Effect a radical cure of farmland residual film, from the source to solve cotton fields in arid areas is becoming more and more serious "white pollution" problem, this paper adopts 5 kinds of processing methods: field experiment studied degradable mulch (BMF1 - BMF2), plastic film drip irrigation (MF), bare land control (CK), in view of its insulation moisturizing effect and influence on cotton growth and production situation, exploration under the condition of drip irrigation biodegradable plastic mulch film instead of the original application effect. The experimental results show that biodegradable mulch can increase soil temperature, which is 5cm, 10cm, 15cm, 20cm, 5.9-9.9%, 4.8-9.6%, 4.0-8.5%, 3.2-7.2%. Soil moisture content was maintained, and the average humidification was 0.6%-0.13%. It was significant to promote the early growth of drip irrigation cotton, and the effect of increase yield was significant, and the yield of the BMF2 was 5262kg/hm2, which was 13.21% higher than that of CK. Biodegradable film also can be natural degradation, both to reduce the residual film recycling process, and no adverse effects on the soil environment, for drip irrigation in arid areas cotton effect a radical cure of "white pollution" has important research value and application prospect.

In order to explore the influence of inner structural change of douche of double maze runner on its hydraulic performance，taking different combinations of position and height of single inner tooth on the left side of vertical runner as study target，the hydraulic performance indexes of toothless maze runner with the combination of fifteen kinds of position and height of single inner tooth under nine types of inlet pressure were calculated based on CFD software to establish numerical simulation model of hydraulic performance of douche． The result was verified through physical experiment of the same structure． The results indicate that flow stance index of douche increases and then decreases with the increase of single inner tooth height，while discharge coefficient presents decline trend with the increase of single inner tooth no matter how position of single inner tooth changes; for the same height of single inner tooth，flow stance index of douche presents trend of increase and then decrease with the change of single inner tooth height in vertical runner from high to low，while the impact of discharge coefficient with position change of single inner tooth is small; when the position of single inner tooth is at the left lower side of vertical runner and the height is 0．5 mm，flow stance index of douche is the minimum and the hydraulic performance is good．

Taking Honghuadajinyuan as the test object，the effects of 5 irrigation treatments on the growth and yield of flue-cured tobacco were studied through a pot experiment． The results show that the amount of water consumption of tobacco is less at the early stage，more at the middle stage and declines again at the later stage in pot experiment without rainwater． about 22% to 25% of total water consumption in the whole growing period of tobacco plants is at the root extending stage，40% to 42% at the vigorous growing stage and 34% to 35% at the maturing stage，respectively; the increase of irrigation amount has significant effects on the physiological indexes such as plant height，leaf size and so on; the suitable irrigation amount is about 40． 36 kg per plant; the reduction of irrigation will cause the leaf specific weight decreasing gradually，while the stem specific weight increasing gradually．

This thesis contraposed that under conventional irrigation system serious water waste and water use efficiency is low and the planting structure of the single status quo in He Xi inland area, using the method of laboratory test and field test. This paper discussed the different capillary depth of the buried drip irrigation that the growth rhythm of corn in the horizontal and the vertical distribution of soil moisture and the influence of seedling emergence、plant height、leaf area、dry matter quality with per plant. The results showed that in the horizontal direction, the soil moisture content with the capillary drip head is symmetrical at the same distance on both sides，because the role of soil gravity potential, in vertical direction, from the moisture content of capillary drops below the head of the same distance is higher than the moisture content of capillary drip overhead. When the flow rate drops to 1.2 L/h, the emergence rate of T1 treatment significantly higher than the other, when the germination rate reached 56.51%, followed by processing T2 can reach 20.61%, the rest of the processing emergence rate is less than 10%; The 40 cm depth treatment in different growth period of plant height and stem diameter、dry matter quality significantly less than the 30 cm depth and depth 35 cm; The 30 cm depth is more conducive to the increase of the coefficient of leaf area. The same capillary laying mode, under the condition of irrigation quota and irrigation at the same time, flow rate drops to 1.6 L/h when its output is significantly higher than flow rate drops to 1.2 L/h. Capillary buried deeply 30 cm, spacing for 60 cm for suitable buried under the condition of drip irrigation field corn optimal model The results of the study provides the theoretical foundation for buried drip irrigation technology development in our country.

The purpose of this paper is to provide a scientific basis for the application of nitrogen fertilizer under the condition of ridge film mulching combined with straw mulching technology． In this study，seven-year-old Fuji apple trees and 15N trace technique were used to explore the characteristic of 15N－urea absorption，utilization，fruit yield and quality under the condition of ridge film mulching combined with straw mulching technology and CK． The experiment had three application level of nitrogen fertilizer ( N 201．53，403．05，604．58 kg / hm2 ， respectively，named N1，N2 and N3 ) ，and each tree was 15N－urea 5 g． The results showed that: the nitrogen content of the leaves of FS was higher than that of CK in different phenological phase，and the difference reached a significant level in rapid growth stage of spring twig，the nitrogen content of leaves decreased with the increase of leaf age，and the nitrogen content of N2 was higher than that of N1 and N3 ． Ndff of the leaves of FS was higher than that of CK in different phenological phase，and Ndff of the leaves presented the trend of“first increase and then drop”in the growth season，but Ndff of N2 was higher than that of N1 and N3 ． In the period of harvest fruit，Ndffs of leaves，new shoots， branches of perennials，boughs，trunk and fruits under condition of FS were significantly higher than those of CK，and the Ndffs of N2 were higher than that of N1 and N3 ． The 15N－urea utilization ratio of FS was increased by 6．65% to 13．41% compared with CK，and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of N2 was significantly higher than that of N1 and N3( P＜0．05) under condition of FS． Yield，fruit quality and superior fruit rate of FS were higher than those of CK，and soluble solids，hardness，titratable acid were closed to those of CK，but under condition of different nitrogen levels，N2 showed the largest，followed by N3，and then N1 ． It can be concluded that in the arid and barren hilly apple orchards，FS can improve the absorption，utilization of nitrogen fertilizer and yield and fruit quality．

The coupling effect of water and nitrogen on the photosynthetic rate and transpiation rate of greenhouse tomato was studied by setting up two irrigation methods with 8 treatments，which were fixed furrow irrigation and alternative furrow irrigation，each irrigation method with 2 water levels and 2 nitrogen levels． The results indicate that: the photosynthetic rate of tomato shows the“double peak”curve before adding fertilizer，and the two curves of“double peak”and“single peak”after adding fertilizer; the transpiration rate of tomato shows the “single peak”curve before and after adding fertilizer; the photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of tomato leaves can be improved under the alternative furrow irrigation before adding fertilizer，and it performances more significantly under the high water treatment; after fertilization，the transpiration rate of tomato leaves can be improved under the alternative furrow irrigation or under alternative furrow irrigation with higher water or fixed furrow irrigation with lower fertilizer．

In order to investigate the effects of the straw rates on soil temperature dynamic and nitrate nitrogen distribution under dual-mulching of ridge and furrow, field experiments were carried out on summer maize. Five experimental treatments, including straw mulching application rates of 2500 (MG1), 5000 (MG2), 7500 (MG3), 10000 kg / hm2 (MG4) and flat without cover (CK), were designed. The results showed that straw mulching could significantly regulate soil temperature. Compared with the control treatment, the average soil temperature of 0～20 cm decreased by 0.5 ℃, 1.6 ℃, 2.5 ℃ and 3.0 ℃ at the growing period, the Pre-cooling effect was greater than the late, and the greater the mulching rates, the more obvious cooling effect. The maximum extreme temperature difference could be reduced by 1.59 ℃, 3.64 ℃, 4.95 ℃ and 5.18 ℃, respectively, compared with control treatment. The effect of covering on soil temperature was mainly at 0～10 cm soil layer, at the same time, the largest temperature difference was 5 cm, where the average soil temperature was reduced by 0.54 ℃, 2.08 ℃, 3.04 ℃ and 3.51 ℃ compared with control treatment. The results showed that the soil nitrate nitrogen content of shallower layer decreased by 5.55%, 12.18%, 18.71% and 19.89%, respectively, and the deeper layer increased by 4.81%, 9.58%, 13.22% and 13.80%. In the soil profile, the peak value of nitrate nitrogen was 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm and 40 cm lower than that of control.

Influence of sediment concentration and inlet pressure on clogging of labyrinth channel emitter XU Lu-quan, LI Yuan-nong, FANG Yun-jie, YIN Min-hua, HUANG Peng, WANG Kai-yu, WANG Xing-yao (Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas，Ministry of Education，Northwest A ＆ F University，Yangling 712100，ShanXi Province，China ) Abstract: In order to find out the reasons and rules of the clogging of the head of the labyrinth block of the inlaid labyrinth, the method of full combination test was used to investigate the reasons of the sediment concentration and the inlet pressure. Sorting out the sediment particle size less than 0.10mm, prepared 3 kinds of sediment concentration of muddy water, respectively in 0.025MPa and 0.075MPa under the pressure of the periodic intermittent irrigation experiment flow changes by laser particle size analyzer analysis of blocking sand, combined with Christiansen uniformity coefficient and dripper flow analysis of relative emitter clogging. The results show that the distribution of plugging parts is more concentrated, and the blockage is more than the end of the pipe. 0.075MPa, 0.025MPa, the distribution of the plugging parts is dispersed, and evenly distributed on the drip irrigation pipe. The same sediment concentration, 0.075MPa pressure is 0.025MPa caused by dripper clogging; dripper clogging degree is not completely with the sediment concentration increased, part of a small concentration of muddy water blocking in rapid development of large concentration of muddy water, under pressure, is easy to cause sensitive dripper clogging concentration range. Key words: plugging position; inlet pressure; sediment concentration; irrigation uniformity coefficient; relative flow

Different color and material films have various effects on the growth and development of winter wheat． The purpose of this study is to compare the influences of different mulch films on winter wheat and to explore a more effective film coating technology． This experiment was conducted during 2014 to 2015 and 2015 to 2016 at Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas， Ministry of Education，Northwest A＆F University． With Xiaoyan 22 as the experimental materials，4 treatments ( CK: ridge-furrow planting without mulching over ridge; P: ridge -furrow planting with ordinary transparent film mulching over ridge; J: ridge -furrow planting with degradable film over ridge; H: ridge-furrow planting with black film over ridge) were choose to investigate the effects of different mulch films on soil hydrothermal regimes，water use efficiency and the plant nitrogen accumulation and translocation of winter wheat． The results show that the average soil water storage at 0 ～ 100 cm of entire growth period under P，J，K is increased by 8． 94%，7． 56%，9． 54% than CK respectively in 2014 to 2015 and was increased by 7．15%，4．28%，9．46% than CK，respectively，in 2015 to 2016; the preservation of soil moisture effects in the film -covered field is significantly better than that in the no -film -covered field ( P＜ 0． 05) ; the average soil temperature at 0 to 25 cm under P，J，K is increased by 9．53%，8．14%，3．16%，respectively，than CK in 2014 to 2015 and is increased by 10．21%，8．37%，3．47%，respectively，than CK in 2015 to 2016; during the later period of wheat growth，the amount of plant nitrogen accumulation and translocation of black film is higher than ordinary film and degradable film，no significant difference is observed between ordinary film and degradable film( P＞0．05) ; the average yield and water use efficiency in two years under P，J，K is increased by 37．86%， 38．21%，48．46% and 46．57%，45．05%，61．08%，respectively，than CK． It can be concluded that the effects of increasing soil temperature and soil moisture preservation between ordinary film and degradable film are similar; the black film shows a better preservation of soil moisture effects but has no significant effects on increasing soil temperature，it can effectively increase the amount of plant nitrogen accumulation and translocation in the later period of wheat growth and has better effects on saving water and increasing yield． 

In order to explore the red soil bubbled irrigation water infiltration laws，the infiltration test of red soil bubbled irrigation with different flow rate was carried out based on kinematic theory of unsaturated soil moisture to establish a mathematical model of soil water infiltration，and the HYDＲUS-3D software was used to solve the model． After the model was verified through the laboratory experiment，the model was used to simulate the soil water infiltration． The results show that the simulated values and the measured values of soil moisture content relative error are small，and both have good consistency; the model can be used for irrigation of bubbled simulation of soil water movement． The numerical simulation results show that the characteristics of soil water movement increases with the increase of infiltration flow，but the amplitude decreases with time; the greater the infiltration flow rate and the faster velocity of wetting front，the greater rate of soil water content; when the infiltration is stable，the relationship between soil water content and infiltration rate is proportional increased．

In order to understand the effect of CO2，CH4 and N2O gas released by rice on the greenhouse effect and its utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer，to find a reasonable water and fertilizer control mode，and to reduce greenhouse enhancement effect of crop and large area non-point source pollution due to the excessive use of nitrogen，the experimental study with 3 irrigation modes ( control irrigation，intermittent irrigation，flood irrigation) and 4 nitrogen application levels ( 140，110，70 kg / hm2 ，no nitrogen fertilizer) were conducted in 2016 under field conditions． The effects of the above 12 combinations on rice yield，harvest index，greenhouse gas emission，greenhouse effect，water and nitrogen use efficiency were studied． The results show that the increase of N can effectively enhance rice yield and the control irrigation mode has significant effect of yield increase; different irrigation patterns have less effect on the yield of rice straw; under the submerged irrigation mode，the effect of different nitrogen application rates on the number of grains per spike is small，which is less than 66 or so; for different irrigation modes，the emission per unit area of CO2，CH4 and N2O of the high nitrogen application treatment is lower than that of the control group; the greenhouse effect produced by CH4 is much larger than that of CO2 and N2O; the order of the total greenhouse effect of different irrigation methods from large to small is flooded irrigation，control irrigation，intermittent irrigation，which indicates that water - saving irrigation can reduce the overall greenhouse effect of the crop to the atmosphere and the nitrogen utilization rate of rice increases shows a downward trend with the increase of nitrogen.

The total water use control is an important part of implementing the most stringent water resources management system． Increasing the level of the total water use forecasting is the key support link． Based on the characteristics of seasonal that shown in water consumption data in Guangzhou City from 2002 to 2016，AＲIMA and GM ( 1，1) model were chosen to forecast the total water consumption． The results showed that the relative error from AＲIMA ( 1，1，1) model was gradually convergent; while the GM ( 1，1) model had the characteristics of divergence after convergence． Therefore，combined with the average and absolute relative error verification，it was concluded that AＲIMA ( 1，1，1) was suitable for the prediction accuracy of total water consumption． Through the forecast it is found that the total water consumption in Guangzhou in 2020 will face the risk of beyond the red line of total amount water control． The fact that industrial and agricultural water use was still the key constraints to total amount of water control was founded from the structure of water use data of Guangzhou in 2011－2015． Therefore，Guangzhou needs to further strengthen increasing the industrial water use efficiency and the technique level of agricultural irrigation in the future planning and control of water resources.

In this study，four typical underlying surfaces，including the farmland，fish pond，fruit tree and livestock breeding in Jingu river experimental district of Qingshitan irrigation area in Lijiang Ｒiver，were selected to carry out the site test． The sections of branch canals located in the inlets and outlets of these underlying surfaces were selected to monitor the water quality of the canal section． The principal component analysis showed that ammonia nitrogen，total nitrogen and total phosphorus greatly affected the river water quality． The singlefactor variance analysis method ( ANOVA) and its least significant difference ( LSD) were used to determine the differences in pollutant emissions between the underlying surfaces． The results of ANOVA showed that the difference between ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen was the largest among the four underlying groups． The significant levels of ammonia and nitrogen were 0 and 0．145，respectively． The results of multiple comparisons showed that the difference between the four underlying surfaces was different，and the contribution rate of the different underlying surface was different; the difference between the livestock breeding and other underlying surface was different，and the livestock breeding was a main contributor for the water environment pollutant．

In this paper，through field sampling and laboratory analysis in Yanqi Basin of Xinjiang，the distribution and accumulation of nitrogen in 0 ～ 100 cm soil layers of different plant types are investigated to study the leaching process of soil water，salt and nitrogen and their extent to groundwater pollution under winter irrigation conditions． The results show that the content and distribution characteristics of nitrate nitrogen in different soil profiles are different，and decrease gradually with the increase of soil depth; the distribution of ammonium nitrogen in different soil layers is not significant; soil nitrate nitrogen accumulated mainly at 0 ～ 60 cm soil layer at the end of growing period， the accumulated amount of 0 ～ 60 cm soil nitrate nitrogen decreases with the order of tomato field，wheat field，maize field，chilli field; water samples show that the content of nitrate nitrogen in shallow groundwater is the highest，the exceeding standard rate is 57．1%，and the serious exceeding standard rate is 28．6%; the shallow groundwater in this area has been polluted by nitrate nitrogen; winter irrigation plays the roles of increasing soil content and decreasing soil salt and nitrogen．

The annual rainfall in arid area of China's scarce resources, so the utilization of rainfall and irrigation water should be efficient and saving principle. In recent years, the implementation of water-saving irrigation to drip irrigation and water use efficiency was improved, but the treatment of film mulching and ridge,that changing farmland surface conditions on the infiltration process of rainfall will be affected. In order to analysis the film drip irrigation and ridging on rainfall infiltration test, selection of surface treatment, rainfall intensity, initial soil moisture content three factors, were conducted to investigate the effects of artificial rainfall canopy in test pit experiments. The experimental results of data analysis show that the rainfall intensity of rainfall infiltration and infiltration; different surface treatment, infiltration capacity and infiltration depth of the largest flat bare land, ridging times, mulching and ridging in a reduced minimum. The rain intensity range, with the increase of the effect of rain collection furrow with the increase of rainfall, the infiltration ditch ridging and mulching increased significantly; in ridging conditions, membrane water due to rain collection function of the membrane impermeable and furrow, respectively, and the film side ditch of the rainfall infiltration when the rain intensity continues to increase, the effect of rain furrow is weakened, but the confluence film still exists. The soil moisture below is covered by soil water film edge through lateral migration, two-dimensional soil water infiltration process is very significant.

Wheat irrigation water is the most important water item in the southern plain area of Hebei province, and its water consumption is generally calculated by 《the water quota》 of Hebei province. However, in the actual irrigation, irrigation water consumption and theoretical calculation of irrigation water consumption tend to have a large deviation. In order to accurately get the actual wheat irrigation water consumption to provide support for the regional water resources planning and management. This time in Hengshui city, Cangzhou city, Xingtai city and Handan city of Hebei Province 4 cities and 48 counties selected 401 typical plots for wheat irrigation test. The experiment period crossed the whole winter wheat growth period, the irrigation flow test was carried out by ultrasonic flowmeter and volumetric method to confirm each other, and the irrigation water consumption was measured combining the electricity consumption and irrigation times in the wheat growth period. The results show that the total amount of irrigation water is 4.9% lower than that of the experimental irrigation water. The estimated water consumption of the typical counties in the Taihang Mountains is 26.3% higher than that in the experimental irrigation water, and the typical counties in the low plains of the Black Dragon County, the theoretical estimate of irrigation water quota is slightly lower than the experimental irrigation water consumption of 0.7%. The main reason for the difference of irrigation water consumption is the influence of irrigation technology in the field, so the improvement of irrigation technology is an important means to reduce irrigation water consumption.

Water is a strategic resource supporting the development of regional economy． Before formulating the regional development plan and industrial economic policy，it is needed to make a quantitative evaluation of water resources environment competitiveness． From the two aspects of water resources and water environment，the evaluation index system，which includes a total of 14 indicators and five aspects，such as the abundance of water resources，water resources utilization，water resource conservation，sewage discharge status，water environment governance，is constructed． Then a quantitative evaluation of regional water resources environment in 31 areas of China is conducted． The conclusion is that water resources are competitive，water environment is not competitive，and water resources environment is also competitive． 

In order to effectively organize and manage the large amount disorganized agricultural information，aiming at the current problem that the agricultural text classification system is not perfect and the agricultural corpus is scarce，the Naive Bayesian classification method is adopted and the algorithm is designed by Python program，the Naive Bayesian classifier is constructed to classify the large-scale agricultural field texts systematically，and a set of agricultural text classification system is proposed based on Naive Bayesian，which divides the agricultural texts into four categories，including agriculture news，agricultural technology，agricultural market and price of agricultural products． At the same time，taking the water conservancy news of Water Conservancy Department of the People ＇s Ｒepublic of China as an example，the classification accuracy of the four categories of the texts in the agricultural field is statistically calculated to verify the classification performance of the Naive Bayesian classifier． Finally，the agricultural text and its corresponding categories are collected and stored in the agricultural text training set database in the form of index，and the agricultural text corpus is generated． The results show that the classification performance of Naive Bayesian classifier is relatively high，and the agricultural text classification system based on Naive Bayesian can effectively classify agricultural text．

To evaluate the application of different methods of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) in Hainan Province, the correlation and errors were analyzed between the Penman-Montieth method and other methods required less data. Metrological data for 2000~2014 were collected from 7 stations in Hainan. The Priestley-Taylor method, the Irmak-Allen method and the Hargreaves-Samani method were used to compute the daily reference evapotranspiration with the Penman-Montieth method as standard. The results showed the Priestley-Taylor method performed better in Hainan. The mean absolute error and the average relative error of daily ET0 calculated from Priestley-Taylor method were 0.760mm/day and 24.190%, respectively. There was better correlation between Priestley-Taylor method and Penman-Montieth method and between Irmak-Allen method and Penman-Montieth method. The correlation coefficient of Priestley-Taylor method and Irmak-Allen method were higher than 0.9. The slope of regression line of Priestley-Taylor method and Irmak-Allen method were 1.203 and 0.883, respectively. Therefore, Priestley-Taylor method showed greatest fitness to Hainan Province.

The precipitation at crop growth stage and its space-time distribution are the main factors of agricultural drought． So analysis of precipitation probability distribution characteristics at crop growth stage and study area plays an important role in guiding the agricultural drought control． In this study，taking the corn planting in Puyang Qucun Irrigation Area as an example，the probability distribution characteristics of precipitation at different growth stages of maize were analyzed and calculated． Firstly，according to the maize growth stage， the distribution function of precipitation at each stage was fitted; then the combined distribution function of rainfall in the adjacent growing stages was constructed by using the function Archimedean Copula，which described the characteristics of drought distribution during the growth stages of corn in this area． This paper fully considers the precipitation statistical rule in the adjacent growing stages，so it is possible to provide more comprehensive and accurate drought information．

On the basis of the test data of single sprinkler spraying，and according to the water superposition principle，through the virtual extension of the single sprinkler spray area and the setting of typical representative region and calculation domain，the calculation method and steps of triangle sprinkling irrigation unit uniformity by Surfer 11 software are introduced in detail． Through the analysis of calculation examples，it is shown that the nearest point interpolation method of Surfer software is the best method for data grid processing，and the data grid span size has little influence on the calculation result，and 0．5 is suitable for it．

In order to explore the comparative selection of sunken lawn and rain garden in the engineering practice，the two low -impact development facilities of sunken lawn and rain garden is analyzed in detail． A community in Tonglu County is selected to build SWMM model to simulate the runoff process and the total contamination load under LID basic combination，basis add sunken lawn and basis add rain garden in the case of the storm occurs every year，every two years and every five years． And the AHP method is used to evaluate the comprehensive performance of sunken lawn and rain garden． The results show that sunken lawn and rain garden have a certain effect on runoff and water quality，and the effect of rain garden is more significant． The AHP evaluation indicates that rain garden has better overall performance．