SiB2(Simple Biosphere Model version 2) is a land surface process model combined plant physiology and soil micrometeorology to study the water, energy and CO2 flux variation in single-layer vegetation. In order to make the SiB2 be suitable for the small watershed ecosystem of farmland in low-hilly red soil areas in Jiangxi province, according to the measurements of experimental site in peanut fields in Yujiang and the classifications of soil and crop from SiB2, we confirmed soil characteristic parameters and peanuts morphology parameters, adjusted some peanuts physiological and optical parameters and modified the calculations of longwave radiation in SiB2. On this basis, the selection of nearly strata observation data in seedling, flowering and plump-eared three key growing stages of peanut were inputted into the model to acquire short-term simulation about the dynamic changes of peanut root field’s soil moisture, explore the influences on the simulation results brought from the characteristics of peanut in different growing stages and meteorological factors and propose a single-point scheme of data assimilation base on Ensemble Kalman Filter on account of improving precision. Validated with the data of observation, the results show that, in different growing periods, the less extreme the weathers and the more stable the biological form of the peanut plants, the more accurately the simulation results will be acquired. After the data assimilation, the precision of the model was improved obviously.

Compared with the local flooding model and based on fully random design，the field test was carried out in the Hexi Corridor ( Yongchang County，Gansu Province) under sprinkler irrigation and three irrigation volume treatments ( Ihigh，I，Ilow : 3 300，2 550，1 800 m3 / hm2 ) and two fertilization treatments ( Fhigh，F，Flow : 337．5，225，187．5 kg /hm2 ) ． Then the distribution characteristics of nitrate nitrogen in 80 cm soil layer under different irrigation methods，irrigation and fertilization treatments and growth period is studied． The results show that the content of NO3－N is higher in 0～ 60 cm soil layer with sprinkler irrigation，and the amount of fertilizer is the main factor that causes the change of NO3－N content in the same soil layer． The analysis of the difference between heading and post-harvest shows that nitrate nitrogen is leached to the 40 ～ 60 cm soil layer under the condition of high sprinkler irrigation water，to 80 cm and deeper soil layer under flood irrigation． Sprinkler irrigation technology is beneficial to improve the utilization rate of water and fertilizer in Hexi Corridor．

In order to investigate the effect of different alternating cycles and different pressure head on the root growth of pepper in greenhouse，six different treatments，including 1 m pressure head with 4 days alternating irrigation ( A treatment) ，1 m pressure head with 8 days alternating irrigation ( C treatment) ，1．5 m pressure head with 4 days alternating irrigation ( B treatment) ，1．5 m pressure head with 8 days alternating irrigation ( D treatment) ，double pipe irrigation ( E treatment) and ordinary irrigation ( F treatment) were set and each treatment was repeated three times to analyze pepper root growth and the effects of root growth and development on pepper yield． The results show that the irrigation water productivity of micro-irrigation is higher than that of ordinary irrigation． The irrigation water productivity of the double -tube irrigation experiment group was the highest． 

Soil moisture and fertilizer management are the most critical control indexes in agricultural production，and they are indispensable factor for crop yield and stability． The production of agriculture and animal husbandry in Northern Altay Prairie are mainly developed from the desert barren land． This paper analyzes and compares the water-fertilizer coupling test data of silage corn under drip irrigation in 2015－2017 in Fuhai County，Altay． It is found that under different water and fertilizer treatments，silage corn basically enters into each stage of growth at the same time; the plant height and stem diameter of maize at jointing stage are increased with the increase of fertilization amount; under the condition of no drought and mildly drought，with the increase of Nitrogen fertilizer amount，silage maize leaf area index is increased at heading stage． Through binary regression equation，it is proposed that the reasonable amount of irrigation and fertilization should be 4 200 m3 /hm2 and 195 m3 /hm2 ，respectively

Moistube-irrigation is a new water-saving irrigation technology with low energy consumption and broad application prospects． To reveal the effects of tube depth and pressure head on cumulative infiltration under moistube-irrigation，an indoor experiment with different tube depths ( D5，D10，D15 and D20) and different pressure heads ( H100，H150 and H200) was conducted and the infiltration processes were studied． The results showed that the order of cumulative infiltration under different pressure heads was: H200＞H150＞H100; the order of cumulative infiltration under different tube depths was: D5＞D10＞D15＞D20; the effects of tube depth，pressure head and the interaction on cumulative infiltration all reached significant levels; the cumulative infiltration processes were in accordance with Kostiakov model; the infiltration coefficient and infiltration index of Kostiakov model were positively related with pressure head，while negatively related with tube depth; the interaction between tube depth and pressure head had a significant effect on the two infiltration parameters． Further study showed that tube depth and infiltration coefficient had a linear relation，while pressure head and infiltration coefficient，tube depth and infiltration index，and pressure head and infiltration index all had exponential relations． The prediction model DH-K ( Kostiakov correction model) for cumulative infiltration was developed． The MAPE value of the model was 3． 97%． The model performed well in predicting cumulative infiltration under moistube-irrigation．

The aim of the experiment is to study reasonable fertilizer practice for realizing the target of high yield of maize under subsurface drip irrigation． Through setting nitrogen splits and rates，influences of nitrogen application rates on maize yield is studied． The result indicates that the effects of nitrogen application times and amount and their interaction on corncob length and 100 kernel weight are not significant; the effect of nitrogen application amount on bare top length is significant，nitrogen application times has significant effect on kernels per ear，and the interaction of nitrogen application times and amount has significant effect on kernels per ear; the effect of nitrogen application amount on kernels per ear and the effect of nitrogen application times on corn yield are very ; the yield of the three times nitrogen application treatment is increased by 7．60% than the one time nitrogen application treatment，the yield of the T3N120 and T3N180 treatment is increased by 11．36% and 9．13% than the T1N120 and T1N180 treatment，respectively; the effects of nitrogen application times and amount and their interaction on corn yield are not significant． A maize yield regression model is established with nitrogen application times and amount as independent variables，which can correctly reflect the relationship between maize yield and． A management measure with nitrogen application times of 3 and nitrogen application amount of 120 ～ 180 kg /hm2 is recommend to obtain high production while reducing the risk of nitrogen leaching for the black soil in Heilongjiang of China．

In order to discuss the applicability of drip irrigation for potato planting，four treatments，including drip irrigation under mulch ( DI) ，bare drip irrigation( OI) ，furrow irrigation( FI) and border irrigation ( CK) ，are set to study the effects of different irrigation methods on SPAD value of potato leaves，photosynthetic characteristics，yield and water use efficiency． The results show that: compared with border irrigation treatment ( CK) ，the SPAD value is significantly increased for all treatments，the drip irrigation under mulch has the most significant effect，and the SPAD value is increased average by 22．22% ～ 49．58% than CK in the whole growth period; the leaf photosynthesis indexes of drip irrigation under mulch are significantly higher than those of other treatments in the whole growth period of potato，and those of all treatments are significantly higher than that of CK ( P＜0．05) ; the growth rate of photosynthetic characteristics index reaches the maximum than CK in potato tuber period，the net photosynthetic rate of treatment DI，OI and FI is increased by 88．50%，63．34% and 41．88% than CK，respectively; the transpiration rate is increased by 30．07%，26．80% and 19．17%，respectively; the stomatal conductance is increased by 26．32%，19．30% and 12．28%，respectively． Compared with bare drip irrigation，furrow irrigation and border irrigation，the yield and water use efficiency of drip irrigation under film are significantly improved，the economic yield is increased by 10． 56%，29． 80% and 58．72%，respectively，and water use efficiency is increased by 5． 99%，34． 80% and 150． 23%，respectively． For comprehensive consideration，the technology of drip irrigation under film is more suitable for potato planting in the area

In this paper，the influence of working pressure and spraying angle on the single hole spraying characteristics of micro-sprinkling hoses is studied． Based on the analysis of the spraying range，the width of the wetting zone，the width of the drying zone，the diameter of the water drop and the working diameter，the following results were obtained． Under the test pressure，the range reaches the maximum when the spray angle is 30 degrees; the width of wetting zone increases with the increment of angle and pressure; the width curve of dry zone is similar to that of the range curve; when the working pressure is 20KPa，the performance parameter curve fluctuates obviously，which is not suitable for the practical design and application ; the working pressure and spraying angle have no significant effects on the droplet diameter; the stability of the micro spraying band diameter reflects the stability of spraying performance．

In this experiment, the drainage belt is used as the douche of the permeation Irrigation system. Under different water head pressure and distance of permeation Irrigation pipe to water outlet of water tank and lasting time, makes tests in laboratory, measures the water flow each douche of permeation irrigation pipe under different factors, then utilizes formulae to calculate uniformity of water flow under different factors. After the laboratory test, do some experiment in the field to analyze the change of irrigation rates. The result of the test shows that the water of each douche on the permeation Irrigation pipe is different, the influence of pressure water head to water flow is remarkable. However, its impact on the uniformity is not big; With the increase of water head, the uniformity increases, but not in proportion; With the increase of the distance of permeation Irrigation pipe to water outlet of water tank, the uniformity decreases; water flow of permeation irrigation pipe and time are not linear relations; The irrigation rates increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation amount。

Through a reclaimed water drip irrigation greenhouse experiment of Chinese cabbage and radish，with underground drip irrigation as contrast，the heavy metal accumulation distribution in the soil，overground and underground part of plant after drip irrigation are analyzed． The results show that the main heavy metals in the soil surface ( 0 to 40 cm depth) accumulation decreases with depth; there is no obvious difference between 40 to 80 cm depth; heavy metal content in 80 cm to 100 cm depth increases suddenly and the concentration of heavy metals is the highest; heavy metal content in 100 to 180 cm depth drastically reduces; there is no difference in the 180 to 220 cm depth． Under reclaimed water drip irrigation，the content of Pb2+ ，Cu2+ and Cd2+ in the aboveground and underground parts of Chinese cabbage and turnip increase significantly．

According to function and effectiveness，two kinds of aquatic ecosystem services，product supply and environmental and life support services，are identified． Water ecosystem services are divided into three groups，including regulating，supporting and cultural services． Dry season is the critical period of ecological base flow in water shortage areas． Ecological base flow value is enormous in extremely dry conditions． Ecological base flow value can be estimated by means of resource and environment economics according to their service function and influential factor． The results showed that the total value of water ecosystem services of Baoji section in Wei river in the year of 2015 was 3．83×108 Yuan，in which regulating function was the most valued water ecosystem service function，2．55 ×108 Yuan; the value of supporting and cultural function was 0． 02 × 108 Yuan and 1． 25 × 108 yuan，respectively． This study can provide theoretical support and scientific basis for the long-term ecological base flow protection and the establishment of ecological compensation mechanism in water shortage areas．

This paper mainly studied on the information application layer and data processing part of agricultural Internet of Things ( IoT) ， and was aimed on scientific management decision－making through data processing，mining，integration and application to realize the control of agricultural production process． The temperature and humidity，CO2 concentration，light intensity，soil moisture and soil temperature of the experiment field were monitored in real time by an IoT system in a Pitaya experimental field located in Nanning Irrigation Experiment Station． First，the data obtained from the experimental field were cleaned，and then the environmental data of each group were marked as“suitable” and“unsuitable”according to the requirements of the growth environment of pitaya． Finally，the data were automatically classified by the decision tree method，and the correct rate was used as an indicator to evaluate the model performance． The experimental results showed that the correct rate of the testing set of decision tree was 99．04%，and the correct rate of the verification set was 100%． It showed that decision tree had a good performance in data classification．

Abstract: In order to obtain the drought situation at different rainfall frequencies in Heilongjiang Province and the distribution of irrigated water demand in maize, the monthly rainfall data of 72 stations in Heilongjiang Province from 1990 to 2015 were used to study the effects of the growth period of maize growth period (May - September) Rainfall distribution. At the same time, this paper analyzes the percentage of precipitation anomalies and the water requirement of maize in different rainfall frequencies. The results show that: Heilongjiang is more prone to drought and less rainfall in the western region of Heilongjiang such as Qiqihar, Longjiang, Dumont, Tailai, Daqing, Zhaozhou, Zhaoyuan and the Hegang, Huachuan. in the ortheastern Heilongjiang; the amount of maize irrigation water in each region is more in July and August; In 50% of the rainfall frequency, most parts of Heilongjiang will not occur in drought, in 75% of the rainfall frequency, Heilongjiang has a small part of the drought and the need for corn irrigation, 90% of the rainfall frequency, most parts of Heilongjiang Reached the drought standard and needed to be irrigated.

Using ecological footprint model，this paper calculated the ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of each region in Zhejiang province in 2015． This paper also analyzed the inter-regional ecological compensation standards in Zhejiang province based on the ecological compensation coefficient． The results showed that the total ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of Zhejiang Province in 2015 were 15 484×104 ghm2 and 7111×104 ghm2 ，respectively; apart from Lishui city，the other 10 areas showed ecological deficit; the ecological deficit of Ningbo city was the highest，which was 2 011×104 ghm2 ; the ecological environment in 7 cities was extremely unsafe; Lishui city should get ecological compensation of 46 509×104 Yuan，while all the other 10 areas should pay for ecological compensation，and the total amount was 13 466 220×104 Yuan; the net payment of ecological compensation of Zhejiang province was 13 419 711×104 Yuan． According to the benchmark of the ecological compensation of each acre，the inter-regional ecological compensation standards in Zhejiang province was revised． The results showed that Ningbo city，Hangzhou city and Jiaxing city should pay for ecological compensation，the payment amount was 3 457 187×104 Yuan，2 110 322×104 Yuan and 144 189×104 Yuan，respectively; the remaining 8 cities should obtain ecological compensation; Lishui city，Quzhou city and Jinhua city were the cities obtaining the largest ecological compensation，and the compensation quantity was 2 276 403×104 Yuan，1 093 543×104 yuan and 989 003×104 Yuan，respectively．

The efficient operation of water-saving irrigation technology cannot be separated from the scientific management of the new-type agricultural management, and the popularization and application of water-saving irrigation technology in the current new type of agricultural management conform to the requirements of modern agricultural development. Taking the "intensive model" of Wensu County in arid area of Xinjiang as the research object, this paper summarizes and analyzes the operation process and advantages of "intensive mode" according to the research. Results show that Wensu "intensive mode" set large-scale, intensive, scientific and specialized in one, make full use of various resource elements to realize the efficient use of water-saving irrigation technology, its advantages mainly manifested in the realization of agricultural scale management, the various elements of intensive investment and allocation, and fully play the advantages of various elements. And under the professional management of water-saving irrigation technology to implement efficient use, to promote the full play of economic benefits of water-saving irrigation technology.

A new scheme that combines the power lines with signal lines together is proposed in the paper，and the low-voltage power line carrier communication technology is applied to round irrigation automatic controller in orchards． The power line carrier module is based on ST power line carrier communication chip ST7540 with coupling filter circuit so as to realize power line carrier communication． Then power transmission line model in round irrigation is established according to the even transmission theory． Finally，the transmission character of the power line carrier module is tested by this model． The results show that the ST7540 model communication operation is reliable and stable in DC power line，and the control distance can reach about 2000 m long theoretically． Hence，it can absolutely meet the performance demand of control system in the partition round irrigation area