) ，irrigation wetting depth of 60% root distribution ( Ⅱ) ，irrigation wetting depth of 75% root distribution ( Ⅲ) ， and irrigation wetting depth of 90% root distribution ( Ⅳ) ． The root morphology indexes and above ground dry weight were measured to evaluate the plant growth． The results showed that the deep irrigation which changed the irrigation method from surface to plan wetting depth of root distribution could improve the down depth of winter wheat rooting under the condition of same precipitation rate． At the maturity stage，the Ⅱ，Ⅲ and Ⅳ treatments produced deeper root systems to 27～ 37 cm，and had higher total root dry weight and grain yield than the Ⅰ treatment． In contrast，the root to shoot ratio decreased for the Ⅱ，Ⅲ or Ⅳ treatment，because appropriate root-shoot ratio could better coordinate the relationship between the aerial and underground part of winter wheat and improve drought tolerance． Therefore，the root distribution depth of 60% ( Ⅱ) and 75% ( Ⅲ) under the experimental conditions were more suitable irrigation scheme，and could provide a reference for water-saving irrigation of winter wheat in North China.

Water shortage has been the main factor hindering the development of industry and agriculture． Ｒational utilization of brackish water and salt water is an important measure to resolve the current problem． Through simulation experiment，this paper studies the adsorption and desorption abilities of different materials for salt-base ions of NaCl solution with different concentration． The results show that after concussion absorbing under the same temperature，the Na+ content in brine is reduced． In general，the best materials are activated carbon ( YK， GK) ，its absorbing rate is up to 40．28% and the corresponding desorption rate is 6．52%; the second are resin ( H，HBYX) ，its absorbing rate is as high as 32．96% and the desorption rate is 9．61%．

Gray water footprint is a quantified indicator for water pollution． The paper calculates the gray water footprint and analyzes the degree of water quality pollution in Shandong Province． The ESDA model is applied to study the global and local spatial autocorrelation of the gray water footprint intensity． The spatial concentration maps about the grey footprint intensity are built and the negative effects of water environment under the economic growth are measured． The results indicate that during 2001－2014，in Shandong province，municipal grey water footprint shows a trend of decline and the water pollution pressure reduces year by year; cities in Shandong province of grey water footprint load coefficient are too large，indicating that the water pollution is serious，and the difference of regional pollution degree is large; The grey water footprint intensity has a decreasing tendency in cities which means that the influence of the economic development on water pollution has decreased and the negative effects of water environment has been alleviated; The grey water footprint intensity in Shandong province has rising global spatial autocorrelation，which means that there exists a spatial cluster feature and the spatial cluster feature among different cities has become more and more obvious． The regions with HH correlation pattern are mainly located in the west of Shandong province，while the regions with LL correlation pattern are mainly located in the eastern of Shandong province and have an obvious diffusing tendency． The study results provide the reference for the government departments to evaluate the water pollution status and decide the policies of controlling water pollution and protecting water ecological civilization.

Agriculture is the pillar estate of Xinjiang． As the main crops of Xinjiang，cotton，wheat，and corn are the important points to promote agricultural water saving and also the important economic link between agricultural production and farmers＇ income increasing． The reasonability of the cultivation structure has great effects on the water resources utilization efficiency in Xinjiang． Through the calculation of the deviation value of water resources utilization structure in various regions of Xinjiang，the agricultural water use efficiency in different regions of Xinjiang are analyzed，and the influence of the cultivated area changes of cotton，maize and wheat on the structural deviation of water resources utilization in Xinjiang is calculated． Based on it，this paper analyzes the relationship between the agricultural planting structure and agricultural water saving efficiency in Xinjiang，and provides some basis for the optimal allocation of Xinjiang water resources in the future．

Agricultural irrigation water amount accounts for about 95 percent of the general soc-economic water of Xinjiang． Facing the problem of water resources shortage，it is important to vigorously develop water saving irrigation． In all Corps，cotton acreage is the largest in Xinjiang． So cotton should undertake the obligation and responsibility of water saving irrigation． This paper analyzes the impact of cotton support policy on water saving irrigation by using Least Square Method． The result shows that increases the financial investment and agricultural credit funds have a promotive effect on water saving． Finally，some suggestions are put forward to accelerate the development of the water saving irrigation in Xinjiang．

Optimizing the rice irrigation system is the key to solve the two pressing problems of the food security and the water shortage． In this paper，starting from the evaluation method of rice irrigation system research，in order to solve the problem of poor objectivity of index weight assignment for traditional rice irrigation system evaluation，the projection pursuit model optimized by particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed and applied to evaluate the rice irrigation system． In this method，the projection pursuit model is set up with a plurality of state variables，the projection direction is optimized，and the size of the projected value is compared to evaluate the rice irrigation system to avoid human disturbance． This paper selects two important reproductive stages，the rice tillering and grouting，respectively to set up a model and evaluate four irrigation modes． The evaluation result is consistent with the actual situation，which verifying the feasibility and accuracy of the method．

Filter is the core equipment in drip irrigation system． For the good filtration performance，the screen filter has guaranteed drip irrigation system running well，and it is widely used for agricultural irrigation system in the northwest of China ( especially in Xinjiang) ． However，lots of problems are encountered in the process of application，such as cleaning not well and clogging． Therefore，based on the comprehensive discussion about the clogging factor and its mechanism of strainer of screen filter，the clogging factors are fully analyzed in detail from the aspects of water quality，different filter screen types，back flushing design and the chemical effect of integral control of water and fertilization on strainer，and then corresponding measures are proposed． The result provides a new way for deeply researching the mechanism of strainer clogging and solving the problem of strainer clogging． It also provides theoretical foundation for developing better agricultural drip irrigation equipment in the northwest region．

Agricultural water pricing reform is one of the essential policies to suppress the pumping of groundwater in Huang Huai Hai Plain． This paper is based on the field research in regions of comprehensive controlling of over-draft in Hebei Province，and uses the method of cross-analysis and binary logistic model to analyze the influencing factors for farmers’willingness to save water on the assumption that agricultural water pricing reform is applied． The survey result shows that 75．32% of the farmers do not have the willingness to save water on the assumption． The research results show that the farmers who are older or whose farmlands have participated in the Ｒecuperate policy have stronger willingness to save water on the assumption; the farmers who hold the idea that saving water in spring’s irrigation will cause yield decrease of wheat have less willingness to save water on the assumption． Thus，this paper draws the following three policy implications: promoting breeding techniques for drought tolerance in crops and field irrigation technology; strengthening propaganda and training of saving water; designing and implementing the systematic and comprehensive agricultural water pricing reform

Irrigation Decision Support System Based on real-time weather information can implement automation and intelligent irrigation management through the combineation with irrigation forecast model． This paper describes the mathematical model，the system structure and functions of irrigation decision support system based on real-time weather information． Compared to existing irrigation management system，this system improves irrigation scheme development process，increases the real-time weather forecasts irrigation schemes correction function，and provides intelligent human intervention functions． In addition，the system combines the features of irrigation management and data analysis techniques，the use of regression analysis to solve the problem of missing data or errors due to extreme weather to provide accurate irrigation decisions． Practical application shows that this system has high accuracy and usefulness，and can provide forceful scientific means for irrigation water management．

In order to solve the problem of precision irrigation of Tomato in Sunlight Greenhouse，a monitoring and control system for bag cultivated greenhouse tomato is designed． This system uses the data collector to collect the related environmental factors in greenhouse，combines with the model of tomato growth and water consumption to calculated irrigation amount，and control the length of the solenoid valve opening and closing for precise irrigation through the irrigation controller． The results show that this system has certain reliability，increases the yield of tomato by 17．9% and saves water resources by 35．4% than the traditional artificial irrigation mode． So it is suitable for the precise irrigation of Tomato in Greenhouse．