It is of great significance to identify and predict the spatial and temporal pattern evolution of land use to promote regional ecological protection and rational development of land resources spatial planning. In this paper, the main stream of the middle and lower reaches of the Weihe River was taken as the study area, and the transfer matrix, land use dynamic attitude and land use degree index were used as evaluation factors to analyze the land use change from 1980 to 2020. Cellular automata and CA-Markov models based on multiple evaluation criteria (MCE) were used to simulate the evolution characteristics of land use in 2030 under natural development scenario, ecological protection scenario and overall development scenario. The results showed that the area of arable land in the middle and lower reaches of the Weihe River from 1980 to 2020 accounted for about 52%, followed by woodland and grassland, and the area of construction land showed a continuous growth trend. The dynamic attitude of multi-year comprehensive land use was 0.66%, and the area of construction land changed the fastest, and the cultivated land was mainly converted to construction land. The CA-Markov model was used to simulate the land use changes in 2015 and 2020, and the simulated land use spatial pattern development trend was consistent with the actual situation. Under the three simulated scenarios, the built-up land area increased the most in 2030 under the natural development scenario, and the forest area increased by 53.83 km2 under the ecological protection scenario. Under the overall development scenario, the changes of land use types were relatively small. Under the three scenarios, the land use structure of the middle and lower reaches of the Weihe River in 2030 was still dominated by farmland, woodland and grassland, and the construction land area showed different increasing trends. The prediction results under the integrated development scenario were more in line with the requirements of territorial space planning and economic and social development.

In order to explore the performance of different machine learning algorithms in predicting the reference crop evapotranspiration (ET ₀) in different climate zones, in this study, based on the daily meteorological data of 20 meteorological stations in arid and humid regions of China from 1960 to 2019, taking the ET ₀ calculated by PM and HS formula as the reference, the accuracy and applicability of three machine learning algorithms, including multiple stepwise regression (SL), support vector machine (SVM) and Gaussian process regression (GPR), were evaluated. The results show that: ① When the ET ₀ values calculated by PM and HS formula are taken as the standard, the relationship between the accuracy of ET ₀ simulation by the three machine learning algorithms is: GPR > SVM > SL. The GPR algorithm has the highest simulation accuracy, and its correlation coefficient (R ²) ranges from 0.950 to 0.995. ② When the same machine learning algorithm is adopted, the R ² range of ET ₀ calculated by PM is 0.965~0.995, the RMSE range is 0.212~0.260 and the MAE range is 0.151~0.201. When HS formula is used as the reference value, the R ² range is 0.935~0.984, the RMSE range is 0.832~0.964, and the MAE range is 0.596~0.745. ③ In different climatic zones, the accuracy of ET ₀ simulated by machine learning algorithm in arid zone is better than that in humid zone, and its R ² is increased by 0.01, when taking the calculation results of the same reference formula as the standard. ④ Comparing the robustness of different machine learning algorithms, SL and SVM algorithms have the highest robustness when taking the calculation results of PM and HS formula as the reference value respectively, and the variation range of R ² from training to simulation stage is only 0.16% and 0.11%, while GPR algorithm has the lowest robustness. ⑤ Compared with the training time cost of different machine learning algorithms, the computational cost of SVM and GPR algorithm is significantly higher than that of SL algorithm. Based on the comprehensive analysis of ET₀ prediction accuracy, robustness and calculation cost of the three algorithms, SVM algorithm can be recommended as a more accurate method for predicting reference crop evapotranspiration in arid and humid areas of China. Moreover, the quatitative relationship between the accuracy of machine learning simulation and meteorological factors shows that the change of sunshine hours (N) is the main factor affecting the prediction accuracy of each algorithm.

The drainage and recycling of farmland dark pipe is one of the effective ways to alleviate the shortage of irrigation water, and the filter material with the function of purifying water quality is the key to ensure the quality of returned water. In this paper, the base soil were selected in field of the subground pipe drainage engineering of Ningxia Yinbei irrigation area, with three kinds of adsorption material and one kind local general non-woven geotextile, the preliminary design schemes of the only laying geotextile and laying geotextile with single adsorption material were designed. The soil column penetration test device developed by the research group was used for screening test. And according to the preliminary test results, an improved scheme of geotextile with mixed adsorbent filter material is designed. In the experiment, the flow attenuation process, permeability coefficient change rule, salt removal rate and the duration of adsorption reaching saturation under different laying types of outsourcing filter media were tested. The results showed that in terms of drainage performance, laying geotextile adding 10cm thick adsorbent filter material was better than only coating geotextile. The laying method of geotextile with mixed absorbent material was better than that of geotextile with single absorbent material. In terms of water quality purification, the straw treated with water washing and slag mixed laying has obvious effect of removing salt in water, and the time for the adsorption capacity reaching saturation is long, which can meet the requirements of soil drainage and water quality purification at the same time.

The study is carried out from the perspective of the Water-Energy-Food (WEF) system in Hebei Province. Based on the system water footprint model and the decoupling evaluation model, this paper studies the decoupling situation of water resources utilization and economic growth and the decoupling state is classified into different grades. Finally, the decoupling is driven by the extended LMDI model and the factors are divided into five decoupling factors, then the influence of the decoupling factors on the decoupling state is discussed. The results show that: from 2011 to 2020, the degree of water resource shortage in Hebei Province was relatively high, and the efficiency of water resources utilization was improving year by year; the decoupling of water resources utilization and economic growth in the WEF system was good, and the decoupling of the Energy subsystem was better than that of the Food subsystem; The water intensity and cultivated land area factors are negative decoupling factors, and the footprint structure, scale economy and population cultivated land density factors are positive decoupling factors.

In order to explore the effects of cotton straw return combined with tillage on soil properties and maize water use efficiency under cotton-spring maize rotation, a four-year field positioning experiment was conducted. Using soil physical and chemical properties before experiment as a reference, the effects of tillage straw returning (PT+SR), rotary tillage straw returning (RT+SR), tillage straw not returning (PT+NSR), rotary tillage straw not returning (RT+NSR), no-tillage straw returning (NT+SR), and no-tillage straw returning (NT+NSR) on soil bulk density, moisture content, nutrient content, microorganism were studied. The effects of different treatment on maize yield, yield components and water use efficiency were also studied. The results showed that straw returning combined with tillage measures could effectively reduce soil bulk in 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil layers and PT+SR had the best effect which was reduced by 9.87% and 7% compared with that before treatment. The PT+SR treatment had relatively good soil moisture conservation effect in the middle and late period of maize growth, and it also achieved the highest maize grain yield and water use efficiency. The two-year average maize grain yield and water use efficiency with PT+SR reached 1.29×10⁴ kg/hm² and 2.42 kg/m³ respectively. Straw returning combined with tillage could effectively increase soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen, available Phosphorus, available Potassium contents, as well as the number of fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes, among which PT+SR treatment had the best effect, which increased by 11.9%, 40.5%, 32.8%, 23.1%, 24.6%, 74.3%, 72.1% and 41.9%, respectively. After years of experiments, it was confirmed that cotton straw returning combined with tillage could effectively improve soil physical properties, increase soil nutrient content and number of beneficial microorganisms, enhance soil water conservation ability, and significantly increase crop yield and water use efficiency in cotton-maize rotation area.

In order to investigate the effect of water and fertilizer integration on potassium uptake and yield quality of flue-cured tobacco, and to provide evidence for enhancing the potassium content of tobacco leaves, using flue-cured tobacco LY1306 as the test material, a single-factor randomized group trial was conducted in the field with three treatments, including blank control (CK), conventional fertilization (T1) and water-fertilization integration (T2), and compare research was adopted for the dry matter accumulation, potassium accumulation and accumulation rate of each part, chemical composition and economic traits of post-baking tobacco leaves. Compared with CK and T1 treatments, the dry matter accumulation in T2 treatment was always the highest, and the dry matter accumulation rate increased by 70.03% and 36.72%, and the maximum dry matter accumulation rate appeared at 53.370 d, 7.884 d and 5.777 d earlier than that of CK and T1 treatments; as the fertility process progressed, the potassium accumulation in each part showed an obvious “S” trend. The average and maximum accumulation rates of potassium in all parts of the T2 treatment were significantly higher than those of the CK and T1 treatments, and the time of maximum accumulation rate was significantly earlier than those of the CK and T1 treatments, and it was most obvious in the tobacco root system, where the average accumulation rate of potassium was significantly higher than that of the CK treatment by 64.33% and the maximum accumulation rate of potassium was significantly higher than that of the CK treatment. The average accumulation rate of potassium in tobacco roots was significantly higher than that of CK by 64.67%, the maximum accumulation rate of potassium was significantly higher than that of CK and T1 by 72.28% and 33.72%, and the maximum accumulation rate of potassium appeared 7.28 d and 8.78 d earlier than that of CK and T1; the potassium content and potassium-chlorine ratio of tobacco leaves were the highest in all parts of T2 treatment after baking, and the potassium content of its leaves was significantly higher than that of CK and T1 by 33.70% and 20.59%. The potassium content and potassium-chlorine ratio of the T2 treatment were the highest in all parts of the tobacco leaves after baking, and the potassium-chlorine ratio was 31.60% higher than that of the CK treatment, and the production value was 50.45% higher than that of the CK treatment and 9 521.25 Yuan/hm² higher than that of the T1 treatment. Water fertilizer integration technology can significantly increase the dry matter accumulation of tobacco plants, promote the accumulation of potassium in all parts of flue-cured tobacco effectively, coordinate the chemical composition of tobacco leaves, and improve the economic traits of flue-cured tobacco.

In order to realize scientific water use in the field, optimize the water distribution model of irrigation canals, give full play to the decision-making ability of water use scheduling in irrigation areas, and improve the modernization level of irrigation area, the existing water distribution models and algorithms for optimization of canal systems were summarized in this paper. The objective function of optimal water distribution model of irrigation canal system is mainly divided into two kinds: one is to optimize the specific index, and the other is to minimize water loss when the distributed channels adopt round irrigation grouping. On the premise of mastering the domestic irrigation channel water allocation and irrigation area management norms, the modeling ideas, objective functions and algorithm mechanism of the two types of models were systematically discussed, the objective functions of water distribution optimization proposed by researchers were highlighted, and the intelligent algorithms introduced in the models were summarized. On the basis of in-depth exploration of application examples, through the review of the optimal water distribution model for irrigation canal systems, the new direction of future research goals in the future is discussed, aiming to refine a multi-objective optimization model suitable for irrigation areas in China, which is intended to solve the current problems of low utilization efficiency of irrigation water in current channels at all levels. The research conclusions also put forward a new idea of remote management, joint scheduling, intelligent control and efficient water distribution between canals embedded in the algorithm, which provides reference and theoretical guidance for the construction of water transmission and distribution model for irrigation areas and the implementation of information management in irrigation areas.

Based on the meteorological data measured at Wudaogou Hydrological Experimental Station from 1964 to 2020, the multi-scale variation characteristics and their differences of water surface evaporation in flood season (June to September), non-flood season (October to May), annual (January to December) and decade in recent 57 years were studied by using the methods of climate trend rate and perfect correlation coefficient, and the causes were analyzed. The results showed that: ①Under the background of global warming, the annual average temperature in Wudaogou region increased at a rate of 0.27 ℃/10a in recent 57 years, while the measured evaporation in pan decreased at a rate of 85.8 mm/10a, indicating an obvious "evaporation paradox" phenomenon. The air temperature in flood season and non-flood season increased at a rate of 0.05 ℃/10a and 0.27 ℃/10a, respectively, while evaporation decreased at a rate of 41.49 mm/10a and 30.39 mm/10a. The order of significance of evaporation paradox was flood season > annual > non-flood season. ② In the past five decades, the 1980s had the smallest temperature rise and the largest evaporation decline, and the "evaporation paradox" law was the most significant. Since the 21st century, the paradox phenomenon was less obvious than that at the end of the 20th century. ③The main causes of "evaporation paradox" in this region are the decrease of wind speed, the increase of relative humidity and the decrease of sunshine duration. Compared with the base period from 1964 to 1989, the contribution rate of each influencing factor to the decrease of evaporation from 1990 to 2020 were as followed: on the annual scale, wind speed (49.1%) > relative humidity (35.4%); Sunshine duration (34.9%) > relative humidity (32.3%) > wind speed (22.0%) in flood season; In non-flood season, relative humidity (73.6%) was higher than wind speed (32.1%).

In order to choose the high water use efficiency (WUE) varieties suitable for sand land cultivation, gas exchange method and stable carbon isotope technique were used to determine the instantaneous and stable WUE of 24 red jujube varieties introduced in Yulin sand area. At the same time, the effects of mature period, photosynthetic characteristics, contents of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) and its stoichiometric ratio in jujube leaves on WUE of jujube were discussed as well. The results showed that although there were significant differences of instantaneous WUE among the jujube varieties, it was not as consistent as that of stable WUE and had no significant correlation with all the influencing factors. The stable WUE of all jujube varieties showed an overall trend of early maturing > medium maturing > late maturing. For early maturing varieties, the highest stable WUE of jujube was Xinong (105.4 μmol/mol) and Qingjian toad jujube (97.3 μmol/mol), while for medium maturing varieties, the Qingjian jujube showed the highest stable WUE by 94.9 μmol/mol. The short branch winter jujube has the highest stable WUE by 90.1 μmol/mol in the late maturing varieties. These jujube varieties with high WUE were 16.0%～35.7% higher than Linhuang No 1, Qinbao winter jujube, Leng baiyu, which had the lowest stable WUE. Meanwhile, the N content, P content and δ¹³C of early maturing jujube varieties were 27.1%, 33.3% and 2.1% higher than those of medium and late maturing jujube varieties respectively. But the C/N, N/P, C/P were 21.2%, 6.8% and 27.4% lower than those of medium and late maturing jujube varieties respectively. Correlation analysis showed that stable WUE was significantly positively correlated with leaf N content and δ¹³C, significantly positively correlated with net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll b, but significantly negatively correlated with leaf C/N. In conclusion, the early maturing varieties of jujube introduced in Yulin sand area kept the highest WUE in all jujube varieties and the high N content, δ¹³C, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll b and low C/N were the key factors to maintain the high efficient WUE of jujube.

The relationship between potential evapotranspiration and meteorological factors is complex. The study of the temporal and spatial variation laws and influencing factors of potential evapotranspiration in Gansu Province, which is composed of multiple climatic regions, is of great significance for exploring the impact of climate change on the hydrological cycle. Based on the daily meteorological data of 31 meteorological stations in Gansu Province and its surrounding areas from 1961 to 2020, the Penman-Monteithm model, Kriging interpolation method and Mann-Kendall test and partial correlation analysis method were used to analyze the eight climatic regions in Gansu Province. The spatial and temporal variation characteristics of potential evapotranspiration and its influencing factors of different climate types in the study area were analyzed. The results showed that: ① During 1961 to 2020, there were significant differences in meteorological factors in different climate zones in Gansu Province, among which the average temperature, maximum temperature and minimum temperature of each climate zone showed a significant upward trend in the past 60 years; The average relative humidity showed a downward trend except for the alpine and semi-arid areas in the Qilian Mountains. The average wind speed showed an upward trend except for the warm temperate arid area in western Hexi, the cold temperate arid region in Hexi, and the cold temperate semi-arid area in central and northern part of Long; Outside the semi-humid area, there was a significant upward trend and the annual sunshine hours showed little difference. ②In terms of the spatial distribution pattern of annual potential evapotranspiration, the average annual potential evapotranspiration was generally higher in the northwest and lower in the southeast in spring, summer and autumn, with an average annual fluctuation range of 710~1 363 mm; while in winter, the average annual potential evapotranspiration was higher in the southeast and lower in the northwest specially. ③From 1961 to 2020, 73.42% of the regional potential evapotranspiration trends in each climate zone were significantly correlated at the 0.05 level, and the variation trends ranged from -2.62 mm/a to 3.01 mm/a. ④ Potential evapotranspiration is positively correlated with temperature, sunshine hours and wind speed in each climatic region of Gansu Province, among which the correlation degree is highest with temperature, and the correlation degree of potential evapotranspiration with wind speed in arid and semi-arid regions of A, B, C and D is high in humid climates, the correlation of sunshine hours to potential evapotranspiration is higher in humid regions than in arid and semi-arid regions. Relative humidity was negatively correlated in all climatic regions, and rainfall had the least effect on the potential evapotranspiration change in each climatic region.

In order to promote the efficient production of winter wheat, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of five fertilization treatments, including blank control (CK), formula N-free fertilization (PK), formula P-Free fertilization (NK), formula K-free fertilization (NP), and ormula fertilization (NPK), on growth and utilization of water and fertilizer in winter wheat under the conditions of drip irrigation water-fertilizer coupling and flood irrigation. The results showed that compared with NPK combined application, plant height and chlorophyll content of winter wheat without nitrogen, without phosphorus and without potassium decreased, but the difference was not significant. The plant height and chlorophyll content of the non-fertilizer treatment decreased significantly. The yield of winter wheat without fertilizer, without nitrogen, without phosphorus and without potassium under drip irrigation was reduced by 30.71%, 3.75%, 16.74% and 10.66% compared with NPK combined application respectively. The yield of winter wheat with no fertilizer, no nitrogen, no phosphorus and no potassium under flood irrigation was reduced by 35.20%, 4.99%, 10.28% and 8.28% respectively, compared with NPK application. The water use efficiency were reduced by 7.67%, 13.44%, 21.54% and 36.67% under drip irrigation without nitrogen, without phosphorus, without potassium and without fertilizer, respectively, and by 9.59%, 12.02%, 12.98% and 39.97% under flood irrigation without nitrogen, without phosphorus, without potassium and without fertilizer, respectively, compared to NPK. The absence of either nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer would decrease the apparent utilization rate and partial productivity of the other two fertilizers. The results of the study provide a reference for improving the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer of winter wheat.

In order to study the impact of different high-standard farmland management measures on the drainage of the basin, this paper took the Fangxi Lake basin as the research object. Based on the monitoring data of runoff and water quality (total nitrogen, total phosphorus and sediment production) for two consecutive years from 2019 to 2020, the applicability of the SWAT model was calibrated and verified, and based on the calibrated SWAT model, the high-standard farmland comprehensive management scheme in typical regions was simulated and optimized. The results show that: ①The simulation effect of the calibrated SWAT model is generally good, and the constructed distributed hydrology and non-point source pollution model is suitable for the Fangxi Lake basin; ②The construction of high-standard farmland can realize water saving and emission reduction in the basin, and the maximum runoff can be achieved. The emission reduction can reach 6.93%, and the maximum total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and sediment discharge can be reduced by more than 7.81%. Properly increasing the proportion of pond and weir confluence area and increasing the construction density and length of ecological ditches can effectively reduce surface runoff and total nitrogen, total phosphorus load. The maximum runoff discharge can be reduced by 18.92%, and the maximum total nitrogen, total phosphorus and sediment discharge can be reduced by more than 20.37%; ③In different crop rotation modes, compared with the current conditions, the water cropping mode can effectively reduce the discharge of watershed runoff, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and sediment; ④Under the comprehensive management optimization plan of high-standard farmland construction, the total drainage of the watershed can be reduced by 24.59%, and the reduction of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and sediment can reach 24.59%, 36.36% or more. Reasonable ditch and pond system design and planting structure adjustment can effectively reduce non-point source pollution discharge in the basin.

In this study, a statistical downscaling model, SDSM, was established based on the calculated ET ₀ values and NCEP reanalysis data from 1979 to 2014 in the Three Rivers Headwaters Region. Through model verification, it was found that the method had good applicability in predicting ET ₀ in the Three Rivers Headwaters Region. Then, the forecast data under ssp1-2.6, ssp2-4.5 and ssp5-8.5 scenarios in CanESM5 during 2015-2100 were downscaled to station data by using the calibrated model. Finally, the variation characteristics of ET ₀ in 13 meteorological stations in the Three Rivers Headwaters Region during the last 36 years as a base period were analyzed and calculated. The results show that: ①the spatial distribution pattern of the base period is higher in the south and northeast, and lower in the northwest and central regions. The annual average ET ₀ is 855 mm, and increases at the rate of 0.043 mm/a. ②The spatial distribution of the seasonal mean ET ₀ in summer and winter from 2015 to 2100 is consistent with that in the baseline period, but Wudaoliang is the center of the low-value region in spring and autumn, and there are changes in the distribution of the low-value regions; The annual average ET ₀ showed a significant growing trend under the three scenarios, with SSP5-8.5 showing the largest increase, followed by SSP2-4.5 and SSP1-2.6 which showed the least increase. ③In ssp1-2.6 and ssp2-4.5 scenarios, the increment of ET ₀ in autumn is larger than that in spring, which is different from the seasonal distribution characteristics of ET ₀ value in spring. In general, the spatial distribution characteristics of annual average ET ₀ from 2015 to 2100 are consistent with those in the base period, and the ET ₀ values have an obvious upward trend, but there are regional differences in regional increments. In the future, Maduo and Banma may become the areas with high ET ₀ values. The rise of ET ₀ may further aggravate the regional water shortage and increase the frequency of drought. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of regional ecological water demand indicators, crop climate production potential and drought distribution research, so as to prepare the countermeasures in advance.

Attribution analysis of changes in evapotranspiration (ET) is important for understanding the mechanisms that control ET, which is necessary for reliable modeling and predicting. Based on the Bayesian method, the parameters of the two-source evapotranspiration model (SW) were optimized by the Differential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis (DREAM) algorithm to achieve the best simulation effect between the simulated value and the half hour ET observed in maize field. Then, the relative contributions of regional climate and vegetation variables to soil evaporation (ET_s ) and plant transpiration (ET_c ) at Daman Station in Heihe River Basin were quantitatively evaluated by using the Eddy covariance method and the SW model. Compared with the data in 2016, ET_s increased by an average of 2.56 W/m² and 72.90 W/m² in 2017 and 2018, respectively. ET_c increased by 24.41 w/m² in 2017 and decreased by 13.38 w/m² in 2018. In 2017 and 2018, the contribution of soil surface available energy (A_s ) to ET_s variation was 124% and 95.4%, and the contribution of canopy resistance ( r_s^c) to ET_c variation was 68.8% and 71.9%, respectively. The SW model after parameter optimization fits well with the measured values and can reflect the dynamic changes of ET. The interannual changes in ET were influenced by complex interactions between climate and vegetation variables. A_s and saturated vapor pressure deficit were the main factors driving the interannual variation of ET_s, and the available energy above the canopy and r_s^c were the main factors driving the interannual variation of ET_c .

In order to effectively deal with the adverse effects of temperature rising on wheat production system and to seek adaptive cultivation ways to reduce temperature rising, from 2019 to 2020, micro-sprinkling irrigation mode and field comparison method were carried out in Linfen, Shanxi Province. The influence of irrigated wheat field (I), irrigated straw-mulched wheat field (IM) and non-irrigated straw-mulched wheat field (CK) on 5 cm and 10 cm ground temperature in different growth stages, yield and water use efficiency was studied. The results showed that 5cm,10cm ground temperature and air temperature was positively correlated and the correlation coefficient showed CK>I>IM. From overwintering stage to maturity stage, the daily average ground temperature of 5 cm and 10 cm soil layer showed IM < I < CK, and the cooling percentage and IM showed IM > I compared with CK; the cooling range of I and IM in each growth stage showed overwintering stage > jointing stage to maturity stage > returning to green stage to jointing stage compared with CK, and the cooling percentage showed IM > I. The days under 0 ℃ ground temperature of different soil layers in various wheat fields showed IM > I >CK, including 5cm soil layer > 10 cm soil layer. The ground temperature of 5 cm soil layer in irrigated wheat field (I-5) > the ground temperature of 5 cm soil layer in irrigated straw-mulched wheat field (IM-5) > the ground temperature of 5 cm soil layer in non-irrigated wheat field (CK-5), the ground temperature of 10 cm soil layer in irrigated straw-mulched wheat field (IM-10) >t he ground temperature of 10 cm soil layer in irrigated wheat field (I-10) > the ground temperature of 10 cm soil layer in non-irrigated wheat field (CK-10). From overwintering stage to maturity stage in the same wheat field, the days of ground temperature of 5cm soil layer ground temperature less than the ground temperature of 10 cm soil layer showed CK>I>IM. From overwintering stage to maturity stage in various wheat field, the ground temperature of 5 cm soil layer was as follows: the days I-5 bellow CK-5 > the days IM-5 bellow CK-5 > the days IM-5 bellow I-5, and 10 cm soil layer showed the same trend. The yield showed I > IM > CK, in which IM yield decreased 22.73% compared with I. Water use efficiency was I > IM > CK, irrigation water use efficiency was I>IM. This study provides theoretical basis for further research on mulching technology system and development of new mulching materials to reduce ground temperature (air temperature) and to increase yield.