Xinjiang is an important grape production base in China． But salinization and water shortage cause serious reduction in production every year． Ditching and mulched drip irrigation technologyl combines the advantages of drip irrigation under mulch and ditching technology， can effectively improved the soil and water environment of crop growth in theory． In order to study the effect of ditching and mulched drip irrigation technology for grape on soil water and temperature changes，the EM50 is used to monitor the soil moisture and temperature in the experiment in the experimental farmland of 6th company，147th regiment in Shihezi． The results show that: ① under the condition of the ditching mode of 20 cm × 100 cm and the irrigation quota of 300 m3 /h2 ，either in the film or film side，the soil moisture maintains at 0．22～ 0．38 before or after irrigation，which can meet the crop root water absorption; when increasing irrigation quota，the water-logged zone area on the surface of drip belt increases due to the film mulching，so the saturated zone is formed under the drip emitter and the infiltration rate is accelerated; with the increase of trenching depth，the soil moisture does not change obviously in the plastic film mulching，while it shows a downward trend in the film side． ②The results of temperature monitoring shows that whether in the temperature rise period ( 12 PM) or in the drops period ( 24 PM) ，the soil temperature change range is 15～ 31 ℃，which can provide a good temperature environment for grape growth and is beneficial for improving the yield and quality of grape．

The relationship between the spad and agronomic trait in pustulation period of rice grain under mulched drip irrigation are studied by using the japonica varieties t－43 as experimental materia． The results show that the spad play a decisive role in agronomic trait in postulation period under mulched drip irrigation; the LAI gets the maximum value at heading stage; the statistical features of yield indicate that skewness coefficient and kurtosis coefficient are accord with normal distribution; LAI is positively correlated with yield at heading stage． 

In order to study the water consumption law of Alfalfa and optimize the existing irrigation regime in Hetao Irrigation District，different irrigation levels are set up to study the first two-crops alfalfa based on field experiment． The results show that bud stage and flowering stage are the vigorous stages of alfalfa; in this two stages，the soil water deficit will directly affect the yield of alfalfa; the sensitivity index are 0．103～ 0．731 and 0．041～ 0．375 for the first two-crops alfalfa，and it is the largest at the bud stage and flowering stage，which means that the two growth stages are the key stages for the growth of alfalfa． Based on Jensen model，the least squares method is used to optimize the irrigation regime of the two-crop alfalfa． It is proposed that the irrigation quota suitable for the first crop is 1 400 m3 /hm2 ，and for the second crop is 2 300 m3 /hm2 ; the optimal irrigation times is 4 and 5 times，respectively.

Through field experiment，the effects of delay irrigation on the yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat are studied and the results show that: there is no significant difference in yield and water use efficiency when comparing winter watering delay 20 days irrigation treatment with optimized irrigation treatment; water use efficiency will significantly reduce in dry years and significantly improve in wet years when irrigation delayed 20 days at jointing stage; the production will significantly increase in dry years when irrigation at grain filling stage delayed 20 days． The relationship among the total water consumption，water use rate and yield is comprehensive analyzed． The methods for winter wheat irrigation in semi-arid areas is put forward that in order to obtain the appropriate yield and higher water use efficiency of winter wheat，the grouting water irrigation delayed 20 days in dry years and the jointing water irrigation delayed 20 days in wet years．

Starting from farmland water cycle in semiarid area and taking Jianping county in the western Liao River semiarid basin as a representative，this paper studies the influence of farmland surface treatment methods on rainfall infiltration，through artificial rainfall simulation and orthogonal test with three factors and three levels． For comprehensive understanding，this study chooses three rainfall infiltration influence factors，including rain intensity ( 10，20，30 mm/h) ，initial soil water content( 50%，60%，70% of the field holding water rate) and farmland surface treatment methods ( flat land，Ridging but no covered，Ridging and covered) ． The results show that the influence of the surface treatment on the rainfall infiltration is controlled by the rainfall intensity; rainfall intensity is the main influence factor for the maximum rainfall accumulation infiltration amount; the influence of soil initial moisture content is small; the effect of ridging and covered surface treatment on rainfall infiltration is mainly reflected in speeding the wetting front moving，shortening the infiltration time and reducing rainfall cumulative infiltration．

The experimental study on the relationship between water requirement and wheat yield is conducted in this paper． The results show that the relationship between water requirement and wheat yield is quadratic parabola relationship with the function as y = 0．434 1 x2+348．66 x－67 248; in the whole growth period，the water requirement intensity in wheat seedling stage is the minimum，while that in the jointing stage to maturity stage gradually increases with the advance of growth stage and reaches the peak at booting to ripening stage，which means that jointing stage to booting stage is the exuberant growth period of wheat． The experimental results provide the reference for the decision of Guizhou wheat irrigation schedule．

Aiming at the problem that the gravel land will be ageing and disabled and inconvenient for repeatedly plowing，the experiment is conducted with different mulch materials in barren land． Through analyzing the change of soil moisture content at 0～ 60 cm depth，photosynthetic rate，the change of soil temperature，output and physiologic index under different mulch materials，the results show that the intensity of concrete slabs made by local sandstone and plenty pulverized coal ash can meet the demands of planting watermelon，and has the better economic efficiency，durability，moisture capacity and thermal Insulation． The physiologic index of watermelon using this kind concrete slab is outstanding． At the same time，it effectively reduces the mixing in the land and is easy for rotation tillage． Using this kind of concrete slab to planting watermelon puts forward new ideas for improving the gravel land

Drip irrigation under mulch is an important method for high efficiency and water saving irrigation in arid agricultural area． Based on the measured data from Shihezi experimental station in Manasi River Valley，HYDRUS-2D model is used to simulate 2D soil water movement of the style of one mulch with four rows in Xinjiang cotton field，and the soil water balance of drip irrigation under film with the style of one mulch with four rows is discussed． The results suggest that the drip irrigation under film with the style of one mulch with four rows can greatly reduce the invalid evaporation and deep seepage，the numerical simulation method can be used to simulate the soil water balance in Xinjiang cotton field． The study can provide a reference for the simulation and research of drip irrigation under mulch on the macro scale，and it also has a positive effect on agricultural production in arid areas． 

In order to study the effects of saline water mulched drip irrigation on salt transport and tomato yield，an experiment is conducted in Hetao，Inner Mongolia． Three irrigation treatments are set up，including freshwater irrigation with quota of 30 mm，saline water irrigation with quota of 30 mm and saline water irrigation with quota of 37．5 mm． Each treatment is repeated 3 times and randomly arranged． The results show that the HCO－ 3，Cl － Na + and K+ are easy to move with water，the effect of leaching is obvious when the saline water irrigation quota is 37．5 mm; the adsorption ability of SO2－ 4 ，Ca2+ and Mg2+ with soil colloid is stronger and not easy to move along with the movement of water，the leaching effect is not obvious; after harvesting tomato，in the autumn or next spring，watering with fresh water is needed to prevent salt harm of saline water irrigation; the irrigation quota of saline water irrigation increase by 1 /4 than that of fresh water． 

The growth characteristics and photosynthesis of lyceum，which grown in Hong De Cun of Hongsipu zone，was studied under different irrigation quota condition． The results showed that the diurnal variation of photosynthetic rate of lycium showed a double peak type，the peak respectively were at 11 ∶ 00 and 15 ∶ 00; the photosynthetic rate reached the highest，16．01 CO2μmol /( m2 ·s) ，under the condition of the irrigation quota of 135 m3 /hm2 ，which were 22．75% and 52．95% higher than that under the condition of the irrigation quota of of 67． 5 and 0 m3 /hm2 ; the new slightly growth length and diameter growth of lycium increased with the increase of irrigation quota; when the irrigation quota is 135 m3 /hm2 ，the new slightly growth length and diameter growth amount reached the maximum as 31．5 cm and 0．618 cm，respectively，which higher than that under the condition of the irrigation quota of 67．5 m3 /hm2 ，by 50．71% and 28．57%，respectively． Therefore，according to the local water resources and economic benefit situation，the best irrigation quota was 135 m3 /hm2 ． 

Based on series of field test data during seasonal freezing-thawing period，the spatiotemporal variation of unsaturated soil water content under water and fertilizer coupling conditions is explored． The results show that water content of N0W0 is low irrigation plots before freezing; in the fast freezing stage，the water movement is mainly driven by the additional matric potential formed by the freezing action，the higher moisture content area occurs at 20～ 50 cm depth; the peak of water content of N500W750 and N300W375 are higher than other treatments; the soil moisture accumulation area extends to 60cm and the moisture content peaks downs to 50 cm，the values in descending order is N300 W750，N300W375，N500W750，N0W0，N500W375，N100W750，N100W375 in stably freezing phase; N300 and N500 are higher than the natural water storage of 0～ 60 cm in post-thaw; the disappearance of irrigation effect delays as the depth increases in the epipedon; the peak of water content of N500W750 and N300W375 occurs 7 days earlier than N0W0，the water content of 30～ 40 cm after irrigation is higher than N0W0，and the occurrence time of the peak water content decreases with the increase of fertilizer amount，N500W750 and N300W375 enhance the soil retention capability in the ablation period; the peak water content of N300W750 and N300W375 at 50～ 60 cm depth are higher and the increase amplitude are 2．00% and 0．9%，respectively，in the ablation period． The absolute correlation degree between the treatments and N0W0 decreases with the increase of depth，which indicates that the effect of irrigation and fertilization treatments on the dynamic of water content of 0～ 60 cm also decreases with the increase of depth during freezing and thawing period．

In order to find reasonable irrigation model to improve irrigation water use efficiency，the influence of different oil sunflower irrigation modes on soil moisture，salt content is analyzed and the economic benefit is compared． The experiment includes four treatments: without irrigation ( CK) ，irrigation 1 ( flowering period) ，irrigation 2 times ( flowering，grain filling each time) ，irrigation three times ( budding， flowering and grain filling stage each time) ，and the irrigation amount of each treatment is 900 m3 /hm2 ． Each treatment is repeated three times and randomly arranged． The results show that: the irrigation 2 times treatment has the best effect in reducing soil salt content of 0～ 20 cm soil layer and lowering the pH value，it significantly increases the yield of oil sunflower and economic benefits by 91% and 117% than the CK treatment． It can be concluded that irrigation 2 times treatment model is conducive to the normal growth and development of oil sunflower， can reduce soil salinization，inhibit the plow layer in salt accumulation，and can significantly increase yield and economic benefit of oil sunflower． So it is the best irrigation mode for oil sunflower．

Water sample were collected in April，July，October，January from 2013 to 2015 respectively to explore the water quality condition of Xinghai lake． Based on the investigation of water environment factors in temporal and spatial distribution characteristics in Xinghai lake，the water quality was evaluated by BP neural network method and grey relation method，and the eutrophication assessment was conducted by comprehensive trophic state index method． The results showed that the water environment factors presented obviously seasonal change， the water quality was mainly at Ⅱ～Ⅲ grade，and the eutrophication degree was light in Xinghai lake．

In this paper，the Yitong River Watershed was selected as a study case，on the basis of the built digital platform of Yitong River Watershed，the SWAT Model was combined with the environmental economics methods to estimate the loss of agricultural non-point source pollution in research area in order to provide scientific basis decision support for the prevention and management of agricultural non-point source pollution in Yitong River Watershed． The results showed that: the agricultural non-point source pollution model could achieve accuracy requirements in Yitong River Watershed，so the model could be used to calculate agricultural non-point source pollution load in Yitong River Watershed; the load of sediment，TN and TP were largest in 2010 and the smallest in 2011; the soil erosion was mostly caused by arable land in Yitong River Watershed，accounting for 96% of the total amount; the loss of agricultural non-point source pollution was equivalent to approximately RMB 528．45 million every year in Yitong River Watershed; the greater the annual rainfall，more serious the losses; overall， the loss value of agricultural non-point source pollution from large to small was in order as TN，sedimentation，TP，and abandoned land．

The Palmer drought severity index of Chao Yang district is calculated based on the daily precipitation and temperature data of six monitoring stations from 1952 to 2015 and decomposed by wavelet for multi-resolution analysis． The drought temporal-variation characteristic indexes，such as grades，frequency，coverage，cycle and mutation are investigated． The results show that the inter-annual and seasonal drought present increasing trends in Chaoyang district; autumn-drought is the most serious，summer-drought is the second，and drought in winter and spring is lighter; the annual and four-seasonal drought occurrence frequency is 5．72，1．3，1．59，1．56，and 1．41 months，respectively，and the corresponding draught coverage is 82．6%，38．0%，48．2%，47．9% and 37．0%，respectively; drought mutation is very familiar in summer and autumn，especially in 1980s and drought appears with several cycles nesting each other．

In order to explore the effect of water quality of Heilongjiang River on domestic water and agricultural irrigation，the four indexes， including dissolved oxygen，permanganate index，ammonia and pH，are selected as the analysis objects，the weekly water quality monitoring data over the past year of the four sections，including Mohe Arctic village，Daxinganling Huma，Heihe and Yichun Jiayin，is pretreated，and the matter element analysis model is used to comprehensively evaluate the water quality of main stream of Helongjiang river． Based on the monitoring result，the grey forecast model is used to predict the monitoring indexes of the regions in the next 26 weeks． The evaluation results show that: the water quality of the Mohe Arctic village section and the Daxinganling Huma section is mainly class I and class Ⅱ，the water quality of Heihe section is mainly class Ⅱ and class Ⅲ，and the water quality of Yichun Jiayin section is mainly class I and class Ⅲ; over the next 26 weeks，the water quality of the Mohe Arctic village section and the Daxinganling Huma section will be good，the potassium permanganate concentration will be high in the Heihe section，and both the potassium permanganate and ammonia concentration will be high in Yichun Jiayin section． The study results show that water quality of Heilongjiang River can basically meet the need of domestic water and agricultural irrigation; it is feasible to use the matter element analysis method and grey forecasting model for water quality evaluation and prediction．

Agricultural water price compensation is the key for addressing the problems of farmers＇ low bearing capacity，facilitating the normal operation of water-supply department and promoting the water price revolution course． On the basis of the analysis of references about agricultural water price compensation，the game theory is used to discuss the compensation problem and the government compensation amount is gotten． Meanwhile，the meaning of compensation is analyzed，which includes the water-using compensation amount and the water-saving compensation amount． In addition，through analysis，it is found that the ＇prisoner＇s dilemma＇ between farmers，which means farmers choosing not to collaborate and save water，will still happen after water price is increased and the compensation is given by the government． Therefore，the intervention and counseling from government is needed to get the win-win situation of individuals and collective benefit．

Management and protection mechanism has become the important content affecting the sustainable application of the irrigation and water conservancy facilities． Improving facilities management performance is of great significance to promote agricultural modernization． With the characteristics of convenience and efficiency，the role of the farmer water users＇ association ( WUA) in the management of water conservancy facilities is continuously highlighting，but its membership service ability and organizational ability need to be improved． In order to help the rural infrastructure construction，improve the facilities management capacity of WUA and promote its own strategic development，on the basis of the balanced scorecard，the irrigation and water conservancy facilities management performance of WUA is evaluated from four aspects，including the management effectiveness，member services，internal management，learning and development.

The exchange of agricultural water rights is helpful to improve the efficiency of agricultural water use and promote the industrial structure optimization in water-deficient areas，which is important for the corresponding regions． Based on the multi-agent model method，this paper studies the influence of land transfer on the water saving will of farmers and the agricultural safety，and analyzes the agent behaviors under four different supervision regulations，including free market，supervision focused on agriculture，supervision focused on industry and supervision on both agriculture and industry． The results implies that land transfer has positive effect on the agricultural safety and the excitation on water saving will of farmers，and regulating the water rights trading behavior of the industrial companies is an effective measure to guarantee the agricultural production safety through．

According to water shortage of northern Hubei province，the results of experiment of Changqu experimental irrigation station were adopted． The rice growth model was built． According to the different lower limit of irrigation and irrigation quotas，the different irrigation modes were set． The different irrigation modes were optimized with the rice growth model． The appropriate irrigation mode was proposed． On this basis the water saving potential of the different water saving irrigation modes was analyzed．

Aiming at the existing problems in the promotion of high efficient water-saving irrigation，fertigation，fields covering with straws， improving soil fertility in the agricultural production in arid and semi-arid regions，the root-zone same height irrigation，as a new type comprehensive matching technique for farmland water-saving integration is proposed． The technique fuses irrigation，fertigation and fields covering with straws to achieve the high efficient water-saving innovation by combining agricultural machinery and agronomic technology． This paper preliminarily discusses the related concept，implementation mode and functional localization of the comprehensive technique and analyzes the prospect of the root-zone same height irrigation technique．

To solve the problem of the low degree for automation irrigation of main farming groups in China，a field wireless precision irrigation system is designed based on soil moisture sensor MS10． The system is composed of three major components，including PC monitoring system，wireless data transmission channel and lower machine data acquisition． The system can automatically control the electromagnetic valve according to the range of soil moisture，which is set by the users at PC． The sensor is based on the frequency domain reflection ( FDR) principle with high precision and fast response． The overall system is stable with low power consumption and easy operation，which has good practical value and marketing value．