Based on the daily rainfall data of 55 years from 1956 to 2010 collected by 112 precipitation stations above Bengbu lock,the Mann-Kendall test and wavelet analysis are used to analyze the spatial-temporal variation in four water resource divisions. The results indicate thataverage annual rainfall in the northern part of the study area is higher than that in the southern part. The rainfall of the divisions is decreasingin addition to the part of the south of Wangbang Region and there is a trend of increase in the rainfall in the whole study area. The rainfall decrease in the north of the area above Wangjiaba has gone through the Mann-Kendall test,while the rainfall in the south of the area aboveWangjiaba is inclined to increase. As a result of the extreme precipitation in 2003,the UF curve shows that the trend of the rainfall in thesouth of the area above Wangjiaba is not significant in the whole study period. Although the cycle of the rainfall of the whole study area andthe four water resource divisions was different,there was a common oscillation cycle of about 6 year. The spatial scale had effect on the research results.

Regarding the inefficiency and poor effect of traditional parameter selection methods in least squares support machines,the bat algorithm equipped with modeling simplification,powerful searching ability and fast convergence is employed to optimize the regularization parameter and kernel function parameter,and the least squares support vector machine prediction model for hydrological time series is proposed. In the light of the monthly runoff data of Liu Zhou Hydrological Station from 2000 to 2014,the least squares support machine model with the pertinent parameters being optimized by particle swarm optimization algorithm,the least squares support machine model with the relevant parameters being determined by using grid search and cross validation method,and back propagation neutral network model are utilized for comparison. The simulation results indicate that the least squares support machine model based on bat algorithm has better applicability and higher prediction accuracy,which offers a new approach for solving the problems of the nonlinear hydrological time series.

An objective interpolation method was applied to daily rainfall interpolation in lack-data area by considering the orientation relation and precipitation probability of each station .The application of the two methods, this method and the reverse distance weighting method ,to daily rainfall interpolation calculation for the Yangchang River Basin shows that this method is able to meet the precision need of the daily precipitation interpolation in lack-data area and is obviously superior to the reverse distance weighting method.

Hydro-climatic stations in Southwest China and Northeast China are adopted to discuss the feasibility of the application of the Budyko theory to hydro-climatic classification. In this study,169 stations in Southwest China and Northeast China are displayed on the Budyko curve. We discover that lots of stations in Southwest China and Northeast China fall on the same partition according to the traditional regionalization based on the dryness index. But the two regions apparently have large differences in dry-wet conditions and hydrological conditions. Thus,we introduce the evaporative index to consider the actual dry and wet conditions in basins and fit the Fu＇s equation that can reflect surface conditions. The research shows that the distribution of the stations in Southwest China is generally lower than Northeast China on the Budyko curve. Southwest and northeast overlapping stations are similar in hydrothermal conditions in proportion. Also,in each climatic zone,the precipitation decreases when the evaporative index increases. The results show that different locations on the Budyko curve comprehensively reflect the actual and potential hydrothermal conditions. Using Budyko theory can carry out hydro -climatic classification more effectively.

According to the Hotan River Basin data segment runoff data from1953 to 2014,and Wada weather precipitation (0.1mm),air
temperature,humidity (1%),the Mann-kendall mutation test,power spectrum analysis method and mold the coefficient differential quadrature method are used to analyze climate and runoff characteristics of the Hotan River Basin. The results show that Hotan River changes in rainfall are not significant,watershed temperature varies significantly. Precipitation changes every five years,the year 2001 mutated,the temperature change every 13 years,the year 1997 mutated. Hotan River runoff fluctuations represented an upward trend at the rate of 0.312 3,after standardization variation coefficient was 0.28,indicating that runoff inter-annual variability is relatively large and unstable. The Hotan River annual runoff is a little more than 3.2% or 0.8% less than the normal. The impact of climate change on runoff is mainly caused by temperature.

To solve the rate of uncertainty during the artificial trial of hydrological model and explore parameter estimation of global optimal solution,Shuffled Complex Evolution-University of Arizona (SCE-UA)algorithm is applied to optimize the parameters of both three-component Xin＇anjiang model and vertically-mixed runoff model in this paper. The optimization process has developed two-model parameters boundary and selected SCE-UA algorithm parameter chiefly containing the complex number of p and established the objective function based on three elements of peak,magnanimity,flow process. By case analysis,the result shows that SCE-UA algorithm is applicable to both three-component Xin＇anjiang model and vertically-mixed runoff model parameters adjustment and the precision under SCE-UA optimization of vertically-mixed runoff model is higher than those of three-component Xin＇anjiang model.

SF-G fluid flow sensors and CIRAS-3 portable photosynthesis instrument were taken to analyze the change law of stem-flux and photosynthetic parameters in walnut trees by drip irrigation in south Xinjiang. The results showed that the diurnal variation curve of stem-flux was demonstrated two peaks in a clear day, which reached the peak at about 13:30 and 17:30, while it appeared multiple peak curve in a overcast daytime. Stem-flux was positive correlated with solar radiation and atmospheric temperature, and was negative correlated with atmospheric humidity. There was a significant positibe correlation between photosynthetic parameters and Gs, Tleaf, WUE. Photosynthetic parameters wrer negatively related to RH and Ci，and significant correlation to Pn and Tr.

In soybean planting,the manual control mode is still dominant,fully automated low popularity,mostly existing automated irrigation soil moisture will be collected with a given threshold comparison irrigated main way. Although the traditional fuzzy control technology can
solve the problem of establishing precision irrigation model by the nonlinear field environment inertial delay brought about,the relatively fixed
structure parameters do not apply to precision irrigation. Simulation results show that,compared to the PID control scheme,the overshoot and
response time,this method has increase by 55.17% and 62.57%,compared with the traditional fuzzy control scheme,the overshoot and response time,this method has increased by 30.36 % and 46.44%,greatly improved the accuracy of irrigation; irrigation compared to manual
control mode can save 20% of water resources,water-saving irrigation soybean automation provides a new way of thought.

In order toexplorethe effects of different water suppliedon the root vigor of winter wheat, four standards of irrigation depths which are the ground irrigation, and 60%,75%, and 90%ofthe root depth were studied, measuring the different layers soil moisture content and the root vigor of winter wheat during thewhole stage.The results show that: for the deeper irrigation methods, the surface irrigation amount decreasedandthe deeper layers increased withtheincreasingof irrigation depth.The superficial root vigor of the ground irrigation was almost the biggest andthe value of that of 90%treatment was the minimum. At thelaterstage,the deeper root vigor of the 65%, 75% and 90% irrigation treatmentswould exceed the ground irrigation and even exceed the surface layer root vigor, and deep irrigation treatments delayed the senescence of the root. But too deeper irrigation depth would have effecton the vigor of root in surface soil layer. So it should select the appropriate irrigation depth. In this experiment, the irrigation depth decided on the basis of60% and 75% of root depth could improve the overall root vigor of winter wheat.

In order to simulate rice growth under alternating stress of drought and waterlogging,different irrigation plans are formulated by regulating farmland water. The weights of 3 categories and 10 indexes are calculated by entropy weight method. TOPSIS method is used to calculate the relative fit,and the irrigation plans affected by drought alternating stress is calculated. According to the calculated results of the model,the effect of waterlogging after droughts on rice growth is greater than the droughts after waterlogging. The jointing and booting stages are greatly influenced by alternating stress of drought and waterlogging,and the other two growth periods are weakened in turn. Results accord with the experimental rules and it has a certain practical value.

The discipline of data mining emerges with the development of information technology and maturation of methods of data collection,storage and management. For crop evapotranspiration (ET0 )parameter calculation has more complex and nonlinear noise characteristics,a data mining method named random forest is researched. The data mining modeling process introduced the concept called knowledge flow,through hierarchical knowledge flow model,checking knowledge flow distribution and flow situation and seizing the key link by different aspects and levels were carried out. It provided more accurate and efficient support for modeling. It will be applied to the calculation of crop evapotranspiration and verified by building a model which takes Xian weather data as input parameters and contrast it with the results from FAO56 Penman-Monteith formula. The result shows that the data mining model based on knowledge flow is of high accuracy,good stability and strong generalization ability. It can effectively predict the crop evapotranspiration. Compared to other models,it has higher efficiency and better performance,especially applicable to the prediction of large samples＇ crop evapotranspiration. It also has certain reference value for judging crop water requirements.

Heilongjiang province is the country's major agricultural province, the proportion of commercial grain output up to 70%, the output of the commodity grain leads to a large number of virtual water outflow. By the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) recommended calculation model, three kinds of agricultural products in Heilongjiang Province, the total amount of virtual water and virtual water output. Research shows that: Heilongjiang commodity grain output of virtual water volume larger, virtual water rice maximum output, and continued to show growth trend, virtual maize water output stable growth, soybean virtual water output has decreased. Virtual water outflow has an impact on the regional water resources and ecological. In order to solve this problem should take the development of modern water-saving agriculture, improve the comprehensive water efficiency of grain production, and study the implementation of commodity grain virtual water transport motion compensation policy.

Introduced and summavized the representative research methods and results for the frequent extreme low water level problem of the Poyang Lake in recent years,through the aspects of the River-Lake relations among the Poyang Lake,Yangtz River and Five Rivers, revealing that the Three Gorges Dam and the extensive activity of coping down are important reasons of the trends of Poyang Lake’s conditions of water and sediment, and may cause the pollution of the lake’s environment get worse, providing a certain direction of solving the wetland degradation problem.

Current rainwater runoff non-point source pollution water quality monitoring data are scarce. It is difficult to assess the drawbacks
of the pollution load. BP neural network is applied to assess the pollution load. In this paper,the monitoring area 20 rainfall in 2014－2015 is used as the sample data,principal component factors as the input,pollutant EMC (in SS)as the output,the three-layer BP neural network model is constructed,then the runoff pollution loads of the corresponding years are calculated by SPSS and MATLAB tools. And the Schueler method is used to verify the calculation results. The results show that the relative error is 2.7%. High precision,strong adaptability and building model based on BP neural networks are an effective way to evaluate the pollution load of storm water runoff.

According to the characteristics of dynamic WEC,this paper offers the way to design hydrological conditions,combined with the water pollution load control requirements. Based on domestic WEC calculation standard,existing techniques and other hydrological condition design principles,this paper gives hydrological conditions design process to meet the water-body and chemical changes. The determination of hydrological condition of cross-section has become the key to calculate the WEC. As for Huntai River watershed,the WEC of COD is 144 626t,and WEC in low-flow period,level period,and high-flow period accounts for 16.2%,35.4% and 48.4% respectively. The WEC of amino -nitrogen is 9 776 t,and WEC in low-flow period,level period,and high-flow period accounts for 16.2%,35.4% and 48.4% respectively.The rationality of dynamic WEC results has become a basis for judging the reliability of hydrological conditions design.

The lower Jinsha River is one of the conservation areas of rare fishes in China. With the construction of cascade reservoirs,it will
definitely have negative impacts on the aquatic biota. To mitigate those negative effects,the dynamic calculation method and a modified FDC method are employed to calculate the minimum and appropriate ecological flow of Jinsha River. According to different ecological demands,four types of constraints are settled respectively,engineering constraint,minimum ecological flow constraint calculated by dynamic calculation method,minimum ecological flow constraint calculated by a modified FDC method,appropriate ecological flow constraint calculated by a modified FDC method. Then a reservoir operation model coupled with ecological demand is developed. The result shows that,under the minimum ecological flow constraint,most of the typical years can achieve the best power generation goal. But on the contrary,all of the typical years face a reduction in power generation under the appropriate ecological flow constraints. Further,the results of coefficient of determination of each scheme show that,under the appropriate ecological flow constraint,the outflow is more close to the natural inflow.

The study analyzed the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in over-exploited area of northern Wei Fang and elaborated the temporal and spatial variation of hardness and TDS. Meanwhile, it revealed the law of groundwater quality under the influence of over-exploitation in recent years. It is based on the hydrochemistry elements of shallow groundwater in the over-exploited areas by the comprehensive use of radial plot, box-whisker diagram and Piper diagram. The results showed that:①Hydrochemistry type in over-exploited area changed in the recent years. The chemical types of groundwater were mainly dominated by Na+—K+—HCO3- and Ca2+—Mg2+—HCO3- in 2000, and they were Na+—K+—HCO3-—Cl- ,Ca2+—Mg2+—HCO3-—Cl- in 2012. ②Excessive exploitation of groundwater changed the flow field of groundwater, increased the infiltration recharge and pollution of water, which resulted in the increase of total hardness and TDS concentration. ③From the view of interannual variation of the groundwater chemical composition：Na+, K+, Cl- and HCO3-were the same as groundwater level, and the ionic concentration changed with the fluctuation of groundwater level. Ca2+, Mg2+ and SO42- increased with decreasing groundwater level. Over-exploitation leads to increase dissolution of minerals containing calcium and magnesium and gypsum, thereby increasing the infiltration capacity and ion concentration.

Aiming at the disadvantages of high-cost and limited monitoring sites of Wenzhou water quality monitoring, taking Wen-Rui Tang River as study area, this paper develops multiple linear regressions (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) models to estimate TN and TP concentrations from high spatial resolution remote sensing imagery and in situ water samples collected concurrently with overpassing satellite. It turned out that, the average relative errors of MLR and ANN are respectively 15.45% and 6.70% for TN, while 13.91% and 13.62% for TP. Two models are effective for monitoring water quality state and spatial distribution of Wen-Rui Tang River with the value of in-depth research and extension.

Carrying capacity is one of the important index which can describe the relationship among environmental resources and socioeconomic development, it is the important index that can describe the relationship between water environment and human economic and social activities. In consequence, clarity which socio-economic factors will have an important effect for Carrying capacity, and then regulation of socio-economic factors, according to the natural resources environment, it has become the effective means for the coordination of social economic development and resource environment protection, in the limit of Carrying capacity. Based on this, through method comparison, use SD method, construction model of WECC tally with the actual situation in this paper, taking Siping as example. It can be analyzed the significant of influencing factors of water environmental carrying capacity. To determine the influence factors of water environmental carrying capacity. The analysis results show that in the elements of social economy, the change of population is the major contributors of the ammonia nitrogen content in the water environment; The main factors to influenced the water consumption is agricultural production; The second industry output value is the important factors influencing the COD content in water environment. The conclusion is as follows: the main factors influencing the Water Environment Carrying Capacity (WECC) is included population, agricultural output, the second industry output value and its related factors. Therefore, the balance of water environment and social and economic development can be through the population, and the second industry in agricultural production inputs and structure to adjust. To coordinate development in WECC.

Based on the data of continuous measurement of hydrodynamics and nutrients of the Shennong Bay was conducted during September and November 2013, the goal of this study is to investigate the effect of reverse density flow on nutrients distribution of the Shennong Bay during impoundment of Three Gorges Reservoir. The results show that during impoundment, the water backward flow from main stream into Shennong Bay respectively by surface layer, middle and bottom in the form of density flow. The N/P ratio at the upstream of the Shennong Bay ranged between 10 and 22 during the initial stage of impoundment, indicating a higher risk of algal bloom at the upstream compared to the downstream; the TP concentration of the bay increased from the initial 0.056 mg/L to 0.11 mg/L, the TN concentration increased from 1.30mg/L to 2.02 mg/L during the second stage of impoundment, the bay was characterized by the N/P ratio of 14-20 which was ideal for algal growth; the TP concentration of the bay dropped from 0.11 mg/L to 0.049 mg/L, the TN concentration dropped from 2.02 mg/L to 1.77 mg/L during the third stage of impoundment, indicating the highest risk of algal bloom; the third stage of impoundment was characterized by negligible water level changes and the N/P ratio > 22, indicating a reduced risk of algal bloom compared to the previous two stages due to the restriction of phosphorus nutrient.

A serious inrush water problem occurred during the construction period of Yuelongmen Tunnel. It not only restricts security tunnel excavation,but also triggers vegetation ecological health problem of the area due to the decrease of groundwater level. This paper makes use of the treated common brick to simulate the field rock mass with a combinational fractured-vuggy-porous feature,designs and builds a physical model of tunnel seepage according to the hydro-geological conditions of the tunnel and on the basis of the principle of similar model. The physical model considers both cases in which the angles between the main crack of rockmass and horizontal direction are 0 ° and 60 ° respectively. The seepage test is carried out on 8 working conditions. The test results are analyzed and some conclusions have been drawn: (1)The direction of the main crack has a great impact on seepage. The water gushing phenomenon is more prominent when the main crack and flow direction angle is smaller. (2)The decline of the water level above tunnel is fastest,and the water level away from the tunnel axis decreases more slowly,the stable water level is higher. The connecting line of water level of these measured points located in the same height presents
landing funnel shape. (3)The stable seepage time obtained from the experiment is consistent with the prototype observation results. (4)The influenced range of model tests and the numerical calculation of tunnel excavation is relatively close.

The mode II fracture toughness of rock plays an important role in predicting composite fracture failure, and its test method should consider weakening the tensile stress at the crack tip, so that the mode II fracture occurs the first. Based on the shear-box method measuring mode-II fracture toughness from sandstone in Jinping Hydropower Station, it is found that large tensile stress still exists at the crack tip in theoretical model, and that the shortcomings of the original test method are pointed out. The experimental results show that the original shear-box mode is difficult to achieve pure shearing, which influences the results of the mode II fracture toughness. A new test method is proposed, which is symmetrically loaded and more fit for the mechanical characteristics of the shear-box with 45? and is more appropriate for mode II fracture toughness test of rock. In addition, the mode II fracture toughness formula of the new shear test methods is amended using the finite element software ABAQUS, which greatly reduces the impact of the crack size effect. Finally, by conducting mode II fracture toughness test trials, the mode II fracture toughness of sandstone is obtained, and the mean value is about 3.1MPa ? m0.5, which is greater than KIIC (2.65 MPa?m0.5) measured from the original shear-box. Some reference and application value would be provided by this test research for the engineering practice of Jinping hydropower station.

New assembly buttressed retaining wall structure has its own advantages,such as environment-friendliness,beauty and rapidity,but there are the joint faces between the old and new concrete and joint affecting the integrity of the retaining wall structures. By using the finite element method based on the regulation project of Maling River in Suqian City,the law of stress and deformation of new assembly buttressed retaining wall under earthquake action,the ultimate aseismic capacity,the influence on seismic behavior of the structure by different parameters of the joint faces are studied. The results show that the shear stress of the joint faces between the old and new concrete is smaller than the anti-sliding force,elastic shear deformation is small and meets the application requirements. The tensile stress in the joint is far less than the tensile strength of concrete. The ultimate seismic capacity of new assembly buttressed retaining wall is 0.50 times the gravitational acceleration by overload method. The structure has equivalent seismic capacity when the friction is not less than 0.4,the seismic capacity decreased significantly when the friction is 0.2. New assembly buttressed retaining the wall of the project meets the safety requirements and the technical scheme is feasible.

In order to study the variation characteristics of shear strength parameters of unsaturated laterite with water content and matric suction under different dry density. In this paper, the influence of matric suction on shear strength parameters of unsaturated laterite in Jiangxi under different dry densities is studied by means of GEO-Experts pressure plate tests and a series of direct shear tests with different water content. The results show that the greater the dry density is, the greater the shear strength parameters are. The apparent cohesion and internal friction angle in a certain matric suction range (400kPa) increased with the increase of the matric suction. The apparent cohesion and apparent internal friction angle increased in the low matric suction area, and the increase is smaller in the high matric suction area. Under the same matric suction, the larger the dry density of soil samples, the shear strength parameters of unsaturated laterite are also larger. is a constant when the matric suction is low. When the value of the matric suction is more than a certain value, decreases with the increase of the matric suction.

Based on the analysis of hydrogeological conditions and the balance of water quantity in the study area,the flow model of the Liang-Ji basin is built by using Visual MODFLOW software. The model is identified and verified by the observation data and the measured data of the South-to-North water transfer,which proves the model＇s rationality and effectiveness. Moreover,the model forecasts the changes of groundwater level in the next five years. The results show that: ①The groundwater flow field will not change significantly in 2020. ②The groundwater table will overall uplift in 2020,and the maximum lifting height can reach 6.0 m. ③Compared with 2015,the groundwater fluctuation will change little within the year in 2020. ④The annual variation of groundwater will range from 0. 5 to 1. 0 m in 2020. ⑤The groundwater can be recharged by 9.8×104 m3 /d.

U-shape concrete channel is widely applied as field canal to water delivery and water-saving irrigation. However, the bad quality of U-shape concrete channel’s lining construction is diffusely savaged too. The reason goes to that the key points of U-shape concrete channel construction technical are not valued or mastered. Besides, there is no suitable or feasible construction machinery. Therefore, starts from the construction preparation of U-shape channel, this paper analyses the impact of construction procedures such as earthwork channel roller compaction, U-shape section excavation, cast-in-place concrete lining construction to the quality of project; introduces the working principle and key points of the excavating-and-lining machine for U-shape concrete channel; contrasts and analyses the impact of different construction methods for U-shaped concrete channel’s quality with measured data.

The Rayleigh-Benard convection is one of typical models for studying the patterns and nonlinear dynamics of non-equilibrium convection. In this paper,the hydrodynamic equations were sloved by using software FLUENT, By using a two-dimensional numerical simulation of the hydrodynamic equations, Spatio-temporal structure of Rayleigh-Benard convection in a rectangular channel with ＝10 at Prandtl number Pr=1 and Pr=6.99 were studied, the convection flow field with different wave numbers is founded in a certain range of R.?The bifurcation with two different Prandtl number is studied for stationary overturning convection.

As a main flow component of the Mixed-flow pump,post-guide vane plays an important role in improving the flow field of the impeller and influencing the hydraulic characteristics. In order to study the influence of different post-guide vane structures on the hydraulic characteristics of the mixed-flow pump,three programs are built up according to the matching position of splitter vane,and each type is analyzed in terms of efficiency,lift and internal flow field condition,choosing five flow condition spots,which are 0.6Qd,0.8Qd,1.0Qd,1.2Qdand 1.4Qd with CFD numerical calculations. The results show that the hydraulic characteristics are greatly influenced by different positions of short guide vanes. In designing flow conditions,short guide vane has relatively smooth flow field in the import of the post-guide vane channel, smaller vortex in export and better performance of the whole hydraulic performance. While the condition deviates from the design flow,the whole hydraulic performance is good in the export. The research results can provide a reference for the design of vane structures of mixed-flow pumps.

Most large-scale pump units have installed condition monitoring systems currently. How to extract fault features from the original data is a major and hot focus of the water pump faults diagnosis. The paper based on wavelet analysis, presents a method combining wavelet packet transform with sample entropy for signal feature extraction. Firstly, it decomposes the vibration signal by wavelet packet transform to obtain wavelet packet coefficients. Then, it reconstructs wavelet packet coefficients through the method of wavelet packet transform combining samples entropy algorithm to obtain feature vectors consisting of each band signal sample entropy characteristic elements. Finally, the method combining wavelet packet transform with sample entropy is proved, by the analysis of the vibration signal along with LVQ neural network, to play a good performance in identifying different running condition of water pump units. It is a suitable method to extract fault features from pump units.

The actual operation of hydropower stations has the characteristics of complicated constraints,close hydraulic relationships between reservoirs,and numerous decision variables. Especially when various optimal operating rules and means applied in actual operations, the simulation of hydropower system is facing a number of technical challenges. This paper focuses on the status that most optimal operation algorithms and reservoirs’operation simulation platforms are not uniform,establishes a hybrid programming platform based on MATLAB and C++ computer language,which transfers the MATLAB based on operating rules derivation function into a dynamic library routine. The routine can be adopted by hydropower system simulation model in C++ environment,thus the operating rules can be derived in real time and motivate the hydropower actual operation and simulation. A case study of the large-scale giant reservoirs system for Jinsha River shows that the integrated platform can implement simulation of various operating rules and various hydropower stations,which has increased the coding efficiency significantly,and broadened the compatibility and scalability of optimization theory in practical application,thus offered important technical support and decision support for the increase of actual hydropower stations operation level in China.

To solve the problem of voltage deviation of the distribution networks with rich small hydropower, an approach of feeder improvement is suggested, in which, comprehensive application of expanding the cross section of conductors and cable replacement are used. The influence of the small hydropower on voltage deviation is analyzed. It is pointed out that both the high voltage and low voltage problems can be solved by reducing the resistance and the reactance of the feeder. The optimization model is established, in which, the investment of conductor expanding and cable replacement is used as the index. The random optimization algorithm is introduced to find out the best planning scheme. An example is given to illustrate the proposed approach, the results of which show that it is feasible and effective to improve the voltage quality of the distribution grids with rich small hydropower.

Flow capacity-head should be tuned in the actual operation of pumping stations in order to meet different needs. However,the mismatching in running combination of constant-rate pumps and speed governing pumps may lead to the low operating efficiency of pumping stations. To solve this problem,a new mathematical model of optimizing operation of pumping stations in which the minimum total power of pumping stations as objective functions,total flow of pump groups,water supply capacity of single pump and speed regulation ratio of speed governing pumps as constraints is established. The operation numbers of the pumps in parallel,speed ratio of speed governing pump and flow distribution of flux of each pump were determined by utilizing artificial bee colony algorithm and optimizing operation of pump station was achieved.The protocol of optimizing operation obtained by calculating the optimal operation of certain pumping stations. The comparison of applicability between artificial bee colony algorithm and standard genetic algorithm in optimizing the operation of pumping stations was then performed. The results show that artificial bee colony algorithm value is better,the rate of convergence is faster and the computation of time is less,which demonstrates that the proposed algorithm possesses higher practical values in optimizing the operation and adjacent neighborhood of pumping stations.

Wavelet packet sample entropy is used to extract the pump units in every vibration state of sample entropy value as the feature vectors of support vector machine (SVM),and then the SVM classifier is used to classify. Then on this basis,the fault diagnosis of the unit vibration is carried out. In order to verify the effect of this method in practical production,a lot of experiments were done on the experiment platform of vertical pump units. The experimental results show that the pump unit vibration fault diagnosis method has high reliability.

For hydraulic,electrical and mechanical reasons,pump units will be damaged at run time. Traditional repair methods include maintenance,after the accumulation of damage into the failure of the unit emergency shutdown maintenance. In order to solve the defects of the methods,this paper introduces a set of on-line monitoring system of large pump units based on LabWindows/CVI. This paper briefly introduces the components of this system,the design scheme,the basic function and the theoretical basis. We validate the system in the test rig of the pump rotor system. The system collects signals from normal and parallel misalignment. Then the system analyzes the signal by time domain analysis,frequency domain analysis and rotor orbit analysis. Lastly,we have proved the feasibility of the system.

The development of industry and the emission of sewage cause the pollution of underground,groundwater pollution and the people＇s interests are closely related to scientific problems. Currently the drinking water project solves the problem of drinking water in some areas.To solve this problem,this paper adopts the bucket into water,water storage capacity and establishes a balance relationship between the water drop location and terrain catchments. Outside the filter is antifreeze and less investment. By engineering practice,an example is given to illustrate the catchments type filter press since the gills,and a method for determining the size of the for plain provides a reference for the design of urban and rural drinking water safety project.

Echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease and has a huge hazard to the health of human beings and animals in pastoral areas
and agricultural and pastoral areas. The prevention of echinococcosis is an important content of the national action plan of endemic disease prevention and control. Based on the water supply status,combined with the echinococcosis eggs＇ characteristics of transmission route,form structure,environmental resistance and an inactivated way. The main technical points of the centralized and decentralized water supply and the cautions of construction and running management are put forward in this paper. To ensure the safety of water supply and long-acting of water supply engineering,the priority work should focus on the selection of water source,filtering,hygiene protection,water quality testing and professional services. Meanwhile,strengthening publicity is also important for prevention echinococcosis.

At present,the mode of appropriate disinfection technology in decentralized water supply engineering has not yet been established. To improve water quality of decentralized water supply systems,combined with pre-water treatment and ultraviolet disinfection,based on low -pressure and high intensity ultraviolet and water quality security unit (PP cotton filter and activated carbon filter),barrel-type ultraviolet disinfection device is developed in this paper. The actual application effect of barrel-type ultraviolet disinfection device is studied in a household water supply system of northern area. Results show that the barrel-type ultraviolet disinfection device can guarantee the water microbial safety effectively. The ultraviolet lamp radiated 5 min /h can kill 90 CFU/100 mL total coliforms in raw water. The barrel-type ultraviolet disinfection device has a broad application prospect with simple maintenance and low annual running cost.

This paper, analysised the variation rules of soil fertility and moisture to the multi-base Structure by the project of Xia jiang reservoir construction. Through four years's experimental research showed that most of the indicators including total nitrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content of the Lifted demonstration area were lower than the not lifted field area, which indicated that the topsoil was affected by lifting field , the soil nutrient content was decreased in some extent, and soil nutrient content needed for growth was undermined. After taking straw with chemical fertilizers, soil organic matter had been effectively improved, and it also modulated the total nitrogen content of the soil and nitrogen,improved soil fertility role.What more,dry bulk density of the topsoil in the lifted field area was lower than before lifted ,the field capacity had increased in some extent, and soil structural properties had been improved.

The breadth and depth of the farmers’ participation of the management and maintenance of the irrigation and water conservancy facilities directly affect the comprehensive utility of water conservancy facilities, and it reflects the level of organization of agricultural production from individual level. With the deepening of the reform of market economy, agricultural production set off a tide of cooperation, the management and maintenance of irrigation and water conservancy facilities need to be changed from government separate actions to multiple participation(water users associations is main body) ,and cultivate the contract spirit of participation members in the consciousness, cooperation, democracy and responsibility. As an important force to participate in the management and maintenance of the irrigation and water conservancy facilities, farmers’ contract spirit is relatively weak, the management and maintenance of irrigation and water conservancy facilities is insufficient and ineffective. Thus, we should adjust methods and cultivating farmers' contract consciousness and shaping the citizen culture through economic driven, education edification, regulations and practical experience, which creates a "soft environment for the management of irrigation and water conservancy facilities.

Water resource is a key to the stability of the Hani Rice Terraces. To adapt the high slope of mountainous environment,utilize water resource rationally,avoid disputes of water use,the Hani people created and maintained a unique woodcarving allocating management system of irrigating water (WAMSIW)during the rice farming of terraced fields. We take the WAMSIW of Yakou Ditch in Yuanyang County as the object,based on field investigations and interviews,sum up the ditch excavation,the electing way of ditch leaders and their responsibilities,and draw the spatial distribution of the water-allocating woods,quantify the number of water-allocating woods and their relationships. The results are as follows: ① The director of the ditch,who is elected by a certain way of villagers,should manage the Yakou Ditch. He can get 1326kg to 1 770 kg wet rice just harvested from rice terraces as the labor compensation to manage the Yakou Ditch. It is equivalent to the rice harvest of 3 to 4mu terraced fields which shows a good income of ditch leader. ② There are 16 water-allocating woods on the Yakou Ditch,among which 12 woods have 2 carving-gates,1 wood has 4 carving-gates and the other 3 woods have 3 carving-gates. ③ In the spatial distribution,impacted by the micro-topography,the water-allocating wood is mainly distributed in the lower part of Yakou Ditch. ④ About the length of water-allocating woods,the longest is 254 cm,the shortest is 86cm and the average is 141 cm. The speed of water flow is 39.44 cm/s,the maximum,minimum and average water flow are 387.50,12.50 and 168.75 cm3 /s respectively. If the terrain is flat,the water-allocating wood’s length is longer,and the water speed is slower,which indicate the water flow is impacted by water depth,flow speed and topography.

Property rights issues have been living in the core position when we discussion the allocation of water resources and other public resources. In this paper, we first discuss the problem of water resources property right, and hold the point that the definition of property rights and the protection of property rights is the double core in the problem of resource allocation. Secondly, the water right trade and its predicament in the basin are analyzed from the perspective of deregulation of property rights,the difficulty and emphasis of the water right trade in the present stage are defined, and the related solutions are put forward.

This essay means to evaluate “Collect then Refund” water-pricing mechanism by analyzing the policy’s effect on farmers’ livelihood, using difference-in-difference model. The results show that the implementation of this mechanism will not decrease crop production and farmers’ income, and will even enhance crop production. So it is of great significance to pursue this mechanism in groundwater overexploitation areas.

Groundwater table decline increases the deterioration of the ecological environment in Xinjiang irrigation,so this paper takes Manasi River Irrigation District as a research area,the groundwater balance model is established based on the principle of water balance,then aquantitative analysis of the groundwater equilibrium elements,which provides a scientific basis for reasonable exploitation and utilization of groundwater resources. The results show that in the typical years,the irrigation district of groundwater are all negative equilibrium. At the same time,canal infiltration,river seepage recharge,lateral recharge and field irrigation infiltration are the main recharge sources of the groundwater irrigation district,accounting for 32.34% ～ 33.34%,10.22% ～ 22.28%,15.55% ～ 19.70%,15.31% ～ 17.64% of the total recharge,respectively. The main discharge way of the groundwater is artificial exploitation with the proportion of the total discharge of 41.77%～ 51.83%.Practice has proved that the canal system infiltration plays an important role in maintaining groundwater dynamic balance,strictly controlling groundwater exploitation is an effective way to prevent groundwater table from dropping rapidly.

Based on GIS,RS technical support,land use change in Jingdian Irrigation Area in 1973,1987,2003 and 2014 are analyzed.
The results show that: ① In the study period,grassland,desert,sandy and saline area decreased,while the arable land,woodland,residential area increased. In Jingdian Irrigation Area,the Gobi was the landscape matrix in 1987,and in 2014 it was the arable land. ② Influenced by farmland salinization process,although the salinization area is small and gradually decreases,salinization hazard for regional social economy is increasing anually.