To study the impact of water stress at different growth stages on relative chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and yield of grapes, and to explore the regulatory mechanism of chlorophyll fluorescence response under water stress at different growth stages of grapes and guide the irrigation strategy of grape growth. The 3-year fresh table grape "Rose Xiang" was used as the test material, and drip irrigation was adopted. Six water stress treatments (whole growth stage, germination stage, shoot growth stage, flowering stage, expansion stage, coloring stage) and one control treatment (fully irrigated field water capacity 90%) were set up. The results showed that: Water stress reduced chlorophyll relative content, Fv/Fm (maximum photochemical efficiency), Y ₍₂₎ (photochemical quantum yield), q^N (non-photochemical quenching coefficient), q^P (photochemical quenching coefficient), ETR (electron transfer rate) and other photosynthetic chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of grape, which later recovered after rehydration. Notably, water stress during the whole growth stage and expansion stage had an irreversible effect on the plant, which significantly reduced the individual fruit weight and ear weight, resulting in a yield reduction of 13.53% and 11.70%, respectively. However, water stress at germination stage did not significantly reduce the relative content of chlorophyll, and finally achieved an increase of 9.87%. It can be concluded that rehydration of water stress at germination stage will lead to the rebound of physiological indexes and realize the water-saving and yield-increasing of grapes.

To investigate the water uptake sources of sunflower roots and their utilization strategies in the irrigation area on the south bank of the Yellow River in Dalate Banner, the hydroxide isotope compositions (δD and δ¹⁸O) of the xylem water of sunflower and its various potential water sources (precipitation, soil water, and underground water) in the irrigation area on the south bank of the Yellow River in Dalate Banner were determined. Additionally, the water of sunflower in different irrigation regimes at different fertility stages was compared by utilizing the Direct Comparison Method and MixSIAR modeling study. The results showed that the water absorption depths of sunflower at seedling period, elongation period, irrigating period and maturity period were in the soil layers of 0~30 cm, 0~50 cm, 0~70 cm and 30~90 cm, respectively. The main water absorption layers of sunflower varied under different irrigation amounts. The average contribution of soil water to sunflower at depths of 0~10 cm, 10~30 cm, 30~50 cm, 50~70 cm, 70~90 cm and underground water were 22.17%, 17.99%, 18.74%, 14.68%, 15.97%, and 10.45%, respectively. Through correlation analysis, water contribution of soil layers below 50 cm was favorable for yield improvement, and water use of soil layers from 10 to 30 cm and 50 to 70 cm had a positive correlation with irrigation water use efficiency. Setting an irrigation rate of 187.5 mm significantly increased yield, and an irrigation rate of 100 mm significantly enhanced irrigation water use efficiency.

To investigate the impact of compound oligosaccharides on soil nutrients, enzyme activities, yield and quality of silage maize under different irrigation quotas, a two-factor three-level completely randomized design experiment was conducted. The field drip irrigation test was conducted in Gaoza Town, Litong District, Wuzhong City, Ningxia in 2022. Three irrigation levels W1 (2 100 m³/hm²), W2 (2 700 m³/hm²) and W3 (3 300 m³/hm²) and three combined oligosaccharide levels P1 (42 g/hm²), P2 (63 g/hm²) and P3 (84 g/hm²) were set up for a total of 9 treatments. Local oligosaccharide free treatment was used as control group (CK). The results showed as follows: ①The total nitrogen content exhibited an initial decrease followed by an increase throughout the growth stages, and the performance was the worst in the drawing-male stage. ②The activity of soil urease during the whole growth stage showed a pattern of "increase - decrease - increase", and the activity of soil urease in the spinning stage was the worst. ③Irrigation quota and complex oligosaccharides had significant effects on silage corn yield (P<0.05), and W3P3 treatment had the best performance, which increased 16% compared with CK treatment. ④The interaction of irrigation and complex oligosaccharides had significant effects on the quality of silage maize. W1P3 treatment showed the best performance, and the acid detergent fiber, crude ash, crude fat and crude protein increased by 15.1%, 45.96%, 27.54% and 14.98%, respectively, compared with CK. TOPSIS model was applied to the comprehensive evaluation, and it was found that irrigation quota of 3 300 m³/hm² and compound oligosaccharide application amount of 84 g/hm² could be considered as the optimal irrigation quota and compound oligosaccharide application strategy in this area.

The study aimed to investigate the effect of water-nitrogen coupling on the canopy structure and yield of Lycium barbarum, and to reveal the mutual feedback mechanism between the canopy structure of Lycium barbarum and evapotranspiration and nitrogen depletion. We took 4-year-old "Ningqi 1"as the research object during the 2014-2015 period. 4 levels of irrigation quotas (W1: 2 277 m³/hm², W2: 2 593 m³/hm², W3: 2 856 m³/hm² and W4: 3160 m³/hm²) and 3 levels of nitrogen application (N1: 501 kg/hm², N2: 668 kg/hm² and N3: 860 kg/hm² in 2014; N1: 620 kg/hm², N2: 854 kg/hm² and N3: 1 092 kg/hm² in 2015) were established to compare and analyze the differences in the canopy structure of Lycium barbarum and the yields under different water and nitrogen conditions. The results of the study showed that: Both years showed greater leaf area index (LAI) and mean leaf inclination (MTA) of Lycium barbarum in the W3N2 treatment, with LAI of 2.46 (2014) and 2.86 (2015), which were increased by 2.9% to 80.1% (2014) and 4.7% to 48.9% (2015) compared to other treatments (except W2N1 in 2015). The MTAs were 45° (2014) and 50° (2015), increasing by 7.1% to 40.6% (2014) and 6.4% to 28.2% (2015) over the other treatments.The transmittance (DIFN) of this treatment was in the middle of the treatments, ranging from 0.25 to 0.35. The results of the 2-year experiment all showed that the W3N2 treatment had the highest yield of 2599.9 kg/hm² (2014) and 4621.7 kg/hm² (2015), respectively, which increased by 42.5%~65.7% (2014) and 0.5%-15.9% (2015) compared to the other treatments. The evapotranspiration (ET _a) increased with the increase of LAI and MTA, but when the LAI exceeded 3, it suppressed canopy evapotranspiration. Lycium barbarum alkaline nitrogen consumption was greater when LAI tended to be 3, and MTA and DIFN ranged from 45°~50° and 0.25~0.35, respectively, and amounted to 883.4 kg/hm² and 1001.1 kg/hm² in 2014 and 2015, respectively. In the comprehensive analysis, under the ideal canopy and maximum yield target of wolfberry, the irrigation quota of 2 856 m³/hm², nitrogen application of 668 kg/hm² at the age of 4 years, and nitrogen application of 854 kg/hm² at the age of 5 years are most favorable for the growth and development of the canopy structure of Lycium barbarum and the acquisition of ideal yield. The results of the study can provide theoretical basis for Ningxia Lycium barbarum water and fertilizer management and canopy structure adjustment.

In order to explore the effect of drip irrigation amount with full film mulching on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of silage maize in Hexi irrigation area, the silage maize under four irrigation treatments of W₁ (water saving 30%), W₂ (water saving 20%), W₃ (water saving 10%) and W₄ (traditional irrigation) in Hexi irrigation area of Gansu Province was taken as the research object. The photosynthetic physiological characteristics, water use efficiency yield and yield changes of silage maize under different drip irrigation treatments were analyzed. The results showed that: ①With the exception of the jointing stage, the net photosynthetic rate (P_n ), transpiration rate (T_r ) and stomatal conductance (G_s ) of silage maize leaves under W₃ and W₄ treatments were significantly higher compared to W₁ and W₂ treatments (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between W₃ and W₄ treatments. ②From tasseling stage to maturity stage, the photosynthetic water use efficiency (WUE) of silage maize leaves under W₁ and W₂ treatments was significantly higher than that of W₃ and W₄ treatments (P<0.05). But during the jointing stage, the WUE of silage maize under W₃ treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments. ③P_n, T_r, G_s and intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i ) of silage maize leaves showed obvious diurnal variation characteristics of photosynthesis under different growth stages and different drip irrigation treatments. The diurnal variation amplitude, peak height and peak value of photosynthetic characteristics under W₃ and W₄ treatments were significantly different from those under W₁ and W₂ treatments (P<0.05). ④Compared to W₁ and W₂ treatments, W₃ and W₄ treatments significantly increased the stem weight, ear weight and biological yield of silage maize (P<0.05). However, compared to W₃ treatment, W₄ treatment had no significant effect on the yield and its components of silage maize. Comprehensive silage maize yield and photosynthetic characteristics, water use efficiency, under the condition of traditional fertilization with full film mulching, the yield of silage maize was the best when the drip irrigation amount was 5 535 m³/hm².

In order to explore the feasibility of resource treatment of rural domestic sewage, this study employed the micro-oxygen biological contact oxidation method in combination with tail water agricultural irrigation to address nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter in simulated rural domestic sewage. The influence of operating parameters on the treatment effect of micro-oxygen biological contact oxidation method was measured, and the influence of tail water agricultural irrigation on crop quality, groundwater and soil was discussed. The results showed that when the dissolved oxygen of the system was micro-oxygen (0.5±0.2 mg/L), the hydraulic retention time (HRT) and temperature had significant effects on the treatment effect of biological contact oxidation method. When the HRT was more than 4 h and the temperature was 30 ℃ or 20 ℃, the COD removal rate was greater than 73.32%. The COD concentration of effluent met all crop irrigation requirements (<100 mg/L), while the removal rates of NH₄ ⁺-N, TN and TP were lower than 50%, which effectively preserved part of nitrogen and phosphorus resources. Tail water irrigation improved crop yield, while vitamin C content and reducing sugar content did not decrease significantly and nitrate nitrogen content did not exceed the edible standard. In addition, soil texture improved after irrigation, pH increased from 4.96 to 5.78, electrical conductivity decreased from 1.925 mS/cm to 1.803 mS/cm, soil acidification improved and salinization decreased, and soil fertility remained at the first level. The use of micro-oxygen biological contact oxidation tank tail water for irrigation can not only effectively remove the pollutants, but also harness the nitrogen and phosphorus resources in it, which provides a theoretical basis for the resource treatment of rural domestic sewage.

To investigate the impact of different measures of drainage reuse on regional water-salt transport and transformation in saline-alkali lands, the Yonglian experimental area in the Hetao Irrigation District was selected as the study area. The SWAP-WOFOST model was used to calibrate and validate water-salt content in the 0~40 cm soil layer, as well as the yields of maize and sunflowers in the field. Surface drainage and sump-well water quality during the summer irrigation and autumn watering stages in the study area in 2017 and 2018 was conducted. According to the irrigation and drainage conditions in the research area, this study established scenarios for the reuse of open ditch drainage (canal water: well water: ditch water = 4∶3∶3, 5∶3∶2, 6∶3∶1) and the reuse of collection well water (canal water: machine well water: collection sump-well water = 4∶3∶3, 5∶3∶2, 6∶3∶1). With soil desalination rate (SDR) and water input and dry matter production (WIDP) as evaluation indicators for the simulation results in different scenarios. The results indicated that the SWAP-WOFOST model could effectively simulate the water and salt dynamics in the soil as well as the crop growth process in Hetao Plain, with R ² values exceeding 0.73, 0.63, and 0.65, respectively. The lack of connectivity between the upstream and downstream water bodies in the ditch drainage resulted in significant spatial variations in water quality. The evapotranspiration, yield, and salt concentration of different land use area in the experimental area were significantly influenced by irrigation and drainage measures and groundwater depth. In regions with unfavorable irrigation, the soil salt concentration was higher, and the shallow groundwater depth increased transpiration evaporation, which was the main reason for the reduction in crop yield. The simulation results indicated that the reuse of sump-well water had a more positive effect compared to ditch drainage. As the proportion of ditch drainage reuse increased, soil salt content exhibited an upward trend, increasing by 3%, 6%, and 11%, respectively. Meanwhile, DIWP showed no significant increase, indicating that ditch drainage water was not suitable for agricultural irrigation. The reuse of sump-well water lowered the groundwater depth in farmland, contributing to a decrease in the EC of the plow layer soil (R ²=0.81). The soil desalination rate could be increased to 36.2%~41.8%.

Resilience and efficiency are the two fundamental elements of sustainable development. Coordinating the development of ecological resilience and water use efficiency of agricultural water resources holds great practical significance for promoting ecological governance and high-quality agricultural development in the Yellow River Basin. The entropy weight-TOPSIS method and super-efficiency SBM model were used to measure the ecological toughness and water use efficiency of agricultural water resources in the Yellow River Basin.Additionally, the coupling coordination degree model was constructed to analyze the coordinated development level between these two factors. Using kernel density estimation, ArcGIS graph method, Dagum Gini coefficient and spatial autocorrelation, the spatio-temporal evolution pattern and spatial agglomeration effect of coupling coordination degree were investigated, and the driving factors were identified by geographic detector model. The results show that: ①In terms of spatio-temporal evolution, the mean coupling coordination degree of the whole basin from 2007 to 2021 presents a U-shaped trend, and the good coordination area presents a spatial pattern spreading from point to film, from north to southwest, and from the periphery to the interior. ②Regional differences: intra-regional differences in the middle reaches increased, intra-regional differences in the upstream and downstream narrowed, but the differences between the two regions were the largest. ③Spatial agglomeration: It tends to random distribution and the spatial agglomeration is weak, and no contiguous effect is formed. ④In terms of driving factors: natural disasters, R&D investment and industrial development are the main influencing factors of coordinated development degree. Considering the current situation of coordinated evolution and development, the integrated, serialized and diversified development strategies of "center driving edge", "technology collaborative management" and "government combined with market" are put forward.

In recent years, excessive nitrogen has significantly affected the quality of river water environment, resulting in the deterioration of water quality and eutrophication, which has become the main pollution problem of rivers in China. The change of river hydrodynamic conditions caused by the lifting of sluices will affect the migration and transformation of various forms of nitrogen in the river, and thus affect the degradation coefficient of different forms of nitrogen. Therefore, this study focuses on Dan River in Shanxi Province to explore the migration, transformation and degradation mechanism of nitrogen pollutants under the operation of sluice. The results showed that NH₄ ⁺-N was significantly correlated with the flow velocity, the linear regression equation is K（NH₄ ⁺-N）= 5.894 v-1.753 (R = 0.867，p<0.001), However, the degradation coefficients of NO₃ ^--N、NO₂ ^--N and TN were not significantly correlated with the flow velocity. In straight river section, degradation coefficients of NH₄ ⁺-N、NO₃ ^--N、NO₂ ^--N and TN were 0.37 d^-1、0.43 d^-1、0.24 d^-1 and 0.72d^-1 higher than those during sluice-closing period. In the curved river section, the degradation coefficients of NH₄ ⁺-N decreased by 0.4d^-1, and the degradation coefficients of NO₃ ^--N、NO₂ ^--N and TN increased by 0.67 d^-1、0.42 d^-1 and 0.87d^-1, during the opening and releasing period of the gate, compared to the closing period. During the opening and closing of the gate，the concentration of NH₄ ⁺-N decreased in the straight river section and increased in the curved river section, the concentration of NO₃ ^--N and the total amount of inorganic nitrogen decreased continuously in the straight and curved sections. The total amount of inorganic nitrogen decreases faster when the sluice was opened than the sluice was closed. The research results are helpful to reveal the mechanism of nitrogen removal in rivers under sluice operation, and the degradation coefficient of nitrogen pollutants in rivers can be improved by optimizing sluice operation.

In order to investigate the effects of different biochar applicationa on the migration and transformation of soil phosphorus in water-saving irrigated paddy fields, the study used a combination of field experiments and indoor laboratory analysis to investigate the migration and transformation patterns of AP and TP contents in 0~60 cm soil of water-saving irrigated paddy fields with biochar application, and to analyze the effects of biochar on the adsorption and desorption of phosphorus from paddy soils. The results showed that the soil AP and TP contents showed an increasing trend first and then decreased with the deepening of the soil layer. Biochar application increased the soil AP contents and PAC values (0~10 cm) of water-saving irrigated paddy fields by 28.27%~73.63% and 24.64%~61.98%, respectively, while reduced the soil TP contents by 3.51%~5.23%. The applied biochar mainly acted on the shallow soil, increasing the shallow soil AP content and decreasing the soil TP content, indicating that the biochar promoted the activation PAC value of the shallow soil phosphorus, and converted the mineral and organic phosphorus into the phosphorus form that was easily absorbed by the crop. In addition, biochar addition decreased soil phosphorus adsorption and increased phosphorus desorption, and the effect was more obvious with higher biochar addition. Both Langmuir equation and Freundlich equation could successfully fit the isothermal adsorption curve of soil phosphorus, and the fitting results showed that biochar addition decreased soil phosphorus adsorption capacity in terms of adsorption strength and adsorption capacity, yet an 8% biochar addition might increase the soil phosphorus adsorption capacity. Biochar addition affected the soil phosphorus activation coefficient by promoting the release of adsorbed phosphorus from the shallow soil, which in turn affected the adsorption desorption from the shallow soil. The results of the study can provide scientific and technological support for the sustainable utilization of water phosphorus resources in paddy fields.

Irrigation areas are crucial for the national water network construction, and precise measurement and control of the flow process through gates are key to water management in irrigation areas. This study aims to achieve real-time high-precision flow rate estimation for flat gates through physical experiments. Firstly, a simulation model was used to analyze the flow line, velocity distribution and the relationship between water depth and flow rate under different working conditions. Secondly, the results of the simulation model were used as the training set, and the Gene Expression Programming (GEP) algorithm was utilized to construct a gate flow rate algorithm that integrates water depth and opening before/after the gate. More simulation results were used as the test set to compare and analyze the performance of the algorithm. The results show that: ①Fluent numerical simulation can reproduce complex streamline and velocity distribution processes under different gate opening and flow rate combinations, and the simulated flow rate process fits well with the measured results.However, the efficiency is low and cannot meet the real-time requirements of actual gate control. ②The GEP algorithm can maintain the accuracy of the simulation model and achieve real-time computation. ③Compared with the classical segmented formula for gate outlet flow with multiple calibration parameters, the GEP algorithm without any calibration parameters has higher accuracy. ④Based on the simulation results of the model, the GEP algorithm has higher accuracy and better generalization than the BP neural network. Therefore, the GEP algorithm is more suitable for calculating the flow rate of flat gate and can provide technical support for water management in irrigation areas.

In order to explore the impact of slope and length of forward and reverse slope pipes on water output and drip irrigation uniformity of drip irrigation pipes, the inlaid patch drip irrigation tube was selected as the test object. The slope and the length of the pipe with the slope and against the slope were examined as variables. The study compared the water output and uniformity of drip irrigation at different levels based on these three factors. The results showed that the highest water output was observed at the inlet of the drip irrigation pipe. As the distance from the inlet increases, the water output tends to decrease. Longer lengths of downslope pipes resulted in lower drip irrigation uniformity. By establishing a functional model for optimization, it is found that the maximum drip irrigation uniformity achieved under three different slopes is 0.981 2, 0.896 6 and 0.900 6. When laying drip irrigation pipes on slopes in both directions, selecting the appropriate combination of pipe lengths for the forward and reverse slopes is crucial for achieving high uniformity. It should be selected within the range where the length difference between the slope pipe and the reverse slope pipe is small when the maximum uniformity of the above functional model is obtained. To ensure that the uniformity of drip irrigation meets the requirements.

Clarifying the change process and influencing factors of soil evaporation and establishing a simple and high-precision calculation model is crucial for improving water resource utilization efficiency and reducing ineffective water consumption. In this study, taking the cucumber grown in the greenhouse as an example, soil evaporation under drip irrigation conditions was continuously measured. By introducing the soil evaporation module from the Priestley-Taylor model, the soil evaporation process was divided into two stages (stage1: energy limiting stage; stage 2: falling rate stage). The study also explored the influence of three soil evaporation limiting coefficients (Deardorff, 1977: f_sw -1; Yao et al., 2013: f_sw -2; Ershadi et al., 2014: f_sw -3) on model accuracy. The results showed that: The soil evaporation of greenhouse cucumber under drip irrigation over the whole growth period varied from 0.13 to 9.15g/d, with an average value of 3.15 g/d, showing an overall trend of "increase-decrease-increase". The relationship between soil evaporation and surface water content or LAI was an e exponential function, which was positively proportional to water content and inversely proportional to LAI. The change process of soil evaporation coefficient was similar with soil water content, it increased rapidly after irrigation, and gradually decreased with the decrease of water content. The coefficient varied between 0.49 and 1.26 during the whole growth period. The performance of the three models in the stage 2 was better. The accuracy of the f_sw -1 was better than that of two other models, with MAE and RMSE of 0.14 and 0.21 mm/d, respectively. So soil evaporation under drip irrigation simulated by PT-f_sw -1 model has a high precision, which can provide a basis for accurately understanding water consumption of cucumber under drip irrigation in greenhouse.

Surface solar radiation (R_s ) data are important in hydrology, agriculture and ecology. Since only a few national meteorological stations have direct observation conditions, the Angstr?m-Prescott (A-P) formula is widely used to estimate daily Rs. While the two empirical coefficients a and b required by the A-P formula have been recommended by the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) (a = 0.25; b = 0.5), recent studies have emphasized that the localization of the formula parameters could help to improve the estimation accuracy. This study used daily surface solar radiation (R_s ) and other conventional meteorological data from 80 national weather stations with solar radiation observation data from 1967 to 2017 to derive reliable A-P formula coefficients in China mainland. First, the entire Chinese mainland was divided into four climatic zones: the Mountain Plateau Zone (MPZ), Subtropical Monsoon Zone (SMZ), Temperate Monsoon Zone (TMZ), and Temperate Continental Zone (TCZ). Next, the calibrated a and b values of the A-P formula were obtained at each weather station in different climate zones through linear regression, which were regarded as the observed values of the A-P formula coefficients. Four machine learning algorithms were applied to estimate the A-P formula coefficients. Each algorithm combined different input factor combinations to construct different estimation models for A-P formula coefficients. The accuracy of the estimated A-P formula coefficients and their impact on Rs estimation were evaluated. Some main conclusions were drawn as follows, when estimating the coefficient a, the SVM machine learning model with the five-factor input combination had the highest estimation accuracy, with R ² = 0.661, RMSE = 0.022, and nRMSE = 0.120. When estimating the coefficient b, the ELM machine learning model with the four-factor input combination had the highest estimation accuracy, with R ² = 0.550, RMSE = 0.031, and nRMSE = 0.055. Based on the A-P formula and the relevant coefficients a and b estimated with the selected optimal machine learning model to estimate Rs, the results showed that the nRMSE of the machine learning model are 0.168, 0.225, 0.138, and 0.180 in the MPZ, SMZ, TMZ, and TCZ zones, respectively. Therefore, we recommended the SVM model with five-factor input combination to estimate the coefficient a, and the ELM model with four-factor input combination to estimate the coefficient b,. Through which more accurate A-P formula coefficients could be obtained and thereby Rs estimation accuracy could be further improved with the A-P formula. This study provides a theoretical basis for the localization of A-P formula coefficients and the improvement of Rs estimation accuracy.

Soil and water erosion in sloped farmland will lead to the decline of crop yield and soil productivity. Slope and crop species are one of the main influencing factors. The comparative study of soil and water erosion in different slope and crop species is of guiding significance for the rational use of land and soil and water erosion prevention and control measures in southern red soil area. Four consecutive years of rainfall erosion observation were carried out on 5 °, 10 ° and 15 ° slopes with soybean, cassava, corn and other crops. The observation data from 2016 to 2019 showed that crop species had a significant impact on slope runoff and soil erosion. When the slope is the same, the runoff and sediment yield of soybean planting were significantly lower than vegetables under natural rainfall condition. Soybean planting not only can effectively reduce soil erosion in the year of planting, but also resulted in 0.6 t/hm² less soil loss per unit area two years after soybean planting compared to vegetable crops on the same slope..And peanut and cassava intercropping can reduce the annual runoff and runoff erosion, which is two-thirds of the same slope conditions. Under the condition of intercropping cassava and peanut, the runoff and sediment yield of 15 ° slope was significantly less than that of 10 ° slope. It shows that soybean planting and peanut cassava intercropping are more conducive to soil and water conservation in southern red soil area, and 15 ° slope is more conducive to planting economic crops.

Extreme weather has led to frequent flood disasters in recent years. To enhance the stability of the natural ecosystem, China has developed a comprehensive land greening program that involves large-scale tree planting and grass cultivation. This program aims to harness the capacity of plants to intercept rainfall, slow down runoff, reduce flood peaks, and mitigate the impacts of flooding. Most of the existing dynamic process models of plant interception are based on data fitting at present, with few models focusing on the intrinsic mechanism of plant interception, and most of them do not fully explore the whole process of plant interception. To illustrate the influence of tree canopy characteristics and rainfall characteristics on the plant interception process, and to accurately delimit the whole dynamic process of plant interception, the model was established based on the principle of water balance. The model is divided into several stages: crown intercept stage, trunk intercept stage, canopy and trunk saturation stage, rain dry stage. This division fully describe the plant accumulated intercept dynamic change process. By employing a curve-based approach, the model effectively addresses the issue of persistent rainfall plant interception. It has been proved that the average absolute error of the dynamic whole process model of plant interception is between 0.043 5 and 0.071 4, and the root mean square error is between 0.075 3 and 0.091 0. The simulation effect of plant interception process is generally good, which is embodied in the following: ①the change trend of the process curve of the cumulative retention amount between the model and the experiment. ②The model closely approximates the saturated interception amount and the time it takes to reach saturation in comparison to the experimental data. Furthermore, the model exhibits an overall trend where higher rainfall intensities result in more accurate fitting effects. The model can better present the change process of cumulative interception under different rainfall characteristics and plant characteristics, which can be used to predict plant interception.