Based on the field observation experiment，this paper analyses the effects of drip irrigation＇s ridging and film on rainfall infiltration from three aspects of infiltration quantity，infiltration depth and wetting front transport rate through observing the soil water content before and after rainfall of four underlying types，including flat bare land，surface irrigation area，drip irrigation area without film，and drip irrigation area under film． The results show that infiltration depth is mainly affected by rainfall conditions; the water collection effects of ridging can increase the transport rate of wetting front，moreover，the shorter the rainfall duration，the greater the rainfall，the more obvious the effect; the dual functions of water resisting and collection of mulching film can cause significant imbalance of soil water potential in horizontal direction; both the infiltration quantity and the wetting front transport rate of the treatment of drip irrigation under film are smaller than those of other three surface forms，however，increasing the rainfall quantity or rainfall intensity will weaken the difference caused by plastic film

Through the comparison of soil water content at different growth stages and soil water content for three consecutive days after irrigation of three treatments of bed-planting with strew mulching ( M1 ) ，bed-planting without strew mulching ( M2 ) and bed-planting with deep scarification ( M3 ) ，the purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of different treatments on soil water storage，water consumption and soil water change． The results show that the rank of average soil water content is M1＞M2＞M3 for the whole growth period; when the soil water content is large，the rank of soil water uptake is M3＞ M2＞M1 ; the rank of water retention effect is M1 ＞M2 ＞M3 ; straw mulching and deep scarification will cause significant differences in test results，and more significant for M1 ． It is recommended that maize cultivation is conducted in a combination of ridge tillage and straw mulching．

In shiyang river basin, for research corn membrane integration technology of drip irrigation system filter blocking factors, the plugging mechanism and filtering system operation optimization model, according to the corn fertilizing system of irrigation and drip irrigation system arrangement, the effects of N, P, K fertilizer applying situation of three groups separately only has one rank filters (screen 80 mesh , disc 80 mesh , disc 40 mesh) and 6 group contains the secondary filter (screen 120 mesh , disc 120 mesh) of system congestion degree, head loss and the influence of discharge. Results show that the one of three groups primary filter (screen 80 mesh , disc 80 mesh , disc 40 mesh) is the screen 80 mesh filter which not only head loss is relatively small, flow drop is not big but can relatively prolonged blockage of capillary; Group 2 secondary filter (screen 120 mesh , disc 120 mesh) of fold type 120 mesh strainer anti-clogging for a long time, low degree of congestion, small head loss. So the level of net type 80 mesh, the secondary fold type 120 mesh filter is a filtering effect is best in a set of combinations, the highest liquid fertilizer utilization.

The reasonable irrigation system of winter wheat can reach the effect of increasing yield and saving water. 3 years of winter wheat irrigation experiment was conducted in Jinghuiqu Irrigation Area, the test set of 8 irrigation treatments, each treatment was repeated 2 times. Based on the data of field trials, studied the effect of irrigation at different growth stages on wheat yield and water use efficiency, in order to determine the appropriate irrigation system under different rainfall year. The results indicated that under the same irrigation ration，different irrigation periods had significant effect on yield, when the drought appeared in the early growth stage, winter irrigation is the basic guarantee of winter wheat yield. During jointing stage and heading stage, soil moisture has a great influence on the growth of winter wheat, which is the key period for the growth and development of winter wheat. In 2013-2014(75% dry years)the optimization irrigation schedule for winter wheat was three times of irrigation in Pre-sowing water, jointing stage and filling stage, irrigation quota is 2700m3/hm2; In 2014-2015and 2015-2016(50%flat water)the best appropriate irrigation system is was three times of irrigation in overwintering stage, jointing stage and heading&filling stage, irrigation quota is 3412.5m3/hm2.Research results of Jinghuiqu Irrigation Area in reasonable irrigation, agricultural water-saving and provide some guidance.

Drought and soil salinization has become one of the major limitations of agricultural development in the arid and semi-arid area in China． Carrying out drip irrigation soil water salt dynamic change research has important theoretical and practical significance for preventing soil salinization，alleviating water resources stress situation and improving utilization efficiency of soil and water resources． In this study，field experiments were conducted to study the characteristics of water and salt dynamics，cotton yield and water use efficiency of cotton under mulch drip irrigation with different irrigation quota． The results shows that under the drip irrigation scheme with irrigation quota of 250 m3 / hm2 and 6 irrigation times，the soil tillage layer can be in good water salt environment，soil salt accumulation will not happen in the surface， the soil total salt content of 0～ 100 cm layer in cotton growth period shows an increasing trend，but the salt accumulation is less than 0．3 t / hm2 ． So the above scheme is the best drip irrigation scheme for cotton．

Based on the land infiltration test data of the Loess Plateau，the parameters of the Kostiakov infiltration model were predicted by using two algorithms of support vector machine and BP neural network with the input parameters of the soil water content，bulk density，clay content，silt particle content and organic matter． And the relative errors of the prediction results were analyzed． The results showed that the maximum relative error value and the average relative error value of the prediction results of infiltration coefficient and infiltration index by using support vector machine were both smaller than those by using BP neural network while the least relative error value was bigger． The stability of the prediction results by support vector machine was better than that by BP neural network and the precision was higher． The results enriched the research trend of determining infiltration parameters with pedo-transfer functions and provided a theoretical basis for the selection of the method to obtain more precise infiltration parameter

The water distribution uniformity has a direct impact on the irrigation quality of micro -spraying belt． The laser raindrop spectrometer is an instrument for measuring rainfall intensity，raindrops particle size and raindrops falling velocity． In this paper，the domestic common mechanical drilling micro-spraying hose with the diameter of 32 mm is selected as the research object，by adjusting the pressure and injection angle and using laser raindrop spectrometer to measure rainfall intensity，the influence of pressure and injection angle on single hole rainfall intensity is analyzed，and the general formula of water distribution uniformity coefficient is used to calculating Cu． The results show that: with the increase of the injection angle，the irrigation intensity decreases first and then increases; the greater the pressure， the smaller the single hole rainfall intensity; at the points with the vertical distance of 0．3，0．6，1．5，1．8，2．1 m to micro-spraying belt，the greater the pressure，the smaller the rainfall intensity，and the water distribution uniformity coefficient，Cu，of the treatment with the rainfall intensity peak at 1．2 m vertical distance is larger． 

Through laboratory test in soil－box，this paper studied the three types of drip irrigation belt ( pipe) ( single wing labyrinth drip irrigation belt，the chip drip irrigation belt and the mosaic column emitter type drip irrigation pipe) which was often used in China，the change regulation of subsurface drip irrigation wetting body had been reveal on the typical soil clay loam，loam and sandy loam respectively in Inner Mongolia，concluded that With the flow rate increased，the wetted body first increased and then decreased，the higher the viscosity， the reducing amplitude was greater; It should not be used too high pressure and large flow of drip irrigation belt generaliy，the flow would be blocked in clay soil with large flow drip irrigation belt，the deep layer leakage would be caused in sandy soil with large flow drip irrigation belt，the drip irrigation belt that the flow rate was less than the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity should be choosed generaliy

In this paper，irrigating date and irrigation quantity are used as decision variables，combined with the multi-year precipitation data and the water consumption of maize in the growth period，the optimization is conducted with the optimal target of the maximum average value and the minimum variance of multi-year crop yield and the minimum total irrigation amount in maize growth period． The results show that: under the condition of two irrigation times and the irrigation amount of 85 mm and 75 mm at jointing stage to tasselling stage，from tasselling stage to grain filling stage，respectively，the relative yield can reach 98．2% and the variance order can reach 10－5 ，which proves that the optimized irrigation schedule has strong adaptability in the study area．

In the past, there are some problems which are pertinence is not strong and complex structure, in the prediction model of water surface evaporation, in the same time, in the process of indexes screening, there is a problem of strong subjectivity. In view of these problems, the improved BP Neural Network is proposed. Grey correlation method is used to calculate the correlation degree between each predictor and the predictor, Using index information evaluation method to determine the optimal combination of forecasting factors, according to the selected predicted factors, the structure of BP neural network is determined and the model is calculated by the selected predicted factors. The percent of pass of forecast result is 70%. It shows that the improved BP neural network model has strong applicability.

Aiming at the problems of incompatibility and dimension disaster of agricultural water resources utilization efficiency indexes，the high-dimensional sub -space is projected into the low-dimensional subspace by genetic projection pursuit model． The optimal projection direction is used to judge the contribution value of each evaluation index and direction，and to evaluate the agricultural water use efficiency． This paper selects 18 indicators related to resource utilization efficiency，economic benefit and ecological benefit to explores the agricultural water resources utilization efficiency of 5 cities in Ningxia in 2015． The projection direction of the evaluation standard is optimized to determine the sample projection． The classification and evaluation of agricultural water use efficiency in each region are carried out according to the projection pursuit grade evaluation model． The results are a good reflection of the contribution and directionality of the indicators to the comprehensive evaluation objectives and the utilization efficiency of the evaluation subunits． It is consistent with the actual situation． So the research results can provide decision-making reference for regional optimal allocation of agricultural water resources． 

Under the background of Yellow Ｒiver diversion quantity decreasing and water saving development in a large scale，in order to study the effect of channel lining on the soil and water environment of Hetao Irrigation Area，this paper analyzed the environmental effect of typical demonstration area of Longsheng Water Saving Ｒeconstruction Project． The result shows that the environmental change in the demonstration area is mainly related to the irrigation amount． The canal lining effectively improves the utilization coefficient of irrigation water and has certain influence on the groundwater level and soil salinization． In order to control the soil salinization in the irrigation area，the threshold value of the groundwater table in the demonstration area is 1．6 to 1．8 m，and the appropriate water diversion in the west branch area is 16．45 million m to 18．5 million m3 ． The study results can provide theoretical basis for the water-saving reconstruction of irrigation area with the water-saving potential of 5．35 million m3 ． 

In order to explore the characteristics of rainfall change in Cheng-bi river reservoir basin under the changing climate，Linear Trend Analyze Method，Sliding Average Method，Anomaly Percentage，Variation Analysis and Arcgis Spatial Interpolation Method were applied to study the trend and variation of rainfall based on the rain-gauge data of eight stations from 1966 to 2015． The results indicated that: the precipitation of Cheng-bi river basin decreased with the inclination rate of -35．3 mm/10 a in the past 50 years，and the rainfall decreased progressively from northwest to southeast while the decrease rate of rainfall was roughly with an inverse change trend of rainfall in spatial distribution． The inner-annual variation of rainfall in this reservoir basin ranged from weak mutation to huge mutation and kept the same spatial distribution pace with the rainfall trend rate，and the mutation of southeast was the most significant area，while the spatial distribution of the intensity center of inter-annual mutation roughly changed reciprocally as the rhythm of focusing on reservoir area ( 60 s，80 s and 21 s) to scattering in the reservoir area ( 70 s and 90 s) ． With the combination of the analysis of temperature and evaporation data，it was found that the evaporation had the same decreasing trend as rainfall ( evaporation tendency rate was -24．2 mm/10 a) ，while temperature had a increased trend with the rate of 0．136 ℃ /10 a． Obviously，Cheng-bi river basin showed a dry-warming trend．

Based on the historical agriculture and irrigation statistic data，a method determining the irrigation development objectives in water resources planning was proposed． Causes of the increment of crop yield were divided into three parts: the increase of irrigation area，the increase of rain-feed area，and the development of agricultural technology． Their contributions were quantitatively estimated by taking Peru as a case study，resulted in the irrigation development objectives． That is，from the basis evaluation year ( 2015) to predictive planning year ( 2030) ，new development of 1． 5 million hectares irrigation area is required to meet the demand of population increase and economic development．

In order to study the influence of VG model parameters on the pressure head and solute transport，using NaCl as the simulation solute and the empirical parameters of loam as the reference parameters，a one-dimensional unsaturated model is constructed as the standard model with the help of Hydrus-1d software． And then the reference parameters are disturbed by 5% and 10% up and down and taken into the model，then the variation of pressure head and solute concentration with depth can be got． Finally the sensitivity analysis is conducted for each parameter． The results show that the influence of 5 parameters on pressure head and solute transport are not the same． The order of the sensitivity of the pressure head to the 5 parameters is θr ＜α＜n＜Ks ＜θs，while the order of the sensitivity of the solute transport to the 5 parameters is θr＜α＜Ks ＜θs ＜ n． Pressure head and solute transport are both positive with θr，n，Ks，the negative disturbance has a great influence on pressure head，while the positive disturbance has a great influence on solute transport． Pressure head and solute concentration are both negative with θs，α，the positive disturbance has a great influence on the pressure head，while the negative disturbance has a great influence on solute transport． The sensitivity index of pressure head to θs，Ks，n has an upward trend，while the trend to α and θr is increasing first and then decreasing． The sensitivity index of solute transport to θs，Ks，α，θr，n all increases firstly and then decreases． 

To solve the problem of soil moisture prediction for variable rate water operations in intelligent greenhouse system，a dynamic prediction model of soil moisture based on neural network is established． The model takes Delaunay triangulation point distribution method as the foundation，then divides the planting area into several discrete units． For each discrete unit，the soil sprinkler irrigation volume is blurred，and the change of soil moisture content per unit time is mapped into soil water potential change． Considering the spatial and temporal characteristics of soil，MATLAB is used to establish the prediction model of BP neural network and ＲBF Neural network，in which the soil moisture content，soil temperature and soil moisture content change per unit time are used as input and the water content of deep soil in the unit center at a future time is used as output． Eventually，based on the accuracy of the actual data validation model of greenhouse，after comparing these two neural network models，the ＲBF neural network model is turned out to be more practical，which lays the foundation for the realization of variable rate water operations in the greenhouse．

The absence of the relevant research on allocation of transferable agricultural water right not only limits the trade and the high effective arrangement of agricultural water use，but also affecting the institutional innovation of agricultural water right allocation，oasis economy transformation and the solution of agriculture issues． In this study，the definition of the allocation of transferable agricultural water right is given，and it＇s content，method and model in Tarim river basin is determined． Then by using the allocation model，the allocation of transferable agricultural water rights is calculated． The results are as follows: the allocation of transferable agricultural water right will induces the institutional innovation of agricultural water rights，promotes the adjustment of industrial structure and the transformation of oases economical structure in Tarim river basin． From 2015 to 2030，the allocation of transferable agricultural water right based on oasis ecological water right will be dominant; the allocation of transferable agricultural water right based on new industrial water rights and new life water rights is the lowest，which is the basis of the plan of the allocation of transferable agricultural water right． 

Based on the analysis of the water-saving potential conception in Ningmeng irrigation area of yellow river, Apply gaussian model based on the number of ecology and field survey to determine the reasonable groundwater level of the irrigation area, Analysis of the relationship between irrigation water and groundwater level; Calculation of reasonable irrigation quota by using the relationship between crop yield and water consumption function. Through reasonable groundwater level and typical crop irrigation quota to qualitative explain Ningmeng irrigation area of yellow river can not be unlimited water-saving. Taking Qingtongxia irrigation area for example, calculation of irrigation area and the surrounding ecological water demand, Quantitative analysis of water-saving potential based on ecological constraints. Results show: water-saving potential is small of the limit water-saving mode in Qingtongxia irrigation area, Far less than the traditional water-saving potential, Large scale water conservation will inevitably change the process of water cycle and groundwater recharge, which may affect the irrigation area and its surrounding vegetation and wetland.

Complex system is a system that structurally integrates multiple systems with different attributes，different functions with a unified development goal． Its internal structure is dynamic and contradictory． This paper analyzes the characteristics and rules of the comprehensive of the complex system combining water system with regional economic system and social system through taking Heilongjiang Province as an example． The three subsystems are considered as independent systems using the analytic hierarchy process as the weighting method in the process of evaluation． At the same time，a new model is built to evaluate the coordination degree of the multi compound system． The results of evolution law and the difference between cities ( regions) in the province of the coordination degree of complex system of water-economicsocial of Heilongjiang Province are obtained． In the end，this paper summarizes 5 different types of coordinated development according to the degree of coordination between subsystems． 

With the continuous improvement of modern agricultural technology，combined with the application of artificial intelligence and modern information technology，agricultural water-saving irrigation technology has gradually developed to the intelligent water-saving irrigation methods． In order to realize the water demand prediction of tea growing period and the automatic control of precision irrigation，a set of intelligent control system for tea garden irrigation based on wireless sensor network is designed． Through the two parts，the monitoring system and execution device，real -time monitoring of water tea in different growth period to soil moisture，temperature，salinity and other meteorological factors will be monitored． The monitoring data will be sent to the executive device through the wireless network and achieve precise irrigation control in tea field． The results show that the design of the system is reasonable and feasible and it can realize the precision irrigation，improve the scientific management level，and is reliable and stable．

The digital soil humidity sensor SM2801B with the advantages of low power consumption and fast reaction to humidity signal is adopted in the design． The filtering process of soil moisture data is conducted by the node with STC12C5A chip which is the core of controller，and then in accordance with TTL to 485 modules，the data is transmitted to the main controller with STM32 chip as the core． The state of the main controller is recorded and transmitted to the host computer． Based on the theory of virtual instrument technology，use LabVIEW development environment，the farmland soil moisture acquisition system is developed，which includes serial matching，data processing，calibrating，display，alarm of overrun，storage and historical data query module，and the real-time detection of farmland soil moisture in the virtual instrument development environment is realized．

Aiming at the main problems of the existing single-channel rotating micro-nozzle，including that the irrigation uniformity is not high and the big jitter of nozzle when spayed，et al．，the new nozzle with main channel and vice flow channel combined as one body is development． The irrigation uniformity can be improved and the jitter of nozzle is obviously decreased because the main flow channel controls the spray water in the distance area，and the vice flow channel controls the amount of spray water in the area near the nozzle，at same time， it can be ensured that the center of gravity of the rotating body is in the rotation of the rotating center line． The experiment results show that: under the three diameters，the flow exponent is 0．47 to 0．58，and the flow regime is the total turbulence state of non-pressure compensation． Compared with the traditional single -channel rotating micro -nozzle，the main and auxiliary channel micro -nozzle has better irrigation uniformity，reliable performance，and expansibility． It is of great importance to improve market share of the brand with independent intellectual property rights．

In view the problem of original furrow irrigation technical parameters of plastic film mulching cannot adapt to the reality request. Analyses water infiltration, fade and index of irrigation uniformity, etc under the design of the condition of different technical parameters ridge film furrow irrigation. The results show that appropriate ridge film furrow irrigation technical parameters design can improve the irrigation uniformity, decrease into the ditch flow, extend the length of the irrigation ditch. In practice if ditch slope in 1/500, the suitable irrigation quota of 375~525 m3/hm2, into the ditch flow was 0.8~1.0L/s, corrugation length of 60 m; Ditch slope in 1/1000 when appropriate irrigation quota of 375 ~ 525 m3/hm2, into the ditch flow was 0.8~1.0L/s, corrugation length of 60 m. If irrigation quota is more than 525 m3/hm2, then into the ditch. If into the ditch flow rate is less than 0.6 L/s, under the condition of slope of 1/500~1/1000. flow reduced corrugation of length should not be more than 40 m. Research results provided ridge furrow irrigation technology popularization and application of membrane technology support.