The scientific and reasonable irrigation strategy of celery under drip irrigation can provide theoretical basis for efficient production of celery with water saving. In this study, in the outer leaf growth stage, the interior leaf setting stage and the interior leaf growth stage of celery under drip irrigation, three irrigation levels of I, 0.8I and 0.6I (I is the full irrigation amount, the upper limit of irrigation is 90%θ _FC, the lower limit of irrigation is 70%θ_Fc, 0.8I and 0.6I represent 80% and 60% of the full irrigation, respectively), were respectively set, and three factors with three levels orthogonal experiments were carried out to study the response of growth, physiological indexes, yield and irrigation water use efficiency of the aboveground part of celery to water regulation under different treatments, and determine the best irrigation strategy based on CRITIC-TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation method. The results showed that the plant height, yield and irrigation water use efficiency of celery were most sensitive to the outer leaf growth stage, while the thick petiole was sensitive to irrigation in the interior leaf setting stage and the leaf photosynthesis was most sensitive to irrigation during interior leaf growth stage; with the aggravation of water deficit during interior leaf growth stage, leaf net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate decreased significantly, but intercellular CO₂ concentration increased significantly; the plant height and yield of T1 treatment (I, I, I) with sufficient irrigation in three growth stages were the highest, in which the plant height was 66.03 cm and the simulated maximum growth rate was 0.86 cm/d; the highest yield was 103.50 t/hm²; T2 treatment (I, 0.8I, 0.8I) had the thickest petiole, which was 20.71 mm, increased by 4.1% compared with the treatment with sufficient irrigation, the simulated maximum growth rate was 0.36mm/d, and the irrigation water use efficiency was 61.27 kg/m³, 6.3% higher than that of T1 treatment; the comprehensive analysis of critical-topsis showed that T2 treatment had the highest comprehensive score and was the best irrigation treatment. Considering the whole growth period, the irrigation amount of 140 to 160 m³/hm², 215 to 245 m³/hm², and 390 to 420 m³/hm² in outer leaf growth period, interior leaf setting period and interior leaf growth period was the best irrigation scheme.

In order to explore the influence factors of low soil nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen leaching on the environment and poor yield and quality of grape, the effects of irrigation and rain shelter cultivation on nitrogen leaching, yield and quality of grape were studied. The experiment set up two factors and six treatments of irrigation lower limit (80%, 70%, 60% field capacity) and rain shelter measures (no rain shelter treatment, rain shelter treatment) to study the effects of different soil moisture lower limits and rain shelter treatments on the concentration and total leaching amount of NH₄ ⁺-N and NO₃ ^--N in soil water loss, NO₃ ^--N leaching rate and grape yield and quality. The results showed that under the same irrigation lower limit, the NO₃ ^--N concentration, total leaching amount and NO₃ ^--N leaching rate of rain of all treatments under rain shelter cultivation were lower than those of non-rain shelter cultivation; under the same rain protection measures, the NO₃ ^--N concentration, total leaching loss and NO₃ ^--N leaching rate of low irrigation lower limit treatments were lower than those of high irrigation lower limit treatments. The change trend of NH₄ ⁺-N and NO₃ ^--N leaching loss was basically the same. The yield per unit area of T5 treatment was 34.02%, 10.21%, 37.67%, 20.90% and 36.33% higher than that of T1, T2, T3, T4 and T6 treatments, respectively, and the difference was significant. It can be concluded that the measures of rain shelter cultivation and properly reducing the lower limit of irrigation have good resistance and control effect of nitrogen leaching and good quality and high yield.

In order to explore the effects of different irrigation modes and fertilization treatments on soil enzyme activities and provide scientific and technological support for soil quality improvement in waterlogging paddy fields, the changes of the activities of soil urease, catalase and acid phosphatase at the tillering and heading stage and after harvesting of rice were analyzed based on a pot experiment under two irrigation methods including flooding irrigation (W1) and intermittent irrigation (W2) with three fertilization treatments including straw returning + chemical fertilizer (F1), straw returning + chemical fertilizer + soil conditioner (F2) and straw returning + chemical fertilizer + biochar-based fertilizer (F3). The results showed that compared with flooding irrigation, intermittent irrigation increased the activities of soil urease, catalase and acid phosphatase by 5.60%, 13.16% and 29.76% respectively, during the whole growth period of rice. Compared with F1 treatment, the average activities of soil urease under F2 and F3 treatments were increased by 3.81% and 8.65% during the whole growth period, respectively. The average activities of soil catalase were increased by 6.74% and 2.29% at tiller and heading stage, while decreased by 9.58% and 20.85% after harvesting, respectively. The average activities of soil acid phosphatase were significantly decreased by 37.03% and 37.37%, respectively (p<0.05). Therefore, intermittent irrigation combined with soil conditioner or biochar-based fertilizer could increase soil urease and catalase activities more effectively, and the effect of biochar-based fertilizer on urease activities was better than that of soil conditioner. Intermittent irrigation could reduce the inhibition of soil conditioner and biochar-based fertilizer on acid phosphatase activities, which improved the soil quality of waterlogging paddy fields.

In order to coordinate the five objectives of irrigation economic benefits, irrigation water efficiency, crop water shortage, sustainable groundwater utilization and canal water distribution fairness in irrigated area, and determine the reasonable irrigation water consumption of each crop and the appropriate proportion of canal and well water consumption, this paper used the MODFLOW module FloPy developed based on Python to develop a groundwater numerical simulation model. NSGA-Ⅲ algorithm in the optimization framework Pymoo was used to construct a tightly coupled simulation optimization model of multi-objective water resources optimization allocation in the irrigation area, and a multi-objective water resources optimization allocation scheme in the hypothetical drainage and well irrigation area is obtained. The results showed that compared with the average value of 57 non-inferior solution sets, the economic benefit of the optimal solution was 1.10% higher. Under the sustainable groundwater utilization scheme, the average cumulative groundwater depth was 4.52% lower. The minimum crop water deficiency scheme had 14.25% lower water deficiency. The scheme with the highest fairness of water distribution was 32.84% higher. The scheme with the highest water use efficiency had a water use efficiency of 19.72%. The optimal scheme recommended by Borda count indicated that the net economic benefit was 0.14% higher, the average cumulative decline in groundwater table was 4.49% lower, the water scarcity decreased by 0.15%, the water efficiency increased by 16.90% and the fairness decreased by 52.2% compared to the average values. The research results can provide strong technical support for the sustainable, safe and efficient utilization of surface water and groundwater in irrigated areas, as well as the dual control of total groundwater intake and groundwater level.

In this study, soils in abandoned Lycium barbarum L. orchard for five consecutive years before and after abandonment were collected, and high-throughtput sequencing technology was used to analyze the bacterial structure of soil (0~20 cm and 20~40 cm), as well as identified the critical soil factors. The results indicated that: compared to the control (before to abandonment) treatment, the soil water content, organic matter, and alkali-hydrolyzable N content increased greatly in the fallow soil, while the soil salt content and total N content declined dramatically. Meanwhile, in the topsoil, soil organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus increased gradually, total nitrogen decreased gradually, and soil bacterial diversity indexes gradually increased. Compared with the control treatment, the abundance of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteriota increased 15.19% and 28.38%, respectively, while Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota and Cyanobacteria decreased 26.72%, 40.09% and 46.13%, respectively. At genus level, Hymenobacter, Limnobacter and Cavicella abundance increased by 13.18, 8.98 and 6.24-fold, while Candidatus_Methylomirabilis and Flavisolibacter decreased by 91.37%, and 72.98%, respectively. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that soil total N, water content, available P, available K and NO₃ ^--N were the key environmental factors affecting soil bacterial community diversity and relative abundance of dominating phyla in the abandoned soils. This work can establish a scientific foundation for managing and reusing an abandoned Lycium barbarum L. orchard in Ningxia.

In view of the arid environment in southern Xinjiang, the water consumption of conventional winter and spring irrigation mode is serious, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of water resources in southern Xinjiang. In this study, a field experiment was carried out in Shaya County, southern Xinjiang. Seven different irrigation treatments (C1 of 675 m³/hm², C2 of 900 m³/hm², C3 of 1 125 m³/hm², C4 of 675+225 m³/hm², C5 of 675+450 m³/hm², C6 of 675+300+150 m³/hm², CK of winter irrigation 180 m³/hm²) were set up to study the effects of different seedling emergence water and drip frequency on cotton flower height, stem diameter, seedling emergence rate, dry matter accumulation and other growth indicators, yield and its constituent elements (number of bolls per plant, harvest density). The results showed that the emergence rates of C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 and C6 were 81.48%, 88.62%, 67.35%, 95.01%, 73.66% and 80.06% of the control, respectively. At seedling stage, compared with CK, the plant height of C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 and C6 treatments decreased CK by 10.63%, 10.37%, 36.33%, 8.05%, 22.45% and 26.74% respectively, and the stem diameter decreased CK by 2.14%, 6.05%, 31.67%, 4.27%, 12.81% and 16.73% respectively. The correlation between Boll Weight per plant of winter irrigation cotton and seed cotton yield was the highest (r=0.646), and the harvest density of dry sowing wet cotton was the most closely related to seed cotton yield (r=0.748). The CK treatment was significantly higher than other treatments in seedling emergence rate, cotton growth index, late yield and its components. The C4 treatment was at the same level as CK treatment in seedling emergence rate, harvest density and seed cotton yield. When the emergence water amount was greater than 675 m³/hm², under the same drip frequency, the cotton emergence rate increased with the decrease of irrigation quota. The cotton emergence rate, seedling growth status, late yield and its constituent elements of C2 treatment were higher than those of C3 treatment, and those of C4 treatment were higher than those of C5 treatment. Under the same irrigation amount, the emergence rate of cotton increased with the increase of drip irrigation times. The emergence rate, yield and components of cotton of C4 treatment were higher than those of C2 and C5 treatment, and those of C6 treatment was higher than those of C3 treatment. The seedling growth and emergence of C4 treatment were the best.

China is one of the countries with the poorest water resources in the world. The contradiction between water resources utilization efficiency and economic development is becoming more and more serious. In recent years, with the increasing awareness of environmental protection and the increasing requirements for the quality of economic construction, it has become increasingly important to explore the relationship between water resources utilization and economic development. Based on this, this paper took 9 cities in the Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Greater Bay Area as examples, used the LMDI model to decompose the change of water consumption from 2012 to 2020, and introduced the Tapio decoupling elasticity method to clarify the decoupling relationship between water consumption and economic growth. The preliminary conclusions are as follows: ①the construction of the greater bay area leads to significant changes in industrial water consumption. Specifically, with the decrease of total water consumption, water consumption in the secondary industry decreased rapidly, water consumption in the tertiary industry increased rapidly, and water consumption in the primary industry remained relatively stable.②The pull effect of water resources use change is mainly influenced by scale economy effect and population effect, while the inhibition effect is mainly influenced by industrial structure effect and water quota effect, and water quota effect is dominant.③The "strong decoupling" occurred most frequently in the primary industry, and the decoupling state of the secondary industry experienced a change of "strong negative decoupling - weak decoupling - strong decoupling", and the decoupling relationship of the tertiary industry showed great volatility.

Using the soil in the cultivated layer of the northern Xinajing as the study object, the indoor freeze-thaw simulation experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of soil water content, salinity and the number of freeze-thaw cycles on the characteristic indexes of water stability of soil aggregates (average mass diameter and fractal dimension) during the freeze-thaw cycle. The results showed that: the freeze-thawing process at 70% field moisture content could enhance the agglomerate stability, and the agglomerates were shattered by too high or too low moisture content, especially when the field moisture content was reached; the initial salinity also had a significant effect on the agglomerate stability, and the stability of soil agglomerates gradually decreased with the increase of salinity; with the increase of the number of freeze-thawing cycles (1, 3 and 5), the proportion of agglomerates less than 0.1 mm increased significantly, while the geometric average diameter and average weight diameter decreased; When the initial water content was low, the freeze-thaw cycle had no significant effect on the fractal dimension. With the increase of the initial water content, the fractal dimension increased up to 0.88%. The mean mass diameter and geometric mean diameter of soil were negatively correlated with the fractal dimension. It is suggested that soil moisture content should be adjusted to 70% field capacity before freezing of saline-alkali soil to maintain and improve soil physical structure.

With the rapid development of facility agriculture, soil degradation such as secondary salinization, nutrient imbalance, and soil compaction has emerged in facility cultivation. Consequently, greenhouse crops usually suffer from oxygen deficiency in the rhizosphere, and hypoxic stress has become a major constraint hampering crop production in facility. Aerated irrigation, i.e., oxygenation of irrigation water, directly delivers the oxygen to the plant root zone, thereby increasing crop yield and quality. Nanobubbles (NBs) irrigation is considered as one of the most efficient aerated methods, and its application in agricultural field has attracted extensive attentions. At present, the generation ways, observation methods, and the applications of NBs in water treatment and ore flotation have been successionally reported. However, the effects and applications of nanobubbles in agriculture are rarely reviewed. This review focuses on the characteristics of nanobubbles, and the effects of nanobubble irrigation on the growth, yield, quality, soil physical and chemical indexes and soil microorganisms of facility crops. It summarizes the existing research results of nanobubbles in the field of facility agriculture, and puts forward the prospects for the future research focus of nanobubbles in the field of agriculture.

Soil preferential flow is an essential process that affects the movement and relocation of soil water and solutes. This study was conducted in a cropland in an arid and semi-arid area in Zhongning County, Ningxia. Based on the simulated field experiments of soil fissure, rainfall intensity and rainfall duration, the characteristics of preferential flow in farmland soil in arid and semi-arid areas were investigated and analyzed through the investigation and analysis of infiltration depth, stained area and the contribution rate of preferential inflow infiltration to total infiltration by using the staining tracer method. The main results showed that the soil fracture on slope played an important role in rainfall redistribution, i.e., fractures increased soil water infiltration, reduced surface runoff volume, and delayed the formation of surface runoff. Under 50 mm/h and 30 mm/h rainfall intensities, the fracture treatment increased soil water infiltration by 31.3% and 33.6%, respectively, compared with the no-fracture control. These results have theoretical and practical significance for understanding soil water transport, especially for agricultural irrigation management and improving cropland water use efficiency in arid and semi-arid areas.

Aiming at the problem that the management of water supply and distribution is more and more onerous in the construction of modern irrigation area, after studying the structure and functional purpose of the traditional irrigation management information system, the irrigation management scheme of applying for implementation is put forward. Water demand information was collected through mobile APP, irrigation scheduling plan was established, and the process of plan-execution-monitor - update plan was repeated to realize the integration of physical water network and digital water network. Finally, irrigation scheduling plan was optimized, the end time of irrigation operation was predicted, and smooth handover between operations was promoted. The irrigation scheduling plan was further transformed into a rectangular strip packing problem (2DR-SPP), that is, irrigation operations were represented as rectangular strips composed of flow and time, the start and end times were represented as rectangular positions, and the connection relationship between operations was represented as the sequence before and after the rectangles. A rapid update irrigation scheduling plan method was designed, that is, the irrigated area was discretized into a binary tree, and the irrigation application (rectangular strip) was packed in layers along the irrigated area structure (binary tree) from bottom to top, and the irrigation scheduling plan was automatically updated. This study also designed the mobile APP program to collect the basic information of irrigation area, the intelligent lock of gate to manage irrigation process, and the irrigation evaluation subsystem. The system can collect the water information to the server side, apply the cyclic packing program to constantly update the irrigation scheduling plan, guide the gate operation, urge users to work together, so as to reduce the workload of irrigation management and improve work efficiency. The development of information technology gives birth to the implementation of application irrigation management, which provides scientific, accurate and efficient irrigation scheduling decision-making suggestions while facilitating farmers' production and life. With the continuous improvement of management system, process and application method, the traditional irrigation management mode will definitely be changed deeply.

In order to explore the influence of pressure water head on the migration distance of wetting front and the law of water and nitrogen migration in wetting body under the condition of moistube irrigation and fertilization, an indoor soil chamber simulation test was carried out. Five water heads (1 m, 1.25 m, 1.5 m, 1.75 m and 2 m) were set, and calcium ammonium nitrate (600 mg/L) was used as irrigation fertilizer. The relationship between the migration distance of wet front and pressure head was studied and the law of water and nitrogen migration in moist body under different pressure head was analyzed. Nitrate nitrogen (NO₃ ^-) is the main form of nitrogen absorption by plants. The study of nitrate nitrogen migration in soil is of guiding significance to the outdoor planting experiment of micro-irrigation under different pressure water head. The experimental results show that under the condition of moistube irrigation with calcium ammonium nitrate, the longitudinal profile of the wetting body is round, and the migration distance of the wetting front and the irrigation time are in line with the power function relationship. The infiltration coefficient A is positively correlated with the pressure head, and the infiltration index B is negatively correlated with the pressure head. Pressure head can promote soil water transport. The higher the pressure head, the higher the pressure potential at the infiltration interface, the faster the infiltration rate of soil water, the greater the water content of the soil layer at the same depth at the same time, and the greater the cumulative infiltration amount. The cumulative infiltration amount and irrigation time accord with Kostiakov's empirical infiltration formula, and the parameters A and B are positively correlated with the pressure head. The law of nitrate nitrogen transport is contrary to the water transport law, the farther away from the micro-run pipe, the higher the nitrate nitrogen content in the soil. The pressure head can promote the transport of nitrate nitrogen. At the same time and the same soil depth, the higher the pressure head, the faster the nitrogen transport and the higher the soil average nitrate nitrogen content. Calcium ammonium nitrate can change the pore structure of soil. The neutralization reaction between calcium ions in calcium ammonium nitrate and soil colloid leads to the increase of soil aggregate structure, porosity and soil infiltration capacity, which can reduce the weakening rate of soil infiltration capacity to a certain extent. Therefore, when applying in a large area, it is necessary to avoid the damage caused by leaching accumulation to water body and the environment. The popularization and application of micro-irrigation still need to be further studied.

In order to explore the effects of sowing rate and water management on the yield and water use efficiency (WUE) under dry direct seeding rice, field experiments were conducted to compare the effects of Dry-management (DM, hard alternating wet and dry), Water-management (WM, flooding irrigation), Sowing amount-one (SO, 22.5 kg/hm²) and Sowing amount-second (SS, 37.5 kg/hm²) on grain yield, leaf area index, grain filling dynamics, leaf senescence and water use efficiency. The Results were as follows: the rice yield of DM treatment was lower than that of WM treatment, and the yield gap between DM and WM was reduced by 11.6% after increasing the sowing amount, mainly because the number of effective panicles was significantly increased. The number of effective panicles of SS treatment was 23.7% higher than that of SO treatment, and LAI was increased by 6.8%, but all the other yield components decreased. The senescence rate of leaves of DM treatment was higher than that of WM treatment by 19.9% across two years average, and the senescence process was slightly increased by increasing sowing amount. The WUE of DMSO was lower than that of WMSO, but increased by 5.47% after increasing the sowing amount. And the WUE of DMSS was higher than DMSO by 12.05%. It can be conclude that increasing seeding amount can improve population quality, significantly increase rice yield and water use efficiency, which laid a foundation for stable rice yield under the condition of water shortage for DDS technology.

The emission of nitrogen and phosphorus in paddy field has caused serious agricultural non-point source pollution problems. In different regions or experimental conditions, the effect of different irrigation methods on the emisssion of nitrogen and phosphorus in paddy field is different, especially under scientific rainfall irrigation, there is less research on this aspect. Therefore, in 2019 (with an average precipitation of 1 444.5 mm, belonging to a normal water year), an experimental study was carried out in Tianzhu County, Guizhou Province to investigate the effects of different irrigation methods (scientific rainfall irrigation, shallow wet irrigation and continuously flooded irrigation) on the dynamic change characteristics and emission amount of nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff and leachate, residual nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil in paddy field. The results showed that, compared with shallow wet irrigation and continuously flooded irrigation, scientific rainfall irrigation reduced water consumption by 24.7% and 18.7%, respectively. The peak concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in field runoff and leakage solution appeared after base fertilizer and topdressing, and the peak concentration of liquid nitrogen and phosphorus in scientific rain storage irrigation runoff was the largest. The change of nitrogen concentration in the leakage fluid during most of the whole growth period showed shallow wet irrigation> scientific rainfall irrigation > continuously flooded irrigation. During most of the period before jointing, the phosphorus concentration of the leakage fluid of scientific rain storage irrigation was the highest. There was no significant difference in total nitrogen emission and total pollutant emission between scientific rain storage irrigation and shallow wet irrigation, which were significantly lower than those of continuously flooded irrigation. The total phosphorus emission showed continuously flooded irrigation > scientific rainfall irrigation > shallow wet irrigation. In general, compared with continuously flooded irrigation, scientific rainfall irrigation reduced nitrogen emission by 18.6%, phosphorus emission by 29.0%, and total nitrogen-phosphorus emisssion by 16.0%. In summary, scientific rain storage irrigation, due to its efficient use of rainfall, significantly improves water use efficiency, reduces runoff and leaching loss of nitrogen and phosphorus, and promotes efficient use of water and fertilizer resources in paddy field.

The middle part of Gansu province is an important producing area of rain-fed spring maize in China, but the long-standing low planting density and nitrogen use efficiency is not reasonable. Therefore, this study carried out experiments on nitrogen fertilizer and planting density of spring maize in Dingxi City, Gansu Province, in order to put forward planting density and nitrogen application scheme to maintain high yield and efficiency of spring maize in rain-fed areas of middle part of Gansu province. In this study, Xianyu 335 was selected as the research object, and two factors, planting density and nitrogen application rate, were set by split plot experimental design. The main area was planting density (D), which was set at three levels, including D1 of 35 000 plants/hm², D2 of 55 000 plants/hm², and D3 of 75 000 plants/hm². Four levels of nitrogen fertilizer application rate (N), N1of 0 kg/hm², N2 of 180 kg/hm², N3 of 225 kg/hm², and N4 of 270 kg/hm², were set in the secondary area. The effects of the interaction between planting density and nitrogen fertilizer on the growth, yield, nitrogen use efficiency and soil nitrate residue of spring maize were studied. The results showed that different planting density and nitrogen application rate had significant effects on growth, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of spring maize, and their interaction was obvious. Under medium density and medium nitrogen application rate (D2N3), spring maize yield (10 203 kg/hm²) and nitrogen use efficiency (37.5%) were the highest. Compared with other treatments, N use efficiency was increased by 39.0% to 47.1%. At the same time, the nitrate content of soil treated with D2N3 was also low during spring corn harvest. Considering the yield, nitrogen use efficiency and soil nitrogen residue, the optimal combination of density and nitrogen fertilizer was 55 000 plants/hm² and 225 kg/hm², respectively.

A good water and fertilizer regulation is the main measure to maintain and improve the soil fertility level, and also an important guarantee for the high yield of crops. In order to explore the effects of different water and fertilizer regulation on rice yield, dry matter quality and soil fertility in paddy fields, a barrel test study on rice planting was carried out in Zhanghe Irrigation District, Hubei Province. The tested rice variety was Quanzaoyousimiao. Two irrigation modes, W1（Continue Flooding, CF）and W2（Alternate Wetting and Drying, AWD, as well as conventional fertilizer N1 and five fertilization levels of slow-release fertilizer N2 were set.Among them, N2F(1) treatment had the same fertilization effect as N1 conventional fertilizer, and five treatments (N2F(0.5), N2F(0.75), N2F(1), N2F(1.25) and N2F(1.5)) were designed through increasing and decreasing the fertilization level by 25% and 50%, respectively. Soil samples and plant samples were collected before soaking fields and at the yellow maturity stage, and the soil total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) content, dry matter quality and yield of rice at the yellow maturity stage were analyzed. The results showed that the yield of AWD irrigation W2N2F(1) treatment was 17 128.4 kg/hm², which was 5.73% lower than that of W1N2F(1) treatment with the highest yield. The distribution ratio of dry matter in the ear of W2N2F(1) treatment was 44.81%, which was lower than that of W1N2F(1) treatment by 4.9%. TN under the condition of conventional fertilizer N1 was significantly higher than that before the soaking fields under the two irrigation modes. The soil TN contents of W1N1 and W2N1 treatments were 1.38 g/kg and 1.57 g/kg, respectively. And there was significant difference between the treatments with slow-release fertilizer (P<0.05). The content of soil TP was generally lower than that before the bubble field. The TP content of the intermittent irrigation W2N2F(1.5) treatment was the highest, which was 0.37 g/kg and 101.29% higher than that of the W2N1 treatment. AWD can better maintain TN content in the soil and increase the effective panicle number of rice than CF irrigation. Slow-release fertilizer can improve soil nitrogen and phosphorus fertility and the accumulation of dry matter in panicles, thereby increasing yields.

In order to remove the contamination of ARGs (Antibiotic resistance genes) in the aquaculture industry, in this study, fishery wastewater was collected as raw water, a horizontal submersible constructed wetland with zeolite was constructed as the main filler, the gene abundance was measured by quantitative PCR, the removal effect of constructed wetland tank on ARGs (sul1 and sul2) was studied, and the removal mechanism of ARGs was analyzed. The experimental results showed that the removal of sul1 increased with the increase of ferric chloride concentration, but the removal of sul2 and 16S rRNA did not increase with the increasing concentration. Comprehensive analysis showed that the removal of sul1 and sul2 was optimal at 80 mg/L in Fe²⁺. The removal of adding ferric chloride on TP (Total Phosphorus), TN (Total Nitrogen) and NH₄-N (Ammonia Nitrogen) was also significantly improved. When the adding amount of ferrous chloride was 40 mg/L, the removal of conventional pollutants was the most appropriate. Adding different content of ferrous chloride can change the microbial community structure in the inlet and outlet water of the experimental tank, reduce the relative abundance of sul1 host Mycobacterium bacteria in the effluent, and affect the removal of ARGs from the microbial community level. Therefore, adding ferrous chloride increased the removal of conventional artis pollutants and sul1. The flocculation of ferrous chloride can increase the filtration effect of ARGs in the experimental tank, promote the change of microbial community structure or promote gene transfer, and increase the abundance of ARGs in the treatment system. Fe²⁺ promoting gene transfer and matrix filtration are the potential mechanisms to enhance the removal of sul1 and sul2 from constructed wetlands.