In order to explore the effect of aeration on the growth of cotton seedlings under irrigation with brackish water, the barrel planting experiment of cotton irrigated with aerated brackish water was carried out. Four irrigation water conductivity levels were set, namely W1 (0.6 mS/cm), W2 (4 mS/cm), W3 (7 mS/cm) and W4 (10 mS/cm), and two air volume (S1 without air and S2 with air), a total of eight treatments were set to study the effects of different treatments on plant height, leaf area, stem diameter, net photosynthetic rate, biomass, root configuration and growth physiology of cotton seedlings. The results showed that under a certain aeration treatment, the conductivity of irrigation water had a significant effect on the growth and physiological indexes of cotton seedlings. Under the aerated treatment, the conductivity value was 0.6 mS/cm. Compared with the other three conductivity values, the daily increment of plant height and leaf area increased by 18.43% and 21.03% on average. The fresh biomass and dry biomass of stems, leaves and roots increased by 16.15% and 20.00% respectively. The root length density, average root diameter and root volume increased by 12.00%, 7.94% and 7.61% respectively. With the increase of conductivity value, the photosynthetic performance of cotton seedlings gradually decreased. Under the same irrigation water conductivity, the daily increment of plant height and leaf area increased by 8.11% and 10.24% respectively, the total fresh weight and total dry weight of stem, leaf and root increased by 8.72% and 13.10% respectively, and the root length density, average root diameter and root volume increased by 2.00%, 2.80% and 2.87% respectively, and the photosynthetic performance of cotton seedlings after aerated treatment was stronger than that without aerated treatment. The combination of irrigation water conductivity of 0.6 mS/cm and aeration treatment is the most suitable for the growth of cotton seedlings. Therefore, in the absence of fresh water resources, brackish water can be used for irrigation and aeration treatment at the same time, so as to reduce the impact of brackish water on the growth of cotton seedlings.

Based on the uncertainty of model parameters, a multi-objective optimal allocation model of agricultural water resources was established to achieve the synergy of the net income maximization and irrigation water loss minimization. The carbon footprint and transfer of surface water and groundwater were introduced into the model as constraints. With the aim of optimizing the allocation of irrigation water in each growth stage of crops, the model was applied to Fenhe irrigation district in Shanxi Province. The results showed that the economic objective decreased significantly when the precipitation changed from normal to drought. The lower limit value of economic benefit objective decreased from 0.676 0 billion yuan (P=50%) to 0.502 5 billion yuan (P=75%), and the corresponding upper limit decreased from 0.779 1 billion^{yuan (P=50%) to 0.655 0 billion yuan (P=75%). Agricultural water resources should be allocated to the growth stages with high water sensitivity index, such as jointing–heading stage and heading-filling stage for wheat and jointing-heading stage for maize. The carbon sequestration capacity of the two crops reached [0.685 1, 0.753 3] billiontons in normal year and [0.567 3, 0.665 1] billiontons in partial drought year. This study can provide a model reference for the optimal allocation of agricultural water resources in other irrigated areas.}

In order to find the reasonable amount of water and biochar in North China, and to provide a theoretical basis for enhancing grain yield, a field experiment with three biochar rates was conducted to investigate the effects of biochar on soil moisture content, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter and yield under different irrigation quotas. In the experiments, two levels of irrigation, i.e. I1 (67.5 mm) and I2 (121.5 mm), and three levels of biochar, i.e. B0 (no biochar), B1 (20 t/hm³), B2 (40 t/ hm³) were set to study the effects of irrigation and biochar on soli moisture content, chlorophyll content(SPAD), photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter and yield of summer maize. The preliminary results showed that biochar increased surface soil water content significantly and reduced water leakage to deep soil. Biochar application at lower rates (B1) increased SPAD of summer maize leaves at seedling stage significantly and reduced senescence degree of leaves at mature stage, whereas biochar application at higher rates (B2) weakened this effect. Biochar application significantly increased net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs), reduced intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci). Compared to other treatments, B2 treatment had the most significant impact on the photosynthetic characteristics. Increasing irrigation amount could increase Pn by reducing Ci and promoting CO₂ participation in photosynthesis, but the advantage of high irrigation amount was no longer obvious under B2 treatment. Biochar and irrigation both increased dry matter accumulation significantly and harvest index of summer maize, I2B1 was the treatment with the largest increase. B1 treatment had the largest increase in dry matter translocation yield, but the largest dry matter translocation rate was observed in the B2 treatment. Irrigation and biochar had an interactive effect on yield. The yield had different trends with the change of biochar application amount under different irrigation quota and I1B2, I2B1 had the highest yield under I1 and I2 respectively. In general, I2B1(121.5 mm, 20 t/hm²) had the highest yield and was significantly higher than other treatments, which was the best combination of water and carbon for increasing the yield of summer maize.

Soil moisture monitor, the type of FDR (Frequency Domain Reflectometry), was transformed by the combination of FDR and semiconductor temperature measurement technology to improve its temperature applicability and to reduce the influence of soil temperature change on the soil moisture observation accuracy. By integrating a soil moisture sensor that works based on frequency domain reflection principle and a semiconductor temperature measuring device, the designed sensor can measure soil moisture and temperature simultaneously. The newly designed sensor was compared and verified through experiments carried out in laboratory and the Zhengzhou Agricultural Meteorological Experimental Station. The results showed that: ① The variations of soil temperature had a great influence on the accuracy of FDR soil moisture sensor. The measurement error of FDR soil moisture sensor was negatively correlated with the soil temperature and the correlation became more significant with the increase of soil depth; ② When the soil temperature was 20 °C, it had the least impact on the measurement accuracy of the sensor. The measured value was greater than the actual value when the soil moisture was higher than 20 °C and when the soil moisture was lower than 20 °C, the soil moisture measured by the sensor was less than the actual value. The variation of soil temperature causes the shifts of the oscillation frequency of the FDR soil moisture sensor. The temperature correction model of the sensor's measurement frequency can effectively reduce the influence of soil temperature on the observation data of soil moisture and improve the observation accuracy.

The aim of the present study is to explore a reasonable pattern for water/biogas slurry integration irrigation mode under indirect subsurface drip irrigation. In the experiment, tomato was taken as the research object to study the effects of water-fertilizer deficit at different growth stages on the growth, yield, quality and water use efficiency of tomato under indirect subsurface drip irrigation with water/biogas slurry integration, and TOPSIS method was used to evaluate the quality and comprehensive benefits of tomato among different treatments. Severe deficit (60%FC), moderate deficit (70%FC) and mild deficit (80%FC) were set at seedling stage, flowering stage and fruit setting stage, respectively. The volume ratio of the irrigated water/biogas slurry was 1∶4. The traditional fertilizer applied treatment (90%FC, chemical fertilizer) was set as the control treatment for a comparison. The results showed that the leaf area and dry matter quality presented significant compensatory effects when the minor and moderate deficit of water and biogas slurry happened at seedling stage while sufficient supplied at flowering and fruit-setting stage. Severe deficits at flowering and fruiting stage could seriously inhibit the formation of leaf area and dry matter and decrease the yield of tomato, but mild and moderate water-fertilizer deficits contributed to the accumulation of soluble sugar in tomato fruits. Severe deficit at ripening stage could increase the vitamin C content in tomato fruits. Meanwhile, biogas slurry irrigation could increase soluble solid content and soluble protein content in tomato fruits. The T7 treatment with the water-fertilizer severe deficit at fruit maturity stage (60%FC) had the highest comprehensive scores of yield, quality and water use efficiency, while the T10 treatment (control treatment) had the worst scores. T7 treatment could be used as a reference pattern for indirect subsurface drip irrigation with water/biogas slurry integration.

In order to investigate the root distribution characteristics and water absorption mechanism of jujube in southern Xinjiang under different irrigation depths, taking jujube as the research object, the experimental water diversion device was set at three deep burial levels, which were 20 cm (T1), 35 cm (T2) and 55 cm (T3) respectively. Surface drip irrigation (T0) was used as the control group. Based on the basic equation of soil water movement, a one-dimensional water absorption model of jujube root was established, and the water absorption model was verified by the measured data. The results showed that the root system of jujube tree under each treatment showed a negative exponential distribution with the increase of soil layer. Compared with T0 treatment, the effective root length of jujube tree under T1, T2 and T3 treatments increased by 18.2%, 15.3% and 10.9% respectively, that is, deep irrigation treatment promoted the deep rooting of jujube tree. Under different irrigation depth treatments, the soil moisture content of each soil layer was in the order of T2 > T3 > T1 > T0. Under the same irrigation depth treatment, the soil moisture content of each soil layer first increased and then decreased with the increase of soil depth. The soil moisture content was simulated by the established root water absorption model and the difference between the calculated value and the measured value was within the allowed range, which met the accuracy requirements of the jujube root water absorption model for the prediction of soil moisture content. To sum up, when the irrigation depth is set at about 35 cm, it is conducive to the jujube root system to fully absorb water and improve water use efficiency.

Taking the cotton field in southern Xinjiang as the research object, this paper explored the scheme of applying soil conditioner to promote the germination and emergence of cotton seeds under the condition of dry seeding and wet emergence in the cotton field in southern Xinjiang. In this study, humic acid, microbial agents and earthworm enzyme nitrogen were selected as soil modifiers. A total of 8 experimental treatments were set up, namely humic acid (G1), microbial agents (G2), earthworm enzyme nitrogen (G3), humic acid + microbial agents (G4), humic acid + earthworm enzyme nitrogen (G5), microbial agents+ earthworm enzyme nitrogen (G6), humic acid + microbial agents + earthworm enzyme nitrogen (G7) and no modifier (CK). Through the water and fertilizer integration technology, different combinations of modifiers were applied to the seedling emergence water to study the effects of different treatments on soil temperature, compactness, water content, salt content and seedling emergence rate. The results showed that compared with the control treatment, the soil salinity in 0~20 cm soil layer was significantly different and that each treatment was beneficial to soil sesaulting. Under the condition of single application, the treatment of humic acid had the highest soil moisture content and the most stable dynamic change of soil moisture. In the case of combined application, the difference between G5 and G6 treatment was not obvious, and the overall effect of G7 treatment on soil moisture content was the best. The effect of humic acid application was the best in the single application treatment of modifier, and the average ground temperature increased by 2.9 ℃ compared with the control treatment; In the case of combined application, the combined application of three modifiers had the best effect, followed by G4 treatment, and the difference between G5 and G6 treatment was small. The soil compactness of each soil conditioner treatment was lower than that of the control, but there was no significant difference among the treatments (P>0.05). The higher the emergence rate, the higher the yield, and the application of soil conditioner was beneficial to the increase of cotton yield. Comprehensive analysis showed that the mixed application of humic acid (75 kg/hm²) + biological agents (75 kg/hm²) + earthworm enzyme nitrogen (225 kg/hm²) was the best scheme to improve the soil and promote the germination and emergence of cotton seeds.

In order to research the effects of biochar and water adjustment measures on the effectiveness of heavy metal in polluted soil, and to provide a theorical basis for water adjustment measures application to promote the restoring effect of biochar on heavy metal polluted soil, in this paper, copper polluted soil applied biochar was set as experimental object to research the effect of biochar application and water regulation on copper forms in soil. The experimental results showed that when water content in soil increased, exchangeable Cu would decrease and transforme to oxidizable and reducible forms. Especially under the condition of 100% field capacity, exchangeable Cu in soil was 18.52% lower than that of control treatment, oxidizable and reducible forms were 17.48% and 16.64% higher than that of control treatment respectively, with significant differences (P<0.05). While the difference between the residual Cu and the control was insignificant. The results indicates that water regulation can decrease exchangeable Cu content in biochar applied soil, reduce biological toxicity of heavy metal in soil, and increase the restoring effect of biochar on heavy metal polluted soil.

Freshwater drip irrigation for salt leaching in arid regions is highly adaptable to microtopography and has good potential for application. However, the plow pan formed during long-term tillage has an obvious effect on water and salt retention. To investigate the effect of the plow pan on salt leaching and its regulation, HYDRUS-2D was adopted to establish a two-dimensional drip irrigation water and salt transport model for cotton fields in a typical arid oasis area, and numerical experiments were carried out to simulate the water and salt transport characteristics of soil under different plow pan improvement scenarios. The scenarios of partial destruction of the plow pan, such as interval destruction of the plow pan, thinning of the plow pan and biological tillage was considered to analyze the optimisation effect on salt leaching. The results showed that the water-salt migration model could better characterize the water-salt retarding effect of the plow pan and the salt control and the entropy preserving ability could be improved by partial destruction of the plow pan and the efficiency of salt leaching could be improved. The overall effect of salt leaching was as follows: rows between the plastic mulches < wide rows < narrow rows, with the narrow rows having the best salt leaching effect because they were directly below the drip head, while between the plastic mulches there was a certain degree of salt reversion due to evaporation. With a total irrigation volume of 3 600 m³/hm² in four intervals of drip irrigation, the salinity of all plough bottom improvement schemes met the appropriate value of soil water salinity (17.92 mg/cm³) for seedling emergence in cotton fields. The improvement scheme with a 60 cm width of plough substrate was the most effective one, with desalination rates of 80% and 65% for the cultivated horizon and plow pan respectively, an increase of 8% and 12% compared to the control scheme without improved plow pan, and an increase of 644.80 cm² of water storage in the profile compared to the control group without destroyed plow pan, resulting in a significant effect of salt control and moisture conservation. Therefore, drip irrigation in arid areas, combined with moderate destruction of the improved plow pan, can play a better role in salt control and water preservation and further field studies can be carried out to validate and promote the research.

UAV remote sensing technology has been widely applied in soil and water conservation monitoring, supervision management and acceptance, etc. But there is a lack of systematic research on the accuracy of results.Based on UAV remote sensing technology, measurement and material collection, according to the monitoring results of flat land abandon slag fields, slope land abandon slag fields, backfill area, excavation area, construction road area, the measuring precision of disturbance area, earthwork volume, types of measures and engineering feat was systemly analyzed.The results showed that the monitoring accuracy of the disturbance area was higher in the spot-type area (95.85%) than in the linear area (92.27%), and it was obviously higher in the flat area than in the slope area. The monitoring accuracy of excavation and earth-filling volume was greater than 90%, but the higher the height difference was, the lower the accuracy was. The interpretation of measure types was consistent with the field review results. The horizontal accuracy of engineering quantity monitoring was greater than 98.46%, but the vertical accuracy was relatively low, the maximum was only 94.34%. For the measures that were difficult to accurately obtain the elevation information of the foundation bottom, the monitoring accuracy was relatively low, and there was even obvious distortion of the measured value (the accuracy is only 34.90%), so it was necessary to take manual field measurement of elevation information to improve the vertical monitoring accuracy. In summary, the accuracy of UAV remote sensing can better meet the requirements of the industry, which points out the direction for application and development of monitoring management in soil and water conservation.

The experiment was conducted to find out the high-yielding and high-efficiency mode of greenhouse water spinach under moistube irrigation conditions. N was applied at 300 mg/L at the first stage of growth and 600 mg/L (T2), 900 mg/L (T3) and 1200 mg/L (T4) at the middle and late stages, respectively. Soil nitrate nitrogen content, height, stem thickness and yield of hollow cabbage were measured in different treatments to study the effects of different nitrogen application methods on the growth condition and water nitrogen utilization of hollow cabbage. The results showed that different nitrogen application methods had a significant effect on the growth of water spinach. The growth of water spinach was significantly better in the T1 to T4 treatments than in the CK treatment. The plant height and stem diameter of water spinach first increased and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application, and the leaf SPAD value increased with nitrogen application. The soil nitrate nitrogen content of different treatments firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of time. Different nitrogen application methods had a significant effect on the soil nitrate nitrogen content, and the soil nitrate nitrogen content increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The order of water spinach yield of different treatments is T2>T3>T1>T4>CK, the order of irrigation water productivity is T2>T1>T3>CK>T4. The nitrogen fertilizer agronomic use efficiency of T1 and T2 treatments was significantly higher than that of other treatments. Considering the growth index and water and nitrogen use efficiency of water spinach, T2 treatment was the best nitrogen application method for moistube irrigation water spinach planting.

As an important part of green space, tree species affect the effect of rainwater interception. It is of great significance to study the interception of tree canopy for reducing surface runoff and controlling soil erosion in cities. Therefore, six typical trees in Qingdao, including Magnolia officinalis, Sweetgum, Lidendron Chinense, Ginkgo biloba, Cedar and Cupressus glabra 'Blue Ice', were selected as the research objects, and the interception ability was studied by rainfall method and soaking method. The results showed that:①Canopy interception capacity was different among different trees, which was related to rainfall, leaf surface area and leaf characteristics. Under the same leaf condition of the same tree species, the maximum leaf interception increased gradually with the increase of leaf surface area. ②With the increase of rainfall to a certain extent, the interception capacity of the six trees in the rainfall method began to decrease gradually, and only played a good interception effect in light and moderate rain, but had little interception effect in heavy rain. ③It can be seen from the two methods that the maximum interception amount of rainfall method is greater than that of soaking method and that soaking method cannot truly reflect the maximum interception amount of canopy of trees, and rainfall method is closer to the actual maximum interception amount of canopy of trees. As leaf surface area decreases, the difference between the two methods decreases significantly. There is no proportional relationship between the interception per unit leaf area and the interception rate of the two methods. In conclusion, Cupressus glabra 'Blue Ice', Cedar and Liriodendron Chinense are the most prominent among the six trees.

In order to reveal the law of the effect of slow-release fertilizer combined application on the filling process of summer maize, under the same nitrogen application rate (180 kg/hm²), the combined application ratio of slow-release fertilizer (C) and urea (N) was set as 1∶0(C1N0), 3∶1(C3N1), 1∶1(C1N1), 1∶3(C1N3) and 0∶1(C0N1), and taking the treatment without nitrogen fertiliser (CK) as control treatment, six treatments in total, were set to study the effects of slow-release fertilizer combined application on the filling process, photosynthetic performance, dry matter accumulation and yield of summer maize. The results showed that the combined application of slow-release fertilizer could prolong the leaf functional period and ensure higher net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, dry matter accumulation and grain filling capacity of summer maize in the later stage. The combined application of slow-release fertilizer can promote the early start of grain filling, shorten the time to reach the maximum filling rate, increase the 100 grain weight at the maximum filling rate, prolong the active filling period, increase the duration and filling rate of the rapid and slow increase period, so as to improve the 100 grain weight. Under the condition of slow-release fertilizer combined application, the decisive components for summer maize yield increase are 100 grain weight and number of grains per row. The yield increases first and then decreases with the increase of slow-release fertilizer combined application ratio. When the combined application ratio is 3∶1 (C∶ N), the yield is the highest, which is 16.08% and 26.56% higher than that of C1N0 and C0N1 treatment respectively. Comprehensive analysis showed that the application effect of 3∶1 (C∶ N) was the best in summer maize planting.

Lake water level is an important factor affecting the lake ecosystem and vegetation distribution pattern, and the abnormal fluctuation of lake water level is usually the main control factor leading to the instability and degradation of lake ecosystem. Based on the hydrological data and Landsat remote sensing data in recent 20 years from 1981 to 2000 in the Liangzi Lake, this study intended to revel the influence of water level fluctuations on vegetation distribution pattern of lake zone of the Liangzi Lake, through the discussion on the variation characteristics of lake water level and the distribution pattern of lake vegetation in the high, normal, and low flow years, by using statistical analysis, frequency analysis, remote sensing interpretation and vegetation coverage estimation. The results showed that: ①the natural fluctuation of water level in Liangzi Lake follows the rhythm of low water level in spring and high-water level in summer. The average water level in dry season of spring is 17.50 m and the average water level in wet season of summer is 18.50 m. ② The area of high vegetation coverage (>60%) in wet season was significantly larger than that in dry season. ③ The water levels in the high (1983), normal (1992), and low flow year (2000) were 17.09, 17.47 and 17.50 m respectively in the dry season, and the area of high vegetation coverage in 2000 with the same average water level was the largest. This indicates that maintaining the lake water level at the multi-year average water level in spring is more conducive to the germination and growth of vegetation lakeshore. ④ The lake water levels in 1983, 1992 and 2000 were 20.71, 19.15 and 16.73 m respectively in the wet season, with the area of high vegetation coverage showed 2000 > 1992 > 1983. It indicates that the abnormal decrease of water level during the wet season in 2000 summer led to the expansion of lakeshore zone and rapid growth of submerged plants in the lake. The significant increase of vegetation coverage may result in ecological imbalance of water. Therefore, protecting and maintaining the rhythm of natural fluctuation of lake water level is the key to river and lake ecosystem protection.

∶ Evaporation is an important index for the decision of the irrigation schedule and reflection of the physiological crop growth status. In order to understand the influence of the Lhasa river valley sprinkler irrigation and border irrigation on farmland microclimate and the amount of evapotranspiration, in this paper, oat in Lhasa was taken as the research object, the atmospheric temperature, air pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, total radiation, inverse radiation, net radiation as the comparison sequence and evapotranspiration as the reference sequence, and the grey correlation degree analysis was applied to the correlation degree analysis of evapotranspiration and meteorological indicators of oat.The changes of microclimate and evapotranspiration caused by sprinkler irrigation were quantified by regression analysis. The results showed that the order of correlation between evapotranspiration and meteorological indexes under border irrigation was atmospheric temperature > air pressure > wind speed > relative humidity > total radiation > counter radiation > net radiation. That under sprinkler irrigation was atmospheric pressure > atmospheric temperature > inverse radiation > relative humidity > total radiation > net radiation > wind speed. The comprehensive analysis of the correlation degree of meteorological indexes indicated that atmospheric temperature, atmospheric pressure and relative humidity were the main indexes affecting evapotranspiration of sprinkler irrigation and furrow irrigation. Compared with border irrigation, sprinkler irrigation reduced temperature by 2-4 °C and relative humidity by 11-21%, resulting in a decrease of daily evapotranspiration by 0.03-0.38 mm/h. The decrease of evapotranspiration can improve the growth environment of oat and reduce water consumption and irrigation volume. This study provides scientific support for the establishment of sprinkler irrigation system and the development of efficient water-saving irrigation technology in Lhasa Valley.

In order to clarify the main influencing factors of water productivity of grain crops in rain-fed farming areas and to provide a reference basis for the efficient utilization of agricultural water resources in rain-fed farming areas, taking southern Henan as an example, the P-M model was used to calculate the reference evapotranspiration of main grain crops in Southern Henan, and then the water requirement of main grain crops was calculated. Based on the formula of crop water productivity, the water productivity of main grain crops in southern Henan from 2010 to 2019 was calculated. Based on collinearity analysis of selected influencing factors, partial least squares regression analysis was used to calculate the contribution rate of each influencing factor to crop water productivity to find out the main influencing factors of water productivity in Southern Henan. The results showed that the water productivity of grain crops in south Henan province ranged from 1.01 to 1.11 kg/m³ from 2010 to 2019, with an average of 1.06. The overall level was not high. Rn, average temperature, N, K, and P application were the main influencing factors of water productivity of main grain crops in the study area, and their contribution rates were as follows: 17.80%, 15.79%, 11.83%, 10.89%, 10.86%, respectively. In rain-fed farming areas, the contribution rate of meteorological factors, management factors and other factors which were not considered was 43.96%, 41.95%, and 14.09%, respectively. The contribution of meteorological factors to the water productivity of grain crops was slightly greater than that of the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

Optimizing irrigation system is the basis for improving agricultural water use efficiency and ensuring water conservation and stable yield of crop production. Under the crop rotation conditions, the appropriate water productivity of winter wheat and summer maize is an important indicator for improving crop yield and rational use of water resources. In this paper, the production potential of winter wheat-summer maize crop rotation patterns under different irrigation treatment conditions was simulated by using the AquaCrop model and the differences was analyzed to select the optimal irrigation system. The results showed that water consumption, yield and water productivity increased with the increase of irrigation quota within 300 mm in the rotation mode, while the amount of soil moisture variation decreased as the irrigation volume increased. The total yield was 16 735 kg/hm², the total water consumption was 758.2 mm, and the water productivity was 2.21 kg/m³ when the irrigation quota was 300 mm. It can be seen that growing winter wheat and summer maize under this irrigation system in the rotation mode is relatively more water-saving and has important practical significance for improving the crop yield in the study area.

In order to explore the application effect of water retaining agent and urease inhibitor on Guizhou alpine cold vegetable cabbage, so as to provide a theoretical and practical basis for the application of water retaining agent and urease inhibitor in Guizhou high-altitude areas and similar areas, in 2021, a field experiment was conducted in Weining County, Bijie City, Guizhou Province to study the effects of increased application of water retaining agent (FB) and urease inhibitor (FN) and their simultaneous application (FBN) on the yield, nutrient absorption, fertilizer utilization, quality and economic benefits of alpine cold vegetable cabbage. The results showed that: Compared with the conventional chemical fertilizer (HF) treatment, the application of water retaining agent (FB) or urease inhibitor (FN) alone and the application of water retaining agent and urease inhibitor (FBN) at the same time could significantly increase the yield of cabbage, with an increase of 8.13%~ 15.58%, and the output value increased by 6 924~13 275 yuan/hm², with an increase of 8.13%~ 15.58%, there was no significant difference in the yield between FB and FN treatments. The net income of FB, FN and FBN treatment increased by 5 724 yuan/hm², 6 142 yuan/hm² and 12 025 yuan/hm² by 6.99%, 7.50% and 14.69% respectively. The accumulation of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P₂O₅) and potassium(K₂O) in cabbage could be increased by applying water retaining agent (FB) or urease inhibitor (FN) alone and simultaneously, and FBN was the largest, reaching 181.34, 44.12 and 200.93 kg/hm² respectively, and there was no significant difference between FB and FN treatment. The nitrate content of cabbage decreased significantly, and the contents of soluble sugar, VC, free amino acids and protein were FBN> FB> FN> HF> NF (no fertilization). The agronomic efficiency and absorption and utilization efficiency of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O in cabbage were significantly improved by applying water retaining agent (FB) or urease inhibitor (FN) alone and simultaneously. That of the FBN treatment was the highest, reaching 195.61 kg/kg, 292.42 kg/kg, 195.61 kg/kg and 41.32%, 16.17%, 46.78% respectively and there was no significant difference in the yield between FB and FN treatments. In conclusion, on the basis of conventional chemical fertilizers, the growth effect of cabbage with water retaining agent and urease inhibitor at the same time is better than that with water retaining agent or urease inhibitor alone, resulting in significant synergistic effect and promoting the growth of cabbage. The results can provide a theoretical and practical basis for the application of soil additives in Guizhou alpine cold vegetable industry.